CN102433504A - Steel for medium/heavy duty vehicle gear shaft blank in cross wedge rolling process and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Steel for medium/heavy duty vehicle gear shaft blank in cross wedge rolling process and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides steel for a medium/heavy duty vehicle gear shaft blank in the cross wedge rolling process and a preparation method thereof. The steel comprises the following chemical compositions by weight percent: 0.37%-0.44% of C, 0.15%-0.35% of Si, 0.55%-0.90% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.030%of P, less than or equal to 0.035% of S, 0.85%-1.25% of Cr, 0.15%-0.35% of Mo, 0.02%-0.05% of Ti, 0.020%-0.050% of Alt, less than or equal to 2.5*10<-4>% of H, 30*10<-4>%-70*10<-4>% of N, less than or equal to 15*10<-4>% of T.O and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the steel alloy class in the metallurgical technology field, specifically, relate to a kind of cross wedge rolling produce in/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank is with steel and method of manufacture thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the Domestic Automotive Industry high speed development, the automobile component production demonstrates the situation that grows continuously and fast.Receive the influence of factors such as national domestic demand investment, large-engineering put into operation in succession, the logistics market boom, the development prospect of heavily blocking market is the most good.At present; The gearbox gear axis blank that large-lot producer such as horse, north benz all generally adopt cross wedge rolling technique to produce in China FAW company, company of Second Automobile Works, China heavy vapour company, Shandong casual labourer, Jiangxi dragon worker group, the Zhejiang is produced automobile and is used gear shaft; Its consumption constantly enlarges, and is also increasingly high to the requirement of its over-all properties.
The automobile gear axle is the strength member of wheel box, is typical automobile axial workpiece, has the characteristics of elongated and many steps.The main effect of gear shaft is the support rotary part, realizes turning motion and transmits commentaries on classics distance and power, possesses series of advantages such as transmission efficiency height, compact construction and long service life, is one of strength member of automobile and engineering machinery rotation.Gear shaft is the mainly effect of withstanding shocks property load, moment of torsion and bending load in operation process, also bears the torsional load effect because of friction and installation error generation simultaneously, bears repeated stress or repeated stress.Therefore; Require gear shaft to have enough intensity and toughness, good anti-fatigue performance, surface that good abrasion resistance and shock resistance are arranged, the height of indexs such as its intensity, rigidity and fatigue lifetime directly has influence on the stability of car transmissions and the security of car load; Require to use steel to have good hardening capacity and characteristics such as grain fineness, cleanliness factor height, gas and nonmetal inclusion content are low, otherwise gear shaft very easily rupture.
The traditional technology of producing axial workpiece is die forging on forging hammer or hotdie forging press, but the forging precision that this explained hereafter goes out is low, material use efficiency is low, process redundancy is big, and the appearance of cross wedge rolling technique has solved this difficult problem effectively.Cross wedge rolling is a plastic making new technology of cutting or not having cut less, with its continuous, partial forming mode, demonstrates special advantage at the manufacture view of step shaft and slewing parts.Become the section ladder part with cross wedge rolling technique production rotational symmetry, that is, the solid and hollow products of rail vehicle axletree, automobile axle, motor shaft, dilatory arbor and other machine parts can replace forging base and rough turn processing.This technology has good product quality, high, the characteristics such as metal consumption is low, equipment is simple, energy-conserving and environment-protective of production efficiency.Adopt cross wedge rolling to produce axial workpiece and compare comprehensive cost with forging method and on average descend about 30%, meet green, energy-saving automobile developing direction with steel.
At present, the wedge rolling production line that China has gone into operation has more than 100, is widely used for the production of axles such as automobile, tractor, motorcycle, oil engine type blank part.According to statistics, whole nation year in 2009 needed an axle type blank be about 1,500 ten thousand tons, pressed wedge rolling fraction of coverage 40% and calculated, and reached 6,000,000 tons/year.Along with the high speed development of Domestic Automotive Industry, the cross wedge rolling with plurality of advantages will obtain using more widely in axial workpiece producing automobile.
