CN102438821A - 复合材料 - Google Patents

复合材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102438821A
CN102438821A CN2010800208156A CN201080020815A CN102438821A CN 102438821 A CN102438821 A CN 102438821A CN 2010800208156 A CN2010800208156 A CN 2010800208156A CN 201080020815 A CN201080020815 A CN 201080020815A CN 102438821 A CN102438821 A CN 102438821A
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Prior art keywords
composite
textile material
aforementioned
leather
sheet material
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基思·沃特金森
马克·施泰因
查尔斯·菲茨休
戈登·伊万
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Bentley Motors Ltd
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Bentley Motors Ltd
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
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Abstract

一种复合材料，所述复合材料包括片材(1)，所述片材(1)主要由与织物材料(3)粘合的动物皮组成。所述片材可为皮革和被编织和涂覆的织物材料。这两种材料可由热熔性胶黏剂粘合在一起，所述热熔性胶黏剂可为薄膜或网状物(2)。将所述片材暴露在阳光和热量中时，所述片材与织物材料的粘合增强了所述片材的尺寸稳定性，使得所述片材适用于制造在汽车等车辆中使用的遮阳窗帘。

Description

复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料、由复合材料制成的窗帘以及复合材料的生产方法。
背景技术
皮革广泛地用作装饰材料，尤其用于高级车辆(特别是汽车)内部的装饰材料。车辆尤其是汽车，趋向于玻璃占较大的面积，除了汽车挡风玻璃、后窗和侧窗外，众所周知的是为汽车安装全部或部分装有玻璃的车顶。因此，可将窗帘安装到有幕车窗和装有玻璃的车顶上，以便为乘客提供隐私并为乘客遮挡阳光。
由于审美的原因，任何窗帘的内部都适宜与车辆的内部相配或相称。为此，适宜使用皮革作为制成窗帘(比如卷帘)的材料。然而，这样使用皮革在实践中有明显的缺陷，因为将皮革暴露在温度和湿度变化中和受到阳光照射时，皮革尺寸不稳定。事实上，申请人已发现，当天然皮革暴露在与正常使用时汽车车窗或车顶窗帘所经受的热量等同的热量中时，该皮革会有大约5％的尺寸变化，这种不稳定度不可接受，本发明的实施例考虑并解决该问题。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了复合材料，该复合材料包括：一种片材，该片材主要由与织物材料粘合的动物皮组成。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了生产复合材料的方法，所述方法包括步骤：
提供基本上包括动物皮的片材；
提供织物材料；以及
将所述片材和织物材料粘合在一起以形成复合材料。
据发现，通过将织物材料与皮材料粘合，可提高皮材料的尺寸稳定性，使得本发明的实施例适用于车窗和车顶窗帘应用。
优选地，所述片材为皮革，皮革可理解为适当处理过的动物皮，当使用粘合或处理过的“皮革”材料时，由于审美和质量原因，该“皮革”材料的使用并非为优选的。
优选地，削薄所述皮革，所述皮革的厚度范围优选为0.5到0.7mm。
优选地，收缩优化所述皮革，以便最小化以后的收缩和尺寸不稳定性。
优选地，编织所述织物，所述织物优选地由聚酯纱线编织，所述纱线的质量范围优选地为150到180Dtex。优选地，涂覆所述织物，并且所述织物可涂覆有水性聚氨酯涂层，所述涂层的涂覆比率范围可为125到145g/m2。所述织物的整体质量范围可为150到170g/m2。所述织物厚度范围可为0.1到0.3mm，并且优选为0.18-0.24mm。所述织物的拉伸强度优选为至少250N，更优选地为至少300N。对于编织织物，所述拉伸强度涉及经纱和纬纱方向的强度。
优选地，所述织物基本上耐光。
优选地，所述织物和片材通过胶黏剂粘合在一起，所述胶黏剂优选为热熔性胶黏剂，该胶黏剂优选地设置为一个或多个薄膜或网状物叠层的形式，所述薄膜或网状物的质量范围优选为28到90g/m2。可使用两个或多个薄膜叠层来提供足够的胶黏剂质量。
优选地，所述胶黏剂最小的活化温度为130℃，最大的活化温度为180℃。
优选地，将所述胶黏剂薄膜夹在所述片材和织物之间以形成叠层，将所述叠层放入热静压机。所述材料在所述热压机中优选地受到至少4N/cm2的压强。所述材料优选地在所述压强下在热压机内停留10到30秒。将所述热压机的至少一侧优选地加热到170℃到190℃的温度范围，将所述热压机的另一侧加热到50℃到70℃的温度范围。
优选地，一旦从所述热压机中取出所述粘合材料，用刀将该粘合材料修剪为适合的大小。所述复合材料可用于制成窗帘，比如卷帘。
附图说明
为了更清晰地理解本发明，现在参照附图，通过实例描述本发明的实施例，其中：
图1为根据本发明用于形成复合材料的材料叠层的侧视图；
图2为图1的材料叠层经过粘合后的透视图；以及
图3为由图2的复合材料制成的卷帘。
具体实施方式
参照附图，通过装配叠层形成复合材料，所述叠层包括：
(i)一片经过预收缩并削薄处理的皮革1(厚度大约0.7mm)，皮革1的粒面(grain side)指向所述叠层的外侧；
(ii)两层透明的共聚酰胺粘性薄膜2，每层的厚度大约为15到25μm，比如法国普罗泰克(Protechnic of 66rue des Fabrique，6870Cernay，Cedex，France)销售的名为TEXIRON 199的产品；以及
(iii)紫外线(UV，Ultraviolet)稳定的编织聚酯织物3，所述聚酯织物3由大约167Dtex的黑色经纱和纬纱编织，并以大约35g/m2的比率涂覆有灰色水性聚氨酯涂层，使得整个织物的质量大约为164g/m2。
在一个替代实施例中，将上面(ii)处描述的两层粘性薄膜用厚度大约为80μm的单层透明共聚酰胺粘性薄膜替换。合适的粘性薄膜可从德国Tag公司(Tag Composites and Carpets GmbH，Krefeld，Germany)购买到。
将所述叠层用皮革1和织物3之间的粘性薄膜层2重叠在一起，并且将装配后的叠层放置在压力机的加热后的加热板(plate)之间。设置所述叠层使得所述皮革靠在加热到约60℃的加热板上，所述织物3靠在加热到约180℃的加热板上。然后以4.5N/cm2的压强将所述加热板合在一起持续10到30秒的时间。这就使胶黏剂2熔化并流动到所述皮革的表面上和所述织物3的内部，将所述皮革和所述织物3粘合在一起以形成如图2所示的复合材料。
然后用刀将复合材料修剪成适合的大小。
接下来将修剪后的材料的一端粘附到卷帘轴4上，另一端粘附到伸长的支架5上，用作汽车车窗或车顶、或者其他车辆或应用的配件，所述皮革1朝向车辆内部，所述织物3朝向玻璃。
人们发现暴露于阳光以及温度和湿度变化时，将皮革粘合到所选的织物上，与皮革本身相比，可明显提高皮革的尺寸稳定性。鉴于皮革本身的收缩率达5％，根据本发明的复合材料的收缩率可忽略。
仅通过实例的方式描述上面的实施例，在不背离所附权利要求限定的发明内容的情况下可进行许多变更。

