CN111032345A - 复合玻璃,复合安全玻璃和用于制造其的方法 - Google Patents

复合玻璃,复合安全玻璃和用于制造其的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111032345A
CN111032345A CN201880054215.8A CN201880054215A CN111032345A CN 111032345 A CN111032345 A CN 111032345A CN 201880054215 A CN201880054215 A CN 201880054215A CN 111032345 A CN111032345 A CN 111032345A
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China
Prior art keywords
film
composite
glass
spangles
light
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Granted
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CN201880054215.8A
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CN111032345B (zh
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鲁文·塞德勒
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Sean Ltd
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Sean Ltd
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  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种复合玻璃,所述复合玻璃包括第一和第二玻璃板以及设置在第一和第二玻璃板之间并且与所述第一和第二玻璃板连接的层压膜复合结构,所述层压膜复合结构具有第一和第二层压膜。本发明的特点在于,在第一和第二层压膜之间设置有具有第一吸光表面的多个亮片,其中亮片以吸光表面朝向第一层压膜并且彼此间隔开地设置为,使得复合玻璃在亮片的吸光表面的侧上观察表现为透亮可见的。

Description

复合玻璃,复合安全玻璃和用于制造其的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合玻璃,一种复合安全玻璃,一种层压膜装置以及一种用于制造层压膜装置、复合玻璃或复合安全玻璃的方法。
背景技术
从现有技术中已经已知单侧透亮可见(durchsichtig)的玻璃或展示材料。单侧透亮可见性的效果基于,这些玻璃或展示牌具有单侧吸光地覆层的层结构,所述层结构具有多个开口。从所述吸光侧观察,衬层起透亮可见的作用,另一侧反射地构成从而阻碍从该侧透亮可见。在US 2009/0169795A1中描述这种层结构,所述层结构构成为点栅格膜或织物,尤其构成为金属织物,所述金属织物随后单侧地用吸光材料覆层。此外,也已知具有反射覆层的吸光织物。
复合玻璃是由至少两个扁平玻璃板通过抗断裂的且粘弹性的层压膜连接构成的复合结构。这种玻璃尤其在建筑领域中使用。在相应的附着的情况下,复合玻璃归为复合安全玻璃。德国专利商标局在优先权申请中检索到涉及复合玻璃的如下现有技术:DE 23 13278 A和DE 20 2008 008 318 U1。德国专利商标局在优先权申请中也检索到DE 230 759 A和DD 2 95 720 A5作为本身已知的在服装领域的反射薄板的现有技术。
然而,对于任意类型的玻璃立面的出发点是单个玻璃,作为浮法玻璃或以预紧的形式作为单片安全玻璃(ESG)或作为部分预紧的玻璃(TVG)。所述部分预紧的玻璃然而仅用作为复合玻璃或复合安全玻璃。如果单片安全玻璃(ESG)断裂,那么其分裂为小的、大约10mm大的碎片,所述碎片具有钝的棱边。如果部分预紧的玻璃(TVG)断裂,那么形成较大的块并且裂缝伸展至玻璃棱边。剩余承载能力维持。
复合安全玻璃由于在复合安全玻璃中使用的层压膜相对于简单的扁平玻璃板具有更多安全特征(抗击穿,碎片损伤的明显小的风险,在部分破坏之后的剩余承载能力),所述层压膜通常在热影响和压力影响下以及部分地在真空下持久地与玻璃板连接。对于将复合玻璃归为复合安全玻璃,在复合结构之内的附着是决定性的。
尤其对于立面造型、然而也对于在内部区域中的玻璃壁,越来越多地存在对仅从室内透亮可见或看穿的玻璃的需求,所述玻璃同时满足安全要求。同时,刚好在建筑师和业主方面存在对在立面外观的设计方案中的尽可能大的造型自由度的需求。