Traditional technology such as cross wedge rolling and forging compares the overall quality of steel and has higher requirement, and mainly comprises: molten steel cleanness is high, and it is low to have extremely low oxygen level, gas and an inclusion content; Dense structure's property of steel, good uniformity, banded structure rank low (≤2 grades) have good macrostructure, loose and segregation rank low (≤2); Good surface quality, grain fineness (>=7 grades); Terminal narrow property stablizes, with narrow (≤6), favorable extensibility ability, good pressure machining characteristics and comprehensive mechanical performance.
For a long time; The user mainly adopts traditional steel grade such as 40Cr, 20CrMnTiH, 20CrMo, 35CrMo, 42CrMo to produce the gear shaft product; Along with the automobile product upgrading, above-mentioned steel grade is because the limitation of hardening capacity and performance can not satisfy the high use properties of automobile; Particularly/heavy-load automobile is with HS, large section gear shaft performance requriements, especially can not satisfy adopt cross wedge rolling produce in/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank makes the performance requriements of gear shaft.Therefore; On the basis of existing traditional mode of production gear axle-steel; Can requirement according to wedge rolling production technology characteristic and gear shaft with rigidity; Through appropriate design steel grades, innovation preparation method, in making/heavy-load automobile gear axle-steel satisfies performance requriements, the gear shaft blank that particularly satisfy to adopt the wedge rolling complete processing to produce make in/performance requriements of heavy-load automobile gear shaft, gear shaft processing enterprise in downstream saved energy and reduce the cost, reduces production costs etc. to have great importance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ability satisfy in/cross wedge rolling of the HS of heavy-load automobile, the performance requriements of large section gear shaft produce in/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank is with steel and method of manufacture thereof.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of cross wedge rolling produce in/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank uses steel, said in/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank uses the chemical ingredients mass percent of steel to be C:0.37%～0.44%; Si:0.15%～0.35%, Mn:0.55%～0.90%, P≤0.030%; S≤0.035%, Cr:0.85%～1.25%, Mo:0.15%～0.35%; Ti:0.02%～0.05%, Alt:0.020%～0.050%, H≤2.5 * 10
-4%, N:30 * 10
-4%～70 * 10
-4%, T.O≤15 * 10
-4%, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
More preferably, during cross wedge rolling is produced/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank uses the chemical ingredients mass percent of steel to be C:0.39%～0.41%, Si:0.20%～0.28%; Mn:0.70%～0.80%, P≤0.018%, S≤0.010%; Cr:1.00%～1.10%, Mo:0.18%～0.22%, Ti:0.03%～0.04%; Alt:0.020%～0.040%, H≤2.0 * 10
-4%, N:30 * 10
-4%～70 * 10
-4%, T.O≤15 * 10
-4%, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
In order to realize another object of the present invention, provide a kind of cross wedge rolling produce in/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank is with the method for manufacture of steel, refining at the beginning of said method comprises, refining, vacuum refinement, continuous casting, rolling and finishing; Wherein, in the said operation of refining just, molten iron ratio >=55wt% in the burden structure; In no slag or the few slag tapping process; Add carbon dust in advance according to actual terminal point C content, add the mixing slag charge that fritting lower melting point slag supplying agent and lime are formed then, wherein; Fritting lower melting point slag supplying agent mixes by weight 1: 1 with lime in the mixing slag charge, and the add-on of mixing slag charge is 10kg/t steel～15kg/t steel in the ladle; In said refining procedure, the operation of skimming after the refining and before the vacuum refinement operation, taking off the quantity of slag is 1/3-3/5; In continuous casting working procedure, cast back strand is gone into the burial pit slow cooling, slow cooling time >=24h.
More preferably, the staple of slag supplying agent can be Al
2O
3: 40wt%～55wt%, SiO
2: 5wt%～10wt%, CaO:20wt%～30wt%, MgO:3wt%～8wt%.
More preferably, in the said operation of refining just, first furnace is electric furnace or converter, and mixed carbon comtent is 1.20wt%～4.30wt%, and control just furnace smelting endpoint C is 0.12wt%～0.25wt%, P≤0.015wt%, and tapping temperature is 1620 ℃～1665 ℃.
More preferably, in the said operation of refining just, add mix slag charge after, add alloy and contain aluminium deoxidizer, wherein, said alloy is at least a in silicomanganese, ferrochrome or the molybdenum-iron, the add-on that contains aluminium deoxidizer is 1.2kg/t steel～2.0kg/t steel.