Claims (24)

1.一种复合材料，其特征在于，所述复合材料包括：一种片材，所述片材主要由与织物材料粘合的动物皮组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述片材为皮革。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述皮革为削薄的皮革。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述皮革的厚度范围为0.5到0.7mm。
5.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述织物材料为编织的织物材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述织物材料由聚酯纱线编织。
7.根据权利要求6所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述纱线的质量范围为150到180Dtex。
8.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述织物材料为被涂覆的织物材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述织物材料涂覆有水性聚氨酯涂层。
10.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述织物材料质量范围为150到170g/m2。
11.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述织物材料厚度范围为0.1到0.3mm。
12.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述织物材料的拉伸强度为至少250N。
13.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述织物材料基本上耐光。
14.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述织物材料和片材通过胶黏剂粘合在一起。
15.一种窗帘，其特征在于，所述窗帘包括根据前述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料。
16.一种生产复合材料的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括步骤：提供主要由动物皮组成的片材；提供织物材料；以及将所述片材和织物材料粘合在一起以形成复合材料。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法进一步包括将涂层涂覆在所述织物材料上的步骤。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，以150到170g/m2的比率涂覆所述涂层。
19.根据权利要求16到18中任一项权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，通过热熔性胶黏剂将所述片材和织物材料粘合在一起。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述胶黏剂为薄膜或网状物形式。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述薄膜或网状物的质量范围为28到90g/m2。
22.根据权利要求20或21所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述胶黏剂薄膜或网状物夹在所述片材和织物之间以形成叠层，并将该叠层放入热压机。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，使所述叠层在所述热压机中在至少4N/cm2的压强下受压10到30秒。
24.根据权利要求22或23所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述热压机的至少一侧加热到170℃到190℃的温度范围，将该热压机的另一侧加热到50℃到70℃的温度范围。
CN2010800208156A 2009-05-14 2010-05-14 复合材料 Pending CN102438821A (zh)

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