从现有技术中,如例如从US 2009/0169795 A1中已知的层结构、如单侧吸光地覆层的织物或点格栅膜虽然可以用作为在复合安全玻璃中的衬层,然而限制复合结构的附着并且仅可以在受限的宽度内普遍地制造,这尤其在大面积的玻璃立面元件中强烈地限制使用。经覆层的织物此外仅可整面地并且借助各玻璃板相同的网孔制造。在此,本发明的目的是,提供一种复合玻璃或一种复合安全玻璃,其一方面满足最高的安全要求并且另一方面提供对于立面或室内造型的最佳的造型自由度。
发明内容
所述目的通过权利要求1的单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃实现。
本发明也提出权利要求16的用于制造用于本发明的单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃的层压膜复合结构的层压膜装置。
本发明还提出权利要求17的用于制造用于本发明的单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃的层压膜复合结构的层压膜装置的方法。
这根据本发明的第一方面通过复合玻璃实现,所述复合玻璃包括第一和第二玻璃板以及设置在第一和第二玻璃板之间并且与所述第一和第二玻璃板连接的层压膜复合结构,所述层压膜复合结构具有第一和第二层压膜,其特征在于,在第一层压膜和第二层压膜之间设置有具有第一吸光表面的多个亮片,其中具有吸光表面的亮片朝向第一层压膜并且彼此间隔开地设置为,使得复合玻璃在亮片的吸光表面的侧上观察表现为透亮可见的。
在单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃中,第一和第二玻璃板以及设置在第一和第二玻璃板之间并且与所述第一和第二玻璃板连接的层压膜复合结构优选是基本上光学透明的或是透亮可见的,其中所述层压膜复合结构具有第一和第二层压膜。多个间隔开设置的亮片之间的间距因此优选是基本上光学透明的或透亮可见的,使得复合玻璃仅在所述间距中是尽可能光学透明的或原则上是透亮可见的。
吸光结构,如例如黑色的或深色的结构然而对肉眼隐去,尤其在与其周围环境的对比度大时,所述结构对于观察者表现为关于周围环境是颜色中性的,所述结构不被感觉到。
在反射率的亮的结构的情况下,这是不同的;所述结构对于观察者显露出来。这造成,例如对于观察者而言在多个黑条的情况下可看穿窗玻璃,所述观察者因此可以清楚地感觉到窗玻璃后方的环境;在相同布置的多个亮的、即反射率的条的情况下,观察者然而清楚地感觉到所述条并且在窗玻璃后方的环境对于其是不能感觉到的或是能较少感觉到的。与黑的结构相比,亮的结构在此形成与周围环境的更小的对比度,由此在亮的结构后方的背景更弱地被感觉到并且与亮的结构模糊在一起。
本发明包含如下知识,经由在复合玻璃中在两个层压膜之间使用多个亮片,一方面通过与点格栅膜相比更小的覆盖能够实现在两个层压膜之间的良好的附着,从而能够实现层压膜彼此间的更好的连结,并且与之前已知的点格栅膜或织物不同地不具有彼此连接的结构的各个亮片的使用允许在布置和形状方面的明显更大的自由度,从而造型自由度仅还在如下范围中受限:仅维持单侧的透亮可见性。此外已经证实的是,在有利的标准层压过程的情况下,应用亮片还减轻了气穴从而在复合玻璃中的混浊度问题并且降低了复合结构中的附着,这些问题通过在织物中的经纱和纬纱的交叉点而促成。亮片的应用此外还允许简单地产生在板的伸展之上的改变,如立面越高,在亮片之间的间距越大。
在本发明的范围内将亮片理解为薄的单层的或多层的薄板。吸光表示吸收至少60%的可见光。称作为吸光的结构或材料对于肉眼显示为黑色或无论如何显示为非常暗。用于复合玻璃的层压膜是抗断裂的、粘弹性的,例如在此使用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚氨酯(PU)或离子塑料或离聚物,即除常见的次价键外在高分子之间具有离子键的聚合物材料。
下面描述本发明的有利的改进方案。实施例的附加特征可以彼此组合以形成其他改进方案,除非其在说明书中明确地作为彼此的替选方案描述。
优选地,复合玻璃是复合安全玻璃,即具有在各个组成部分之间的附着,所述附着允许归为复合安全玻璃。第一和第二玻璃板有利地构成为部分预紧的玻璃,在本发明的范围内可以使用扁平玻璃以及弧形玻璃。也将弧形玻璃用作为复合结构的一部分的可能性进一步提高用于立面的造型自由度。
有利的是,亮片的朝向第二层压膜的第二表面反光地,尤其金属反射地构成。在亮片的第二表面处的反光贡献于,复合玻璃从该侧表现为不透亮可见或透亮可见性强烈减少。同时,反射的类型、如例如强烈金属反射或相对无光泽贡献于立面造型并且可以个体化地使用。
优选地,亮片具有层构造,所述层构造包括装饰薄膜和吸光层。在此,装饰薄膜可以包括金属反射的聚合物薄膜,优选金属反射的聚酯薄膜。吸光层优选是吸光塑料膜,尤其是吸光地涂漆的或吸光地印刷的塑料膜,或者是装饰薄膜的吸光覆层。