More preferably, in refining procedure, refining furnace adopts the LF stove; Adopt the complex deoxidization mode deoxidation of carbon dust+silit diffusive deoxidation and the strong deoxidation of feeding aluminum steel, before the tapping of LF stove, feed aluminium content in the aluminum steel adjustment steel, the feeding silicon-calcium wire is done rotten the processing and deep deoxidation to inclusion; Wherein, The addition of carbon dust+silit is 2kg/t steel～4kg/t steel, the addition of aluminum steel be 0.6kg/t steel～1kg/t to carry out strong deoxidation, the add-on of silicon-calcium wire is 0.01kg/t steel～0.1kg/t steel.
More preferably, in the vacuum refinement operation, vacuum refining furnace adopts VD stove or RH stove, and vacuum refining furnace is 13min～18min in the following hold-time of vacuum tightness 67Pa, H after the vacuum-treat≤2.0 * 10
-4Wt%, molten steel are after atmospheric pressure state is got back in vacuum refinement, and control argon bottom-blowing flow is 120L/min～260L/min, and pressure is 0.20MPa～0.40Mpa, and keeping the soft blow time is 12min～25min, and wherein, the soft blow state is top of the slag fine motion, and molten steel is not exposed.
More preferably, in continuous casting working procedure, the cast of molten steel full guard, ladle and tundish are all added a cover insulation, and tundish molten steel face adopts high basicity insulating covering agent of low-carbon (LC) and carbonization rice husk double-layer heat insulation, adopts (M+F) combination induction stirring, the low overheat cast.
More preferably; Just refining in the operation; In tapping process, carry out Argon and stir, it is 1.40MPa～0.80Mpa that the early stage of tapping, mid-term are controlled argon pressure, and later stage control argon pressure is 0.60MPa～0.20Mpa; Before the back of furnace tapping finishing just went to the refining station to molten steel, the control argon flow amount was for making top of the slag fine motion.
More preferably, in refining procedure, the LF stove refining white slag hold-time is>=15min that control finishing slag staple is that CaO is 45wt%～55wt%, SiO
2Be 12wt%～15wt%, Al
2O
3Be 15wt%～20wt%, FeO+MnO≤1.0wt%.
More preferably, in refining procedure, the refining of LF stove makes molten steel realize narrow Composition Control, same batch of C: ± 0.01wt%, Si, Al: ± 0.03wt%, Mn, Cr: ± 0.02wt%, Mo: ± 0.01wt%, Ti: ± 0.010wt%.
More preferably; In continuous casting working procedure, continuous casting is normally poured into a mould tundish molten steel liquid level 800mm～850mm, and electric mixing parametric is M-EMS 200A/3HZ and F-EMS 100A/12HZ; Molten steel cast superheating temperature is 15 ℃～25 ℃, and the specific water is 0.30L/kg～0.35L/kg.
More preferably, in continuous casting working procedure, strand straightening temperature >=910 ℃.
More preferably; In rolling process, Heating temperature is 1150 ℃～1200 ℃ when rolling, and allowing the temperature difference is≤30 ℃; Be 2.5h～3.5h heat-up time; Start rolling temperature is 1100 ℃～1180 ℃, and finishing temperature is 930 ℃～1000 ℃, rolls back slow cooling and controlled chilling speed and be 0.5 ℃/min～1.5 ℃/min.
Embodiment
Below, will specify embodiments of the invention.
The object of the invention be primarily aimed at present China automobile gear axle-steel commonly used can not satisfy in/HS of heavy-load automobile, the performance requriements of large section gear shaft; Especially can not satisfy adopt cross wedge rolling produce in/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank makes the performance requriements of gear shaft; Therefore propose a kind of in/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank is with steel and preparation method thereof, in making/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank satisfies performance requriements, particularly satisfies and adopt in the gear shaft blank manufacturing that the wedge rolling complete processing produces/performance requriements of heavy-load automobile gear shaft with steel.