优选的是,塑料膜是聚酯膜,尤其是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜。聚酯膜在制造复合玻璃时在层压过程中显示出特别好的稳定性,几乎没有扭曲和与层压膜的非常好的附着,使得多个亮片的形状在层压过程期间特别好地保持。优选地,装饰薄膜附加地也包括透明的聚合物薄膜和/或有色的覆层,其中有色的覆层设置在装饰薄膜的与吸光层相对置的侧上。有色的覆层尤其可以是经由印刷技术,例如升华印刷或数字印刷施加的覆层,替选地其也能够以漆的形式施加。
有利地,亮片在背离装饰薄膜的侧上在吸光层上具有粘胶层。这一方面在制造过程中能够实现亮片在第一层压膜上的简单的固定,并且通过在之后的安装状态中朝向室内的侧上的施加,再进一步地保护粘胶以防止由于日射而引起的分解。粘胶优选作为粘接薄膜以40μm至60μm的厚度施加。
有利地,装饰薄膜和吸光层共同具有在50μm和280μm之间的层厚度,尤其在60μm和180μm之间的层厚度。装饰薄膜在此优选具有在20μm至100μm的范围内的层厚度。
优选地,装饰薄膜和/或吸光层和/或反光层,尤其金属反光层具有明显小于其的层厚度,尤其在1μm至20μm的范围内的层厚度。
优选借助于装饰薄膜和/或吸光层和/或反光层的层复合结构能够实现在亮片处的尤其变换的或闪光的多色性的效果。
优选借助于装饰薄膜和/或吸光层和/或反光层的层复合结构能够实现在亮片处的3D效果或其他空间效果。例如可以在亮片处实现光学失真的凸状的或凹状的外观,如例如弯曲的镜反射的光学失真的,尤其凸状的或凹状的外观的效果。
在亮片处的多色性的效果和3D效果也可以借助于装饰薄膜和/或吸光层和/或反光层的层复合结构来组合。在一个改进方案中,多个亮片中的所有亮片具有相同的形状和尺寸并且规则地设置。借助所述改进方案实现一致的外观。
替选地,多个亮片中的亮片然而也可以具有不同的大小尺寸和/或不规则地设置。这允许在外观中的调整,例如在立面的较敏感的区域中的较紧密的布置或较大面积的覆盖,或在其他区域中的较大的间距或较小的亮片,以提高光入射。
形状、大小和布置也可以改变,以产生在外立面上的多个亮片的全貌的特定的显现为连续的形状。尤其,亮片的利用也能够实现在复合玻璃的高度或宽度上的图案分布,即例如亮片在玻璃板的下部区域中的更紧密的布置和在上部区域中的其他布置。优选地,亮片条形地、矩形地、圆形地或卵形地构成。
在所述改进方案的一个优选的变型形式中,形状、大小和布置的分布以优选连续增加或减小的趋势变化。例如,在优选方向上,在亮片之间的优选透明的间距的分布和/或其形状、大小和/或布置以增加的趋势或减少的趋势变化;即例如增加或减少。
亮片的大小尺寸优选在2mm至20mm之间的范围内。例如斑点状的、尤其圆形的或有角的亮片的平均直径在2mm至50mm之间的范围内,优选在2mm至20mm之间的范围内。例如扩展的、尤其条状的或直线地或弯曲地扩展的亮片的平均宽度可以在2mm至50mm之间的范围内,优选在2mm至20mm之间的范围内。亮片的大小尺寸然而不局限于此并且也可以是明显更大的。
在多个间隔开地设置的亮片之间的平均间距,尤其平均光学透明的间距可以处于2mm至50mm之间,优选2mm至20mm之间的相同的范围内,然而不局限于此并且也可以是明显更大的。
在一个有利的改进方案中,复合玻璃附加地包括设置在第一层压膜和第二层压膜之间的第一刚性塑料膜,其中多个亮片粘贴在第一刚性塑料膜的表面上。借助所述改进方案可以使在层压膜之间的多个亮片的布置中的可能的扭曲最小化,其中多个亮片粘贴在刚性塑料膜上。刚性塑料膜在层压过程中保持其形状从而多个亮片的布置也保持尽可能无扭曲。在其他实施方式中,布置的可能的扭曲即使在多个亮片初始设置在第一层压膜上时一起计算在内并且此外被补偿,以便在制成的复合玻璃中实现期望的布置。
在一个改进方案中,复合玻璃还包括第二刚性塑料膜,所述第二刚性塑料膜与第一刚性塑料膜连接成,使得多个亮片设置在第一和第二刚性塑料膜之间。
优选地,第一和/或第二刚性塑料膜是聚酯膜,尤其是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(PET膜)。也证实为有利的是,第一和/或第二刚性塑料膜是聚碳酸酯膜或是由透明的热塑性塑料构成的膜;这例如可以是由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯制成的薄膜(简称PMMA,也称为丙烯酸玻璃)。
在另一改进方案中,复合玻璃包括第三玻璃板,其中第三玻璃板和第一或第二玻璃板经由另一层压膜复合结构连接,所述另一层压膜复合结构具有第一和第二层压膜和多个具有第一吸光表面的亮片。借助所述实施方式,一方面可以将复合玻璃的安全方面相对于具有仅两个玻璃板和一个层压膜复合结构的实施方式进一步改进,另一方面具有亮片的另一层压膜复合结构的使用允许通过在不同的平面中设置亮片的三维的立面造型。
在安装状态中,根据本发明的第一方面的复合玻璃优选设置为,使得第一层压膜朝向室内而第二层压膜朝向室外。此外确保,复合玻璃允许向外看,然而阻止向内看。
根据第二方面,本发明涉及用于制造用于根据第一方面的复合玻璃或复合安全玻璃的层压膜复合结构的层压膜装置,所述层压膜装置包括层压膜和多个具有第一吸光表面的亮片,所述第一吸光表面固定在第一层压膜上,其作为用于制造根据本发明的复合玻璃或复合安全玻璃的半成品。层压膜装置以及下面描述的用于制造层压膜装置和复合玻璃的方法共有根据本发明的第一方面的复合玻璃的优点。
根据第三方面,本发明涉及一种用于制造用于复合玻璃或复合安全玻璃的层压膜复合件的层压膜装置的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
-提供装饰薄膜
-将吸光层在一侧施加在装饰薄膜上以制造层构造
-由所述层构造冲压或裁剪多个亮片
-将多个亮片转移到第一层压膜上
优选地,吸光层的单侧的施加作为吸光的塑料膜在装饰薄膜上的设置和固定进行。在一个替选的实施方式中,装饰薄膜以吸光的方式覆层,尤其涂漆。
在另一改进方案中,所述方法附加地包括:
-制造装饰薄膜,其包括如下步骤:
-提供金属反射的聚合物薄膜;
-将金属反射的聚合物薄膜有色地覆层和/或将金属反射的聚合物薄膜与尤其透明的聚合物薄膜连接。
在另一改进方案中,在转移多个亮片时将所述亮片直接转移到第一层压膜上,或者替选地将所述亮片首先转移到第一刚性塑料膜上并且随后与第一刚性塑料膜一起转移到第一层压膜上。优选地,在此将亮片施用和粘贴到第一刚性塑料膜或第一层压膜上。在一个实施方式中,所述方法附加地包括将粘胶层施加在吸光层上。
根据第四方面,本发明涉及一种用于制造复合玻璃的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
-提供按照根据本发明的第三方面的方法制造的层压膜装置
-设置第二层压膜以形成层压膜复合结构,使得多个亮片位于第一层压膜和第二层压膜之间
-提供两个玻璃板
-将所述层压膜复合结构引入到玻璃板之间并且层压复合玻璃。
借助同一方法也可以制造复合安全玻璃。
复合玻璃的层压在此在高压锅中或在层压炉中在热量、压力和/或真空的作用下进行。
附图说明
本发明的其他优点、特征和细节从下面对优选的实施例的描述中以及根据附图得出;所述附图示出:
图1示出根据本发明的第一方面的复合玻璃的一个实施方式的构造的示意图;
图2示出根据本发明的第一方面的复合玻璃的另一实施方式的构造的示意图;
图3示出根据本发明的第一方面的复合玻璃的另一实施方式的构造的示意图;
图4示例性地示出在刚性塑料膜上的多个亮片;
图5示例性地示出复合玻璃的一个实施方式;
图6示出根据本发明的第四方面的用于制造复合玻璃的方法的流程图;
图7示出根据本发明的第一方面的复合玻璃的另一实施方式的构造的示意图;
图8示出复合玻璃的一个实施方式的示例,其中实现一致的外观;
图9A、图9B、图9C、图9D示出在立面处的复合玻璃的示例,其中在实现匹配的外观的情况下多个亮片中的亮片具有不同的大小尺寸和/或不规则地设置;
图10示出具有与在图9A和图9C中类似的复合玻璃的立面的示例。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的第一方面的复合玻璃1000的一个实施方式的构造的示意图。复合玻璃1000在此以部分分解图示出。复合玻璃1000包括第一玻璃板100以及第二玻璃板200。在第一玻璃板100和第二玻璃板200之间设置有层压膜复合结构1001,所述层压膜复合结构具有第一层压膜110和第二层压膜210。层压膜复合结构与第一和第二玻璃板100、200连接。在第一层压膜110和第二层压膜210之间设置有多个亮片300。每个亮片在此具有吸光表面并且以所述吸光表面朝向第一层压膜110。在示出的实施方式中,亮片300具有层构造,所述层构造具有装饰薄膜和吸光层,以及粘胶层,所述粘胶层施加在吸光层的背离装饰薄膜的侧上并且借助所述粘胶层将亮片固定在第一层压膜110上。吸光层在此是装饰薄膜的黑色覆层。亮片300在此彼此间隔开地设置为,使得复合玻璃1000在亮片的吸光表面的侧上观察表现为透亮可见的。也就是说,以从第一玻璃板100到第二玻璃板200的观察方向,复合玻璃1000表现为对于观察者而言是透亮可见的,因为观察者自动地隐去吸光亮片。在示出的实施方式中,亮片在朝向第二层压膜210的侧上具有装饰薄膜,所述装饰薄膜在此金属反射地构成。因此从第二玻璃板200的侧朝第一玻璃板100的方向观察,复合玻璃对于观察者而言表现为不透亮可见的。在此,亮片的反射结构清楚地被感觉到从而使得穿过复合玻璃1000的视线变难。复合玻璃1000在一个实施方式中也可以构成为复合安全玻璃。
图2以示意图示出根据本发明的第一方面的复合玻璃的另一实施方式的构造。复合玻璃2000的在此示出的实施方式的构造类似于在图1中示出的复合玻璃1000的构造。因此,下面主要探讨不同之处。如已经鉴于图1所描述的那样,复合玻璃2000具有第一玻璃板101和第二玻璃板201,在所述第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板之间设置有层压膜复合结构,所述层压膜复合结构具有第一层压膜111和第二层压膜211。与图1的实施方式不同,在此亮片301不直接设置在第一层压膜111上和与所述第一层压膜粘结,而是设置在第一刚性塑料膜400上。所述第一刚性塑料膜400刚性地构成,也就是说,其在层压过程中保持其形状,并且多个亮片的布置,如其在制造过程开始所进行的布置,也在层压步骤期间保持尽可能不扭曲。第一刚性塑料膜在示出的实施方式中是聚酯膜,在此是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜。如已经鉴于图1所描述那样,亮片301是由装饰薄膜和吸光层构成的层结构,其中吸光层在此是黑色涂漆的聚酯膜。在示出的实施方式中,装饰薄膜具有23μm的厚度,而黑色涂漆的塑料膜具有125μm的厚度。亮片301经由胶粘薄膜粘贴到刚性塑料膜400上。胶粘薄膜在示出的实施方式中具有50μm的厚度。
在图3中以示意图示出复合玻璃3000的另一实施方式的构造。对于在图1中示出的构造附加地,复合玻璃3000包括第三玻璃板203以及另一层压膜复合结构3002,经由所述另一层压膜复合结构将第三玻璃板203与第二玻璃板202连接。在第二玻璃板202的背离第三玻璃板203的侧上如在图1中那样设置有第一玻璃板102,所述第一玻璃板同样经由层压膜复合结构3001连接,所述层压膜复合结构包括第一层压膜112和第二层压膜212,在其之间设置有多个亮片302。另一层压膜复合结构3002同样包括第一层压膜113和第二层压膜213,在其之间设置有多个亮片303。所述亮片间隔开,使得复合玻璃从第一玻璃板102的侧朝第三玻璃板203的方向观察还表现为是透亮可见的。层压膜复合结构3001的亮片302和另一层压膜复合结构3002的亮片303在此以其吸光表面分别朝向第一层压膜112、113,从而二者朝向第二玻璃板102。三个玻璃板的使用一方面提高复合玻璃整体的牢固性并且能够实现,在层压膜复合结构和玻璃板之间的附着略微较小的情况下也得到经认证的安全玻璃。另一方面经由在两个平面中设置亮片302、303可以实现空间效果,其进一步顺应立面的造型自由度。
在图4中示例性地示出在第一刚性塑料膜404上的多个亮片304。在此示出的亮片规则地施加,是条状的并且不仅具有相同的宽度而且具有彼此间保持不变的间距。在这里示出的示图中,可见亮片的金属反射的表面,所述表面在根据本发明的复合玻璃中朝向第二层压膜。
图5在内视图和外视图中示出根据本发明的第一方面的复合玻璃。在左侧的示图中,复合玻璃4000在外视图中示出,其中可见亮片305的反射表面,即第二玻璃板朝向观察者。复合玻璃4000的设有亮片305的部分在该视图中表现为不太透亮可见的,观察者的视线由反射的亮片305转向。相反地,在右侧上可见复合玻璃4000的内视图,即第二玻璃板朝向观察者。在此,亮片305的吸光表面朝向观察者。所述吸光表面由于与周围环境的强烈的对比度对观察者隐去,使得对于观察者而言复合玻璃4000在此表现为更透亮可见的。
图6示出根据本发明的第四方面的用于制造复合玻璃的方法的流程图。所述方法首先包括提供用于复合玻璃的层压膜复合结构的层压膜装置。在此,根据步骤S1a至S1d制造层压膜装置。在步骤S1a中提供装饰薄膜,在所述装饰薄膜上在步骤1b中在单侧施加吸光层以制造层构造。吸光层在此可以作为覆层施加或者经由将吸光塑料膜设置和固定在装饰薄膜上进行。在步骤S1c中,将多个亮片从层构造中冲压或裁剪。在步骤S1d中,将多个亮片转移到层压膜上。可选地,在冲压或裁剪多个亮片之前或之后将胶粘薄膜施加到亮片上,或者在冲压和裁剪之前施加到层构造上的情况下,在吸光层的侧上施加。
在经由步骤S1a至S1d提供层压膜装置之后,在步骤S2中设置第二层压膜,以形成层压膜复合结构,使得多个亮片位于第一和第二层压膜之间。在步骤S3中,随后提供两个玻璃板,在所述玻璃板之间在步骤S4中引入层压膜复合结构。随后同样在步骤S4中进行复合玻璃的层压。层压在此在热量、压力和/或真空下进行。
图7在示意图中示出根据本发明的第一方面的复合玻璃2000的另一实施方式的构造。所述构造基本上对应于在图2中示出的构造。这里示出的复合玻璃附加地具有第二刚性塑料膜401,所述第二刚性塑料膜与第一刚性塑料膜400连接为,使得多个亮片设置在第一和第二刚性塑料膜之间。此外,在此复合玻璃2000也具有第一玻璃板101和第二玻璃板201,在所述第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板之间设置有层压膜复合结构,所述层压膜复合结构具有第一层压膜111和第二层压膜211。亮片301粘贴在第一刚性塑料膜400上。第一刚性塑料膜401和第二刚性塑料膜在示出的实施方式中分别是聚酯膜,在此是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜。亮片301具有层结构,其由装饰薄膜和吸光层构成,其中吸光层在此是黑色涂漆的聚酯膜。
图8示出复合玻璃5000的实例,其中在实现一致的外观E的情况下,多个亮片500中的所有亮片具有相同的形状和大小并且规则地设置。亮片500设置在这里不可见的第一和第二层压膜之间,类似于这原则上根据前面的附图之一所阐述的那样。在本实例中,亮片500的在此示出的可见的、朝向第二层压膜的第二表面502金属反射地构成;亮片500的另外的(不可见的)、朝向第一层压膜的第一表面501当前黑色地构成。
由此,具有这种复合玻璃5000的(在此没有整体示出的)立面的外侧5000A是相对不透明的,也就是说从室外所述复合玻璃更加不透亮可见而从室内相对更加透亮可见;即如所阐述那样原则上在一侧从室内是透亮可见的。其他借助其实现的技术效果在于具有这样构成的单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃的建筑物内立面或外立面的结构的光学分辨率。
图9示出在立面6000处的复合玻璃6000A、6000B、6000C的示例,其中在实现匹配的外观E的情况下多个亮片中的亮片600A、600B、600C具有分别彼此不同的大小尺寸。附加地或替选地,亮片在复合玻璃中可以不规则地设置;后者在复合玻璃6000D中的亮片600D中是这种情况。
例如,沿优选方向,亮片600D之间的优选透明的间距A的分布V和/或亮片600A、600B、600C的形状、尺寸和/或布置G以增加的趋势或减少的趋势变化;即例如增加或减少。
在图9A至图9C中,在亮片600A、600B、600C之间的透明的间距A——在图9A中,亮片600A的形状是矩形的,在图9B和图9C中,亮片600B、600C的形状是圆的——分别对此是相对恒定的,并且亮片600A、600B、600C规则地设置;然而在图9A和图9C中,亮片600A、600C的大小的分布V例如从下方朝上方连续减少地变化,而在图9B中,亮片600B的大小的分布V例如从下方朝上方连续增加地变化。
单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃的借此实现的技术效果也在于,具有这样构成的(从内部)单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃的建筑物内立面或外立面处的尺寸的光学延伸或压缩。此外,在复合玻璃6000A、6000B、6000C的元件并排设置时在整个立面6000中以不同的表现可见,在整个立面6000后方的背景6000H;即穿过整个立面6000的外侧6000V观察,由于亮片600A、600B、600C的朝向室外、即指向整个立面6000的外侧6000V的反射率的第二表面602A、602B、602C,不再可见或仅还减弱地可见。在图9D中示出如下示例,其中在亮片600D之间的透明的间距A——在图9D中亮片600D的形状是圆的——不是恒定的,并且亮片600D不规则地设置。透明的间距A例如从下方朝上方增加并且亮片600D的大小尺寸G然而在此保持恒定。
单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃的由此实现的技术效果也在于,具有这样构成的(从内部)单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃6000D的建筑物内立面或外立面处的规则的结构的光学遮盖,并且还得出从(由内部)单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃至双侧透亮可见的复合玻璃6000D的例如从下方朝上方增加的分布V;也就是说朝向也从外部透亮可见的复合玻璃6000D。
在图9的所述实施方式中,亮片600A、600B、600C、600D的大小尺寸优选位于2mm至20mm之间的范围内。例如,呈斑点状的形状,尤其呈圆形的或有角的形状的亮片600A、600B、600C、600D的平均直径可以位于2mm至50mm之间的范围内,优选位于2mm至20mm之间的范围内。
例如,在与图4或图5类似的另一实施方式中,形状扩展的,尤其形状条状地或直线地或弯曲地扩展的亮片304、305的平均宽度位于2mm至50mm之间的范围内,优选位于2mm至20mm之间的范围内。然而,亮片的大小尺寸不局限于此并且所述亮片也可以是明显更大的。
在多个间隔开设置的亮片600A、600B、600C、600D之间的平均间距A,尤其平均光学透明的间距A可以位于2mm至50mm,优选2mm至20mm之间的相同的范围内,然而不局限于此并且也可以是明显更大的。
图10示出具有类似于图9A和图9C中的复合玻璃6000A、6000B、6000C的复合玻璃7001、7002、7003、7004等的元件的立面7000的示例;也就是说在复合玻璃7002、7003、7004等中在实现匹配的外观E的情况下,多个亮片中的亮片700分别具有在分布V1、V2中的不同的大小尺寸和形状G并且首先具有规则的间距A。
反射率拥有分布而且亮片700的大小的分布在分布V2中例如从下方朝上方持续减少地变化,而在分布V1中例如从上方朝下方连续减少地变化。
所述示例示出,一般而言并且与本示例无关地,除了所述形状、大小和间距以外,亮片的光学外表形态或光学效果也可以变化。
单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃的由此实现的技术效果也在于,从单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃至在立面的中点M处的双侧透亮可见的复合玻璃(即也从外部透亮可见的复合玻璃)例如从下方朝上方增加的光学分布V2;如这作为在图10中的外观E可见,相同的效果镜像颠倒地由立面7000的上侧实现,也就是说从单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃至在立面7000的中点M的双侧透亮可见的复合玻璃(即也从外部透亮可见的复合玻璃)的分布V1。
附图标记列表
1000;2000;3000;4000 复合玻璃
5000,6000A,6000B,6000C,6000D 复合玻璃
6000,7000 立面
1001;3001;3002 层压膜复合结构
100;101;102 第一玻璃板
200;201;202 第二玻璃板
203 第三玻璃板
110;111;112;113 第一层压膜
210;211;212;213 第二层压膜
300;301;302;303;304;305 亮片
400;404 第一刚性塑料膜
401 第二刚性塑料膜
500 亮片
501 亮片500的第一表面
502 亮片500的第二表面
600A,600B,600C,600D,700 亮片
602A,602B,602C 亮片600A,600B,600C的第二表面
G 亮片的形状、大小和/或布置
A 平均透明间距
V,V1,V2 分布
E 外观
M 立面的中心
6000H,6000V 立面6000的外侧,背景

Claims (21)

1.一种单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃(1000,2000,3000,4000,5000,6000A,6000B,6000C,6000D),尤其是复合安全玻璃,所述复合玻璃用于在房屋立面(6000,7000)中的安装状态或室内造型,所述复合玻璃包括第一和第二玻璃板(100,101,102,200,201,202)以及设置在所述第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板之间并且与所述第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板连接的层压膜复合结构(1001,3001,3002),所述层压膜复合结构具有第一层压膜(110,111,112,113)和第二层压膜(210,211,212,213),
其特征在于,
-在所述第一层压膜和第二层压膜之间设置有具有第一吸光表面(501)的多个亮片(300,301,302,303,304,305,500,600A,600B,600C,600D,700),以实现外观(E),其中
-所述亮片以所述吸光表面(501)朝向所述第一层压膜并且彼此间隔开地设置为,使得所述复合玻璃在所述亮片的所述吸光表面(501)的侧上观察表现为透亮可见的,
其中所述亮片的朝向所述第二层压膜的第二表面(502)反光地构成,其中所述复合玻璃在所述亮片的反光表面(502)的侧上观察表现为透亮可见性较小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃,
其中在所述安装状态中,所述第一层压膜(110,111,112,113)设为朝向室内,而所述第二层压膜(210,211,212,213)设置为朝向室外。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合玻璃,
其中多个亮片的形状、大小和布置是可变的,以在多个亮片朝向室外的外观中产生特定的表现为连续的形状。
4.根据上述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的复合玻璃,
其中在实现一致的外观的情况下,多个亮片中的所有亮片具有相同的形状和大小并且规则地设置。
5.根据上述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的复合玻璃,
其中在实现匹配的外观的情况下,多个亮片中的亮片具有不同的大小尺寸和/或不规则地设置。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的复合玻璃,
其中所述亮片的朝向所述第二层压膜的第二表面金属反射地构成,和/或其中所述亮片的朝向所述第一层压膜的第一表面黑色地构成。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的复合玻璃,
其中所述亮片具有层构造,所述层构造包括装饰薄膜和吸光层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的复合玻璃,
其中所述装饰薄膜包括金属反射的聚合物薄膜。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的复合玻璃,
其中所述吸光层是吸光的塑料膜或是所述装饰薄膜的吸光的覆层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的复合玻璃,
其中所述吸光的塑料膜是吸光地涂漆或印刷的塑料膜。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的复合玻璃,
其中所述塑料膜是聚酯膜,尤其是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜。
12.根据权利要求7至11中任一项所述的复合玻璃,
其中所述装饰薄膜附加地包括透明的聚合物薄膜和/或有色的覆层,其中所述有色的覆层设置在所述装饰薄膜的与所述吸光层相对置的侧上。
13.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的复合玻璃,所述复合玻璃附加地包括设置在所述第一层压膜和第二层压膜之间的第一刚性塑料膜,其中多个亮片粘贴在所述第一刚性塑料膜的表面上。
14.根据权利要求13所述的复合玻璃,所述复合玻璃还包括第二刚性塑料膜,所述第二刚性塑料膜与所述第一刚性塑料膜连接,使得多个亮片设置在所述第一刚性塑料膜和所述第二刚性塑料膜之间。
15.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的复合玻璃,所述复合玻璃包括第三玻璃板,其中所述第三玻璃板和所述第一玻璃板或第二玻璃板经由另外的层压膜复合结构连接,所述另外的层压膜复合结构具有第一层压膜和第二层压膜和带有第一吸光表面的多个亮片。
16.一种用于制造用于根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃的层压膜复合结构的层压膜装置,所述复合玻璃尤其是复合安全玻璃,所述复合玻璃用于在房屋立面中的安装状态或室内造型,所述层压膜装置包括第一层压膜和带有第一吸光表面的多个亮片,所述第一吸光表面在产生外观的情况下固定在所述第一层压膜上,其中
-所述亮片以所述吸光表面朝向所述第一层压膜并且彼此间隔开地设置为,使得所述复合玻璃在所述亮片的所述吸光表面的侧上观察表现为透亮可见的,其中
-所述亮片的朝向所述第二层压膜的第二表面反光地构成,其中所述复合玻璃在所述亮片的反光表面的侧上观察表现为透亮可见性较低,
-尤其其中在所述安装状态中,所述第一层压膜设为朝向室内,而所述第二层压膜设为朝向室外。
17.一种用于制造用于根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃的层压膜复合结构的层压膜装置的方法,所述复合玻璃尤其是复合安全玻璃,所述复合玻璃用于在房屋立面中的安装状态或室内造型,所述方法包括如下步骤:
-提供装饰薄膜;
-将吸光层在单侧施加在所述装饰薄膜上以制造层构造;
-从所述层构造中冲压或裁剪多个亮片;
将多个亮片转移到第一层压膜上,以在所述第一层压膜上产生外观,其中
-所述亮片以所述吸光表面朝向所述第一层压膜并且彼此间隔开地设置为,使得所述复合玻璃在所述亮片的所述吸光表面的侧上观察表现为透亮可见的,其中
-所述亮片的朝向第二层压膜的第二表面反光地构成,其中所述复合玻璃在所述亮片的所述反光表面的侧上观察表现为透亮可见性较小,
-尤其其中在所述安装状态中,所述第一层压膜设为朝向室内,而所述第二层压膜设为朝向室外。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,
其中在单侧施加吸光层作为将吸光的塑料膜设置和固定在所述装饰薄膜上进行。
19.根据权利要求17或18所述的方法,所述方法附加地包括:
-制造装饰薄膜,包括如下步骤:
-提供金属反射的聚合物薄膜;
-将所述金属反射的聚合物薄膜有色地覆层和/或将所述金属反射的聚合物薄膜与尤其透明的聚合物薄膜连接。
20.根据权利要求17至19中任一项所述的方法,
其中在转移多个亮片时
-将所述亮片直接转移到所述第一层压膜上,或
-将所述亮片首先转移到第一塑料膜,尤其刚性的塑料膜,优选聚酯膜上,并且随后与所述第一聚酯膜一起转移到所述第一层压膜上。
21.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的单侧透亮可见的复合玻璃的方法,所述复合玻璃尤其是复合安全玻璃,所述复合玻璃用于在房屋立面中的安装状态或室内造型,所述方法包括如下步骤:
-提供按照根据权利要求17至20中任一项所述的方法制造的层压膜装置;
-设置第二层压膜以形成层压膜复合结构,使得多个亮片位于所述第一层压膜和第二层压膜之间;
-提供两个玻璃板;
-将所述层压膜复合结构引入到所述玻璃板之间并且层压所述复合玻璃。
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