According to the present invention, a kind of utilize cross wedge rolling produce in/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank uses the chemical ingredients of steel to be C:0.37wt%～0.44wt%, Si:0.15wt%～0.35wt%; Mn:0.55wt%～0.90wt%, P≤0.030wt%, S≤0.035wt%; Cr:0.85wt%～1.25wt%, Mo:0.15wt%～0.35wt%, Ti:0.02wt%～0.05wt%; Alt:0.020wt%～0.050wt%, H≤2.5 * 10
-4Wt%, N:30 * 10
-4Wt%～70 * 10
-4Wt%, T.O≤15 * 10
-4Wt%, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Preferred chemical ingredients mass percent is C:0.39wt%～0.41wt%, Si:0.20wt%～0.28wt%, Mn:0.70wt%～0.80wt%; P≤0.018wt%, S≤0.010wt%, Cr:1.00wt%～1.10wt%; Mo:0.18wt%～0.22wt%; Ti:0.03wt%～0.04wt%, Alt:0.020wt%～0.040wt%, H≤2.0 * 10
-4Wt%, N:30 * 10
-4Wt%～70 * 10
-4Wt%, T.O≤15 * 10
-4Wt%, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Therefore; According in the wedge rolling production of the present invention/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank is to be on the basis of steel alloy composition with Cr-Mo in orthodox car axle class with steel; Further optimized composition design; Ti:0.02wt%～0.05wt%, Alt:0.020wt%～0.050wt% in the control steel, T.O≤15 * 10
-4Wt%, H≤2.5 * 10
-4Wt%, N:30 * 10
-4Wt%～70 * 10
-4Wt% makes full use of and produces AlN, Ti (NC) pinning crystal boundary in aluminium deoxidation, titanium fixed nitrogen and the process of setting, hinders the effect of grain growth, significantly improves the grain fineness number of the cleanliness factor and the stocking of molten steel.
To describe in detail below in producing according to wedge rolling of the present invention/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank is with the preparation method of steel.
According in the wedge rolling production of the present invention/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank comprises with the preparation method of steel: process steps such as refining just, refining, vacuum refinement, continuous casting, rolling, finishing, concrete steps are following:
(1) refining just
Just furnace is electric furnace or converter, and first furnace adopts the burden structure of " steel scrap+molten iron ", molten iron ratio >=55wt% in the burden structure, and mixed carbon comtent can be 1.20wt%～4.30wt%.
In first refining process, accomplish the decarburization dephosphorization of molten steel, the simultaneous oxidation decarburization balances the boiling, and removes section H and N in the steel.Control is furnace smelting endpoint C:0.12wt%～0.25wt% just, P≤0.015wt%, and tapping temperature is 1620 ℃～1665 ℃.
No slag or few slag tapping are adopted in tapping, and specifically, tapping process is along steel stream; According to actual terminal point C content, add an amount of carbon dust in advance, the back adds mixing slag charge, the alloy of fritting lower melting point slag supplying agent and lime composition and contains aluminium deoxidizer; Molten steel carried out deoxidation and slag to be carried out upgrading handle; Wherein, fritting lower melting point slag supplying agent mixes by weight 1: 1 with lime in the slag charge, and the slag charge add-on is 10kg/t steel～15kg/t steel in the ladle; Described alloy is silicomanganese, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron etc., but the invention is not restricted to this, and concrete alloy adds kind and add-on is decided according to the composition of steel; The add-on that contains aluminium deoxidizer is 1.2kg/t steel～2.0kg/t steel.For example, the staple of slag supplying agent is: Al
2O
3: 40wt%～55wt%, SiO
2: 5wt%～10wt%, CaO:20wt%～30wt%, MgO:3wt%～8wt%, slag supplying agent of the present invention is not limited thereto, as long as can satisfy the fusing point that reduces slag and have the function of refining slag, covers electric arc, dross inclusion adsorption etc. like foaming.
More preferably, in tapping process, carry out Argon and stir, it is 1.40MPa～0.80Mpa that the early stage of tapping, mid-term are controlled argon pressure, and later stage control argon pressure is 0.60MPa～0.20Mpa; Before the back of furnace tapping finishing just went to the refining station to molten steel, the control argon flow amount was advisable with top of the slag fine motion.
(2) refining
Refining furnace adopts the LF stove, send electrochemical slag, residue adjustment, line feeding, stirring at refining furnace, carries out the deoxidization desulfuration of molten steel, and removal is mingled with, adjustment composition, processing such as controlled temperature.Adopt the complex deoxidization mode deoxidation of carbon dust+silit diffusive deoxidation and the strong deoxidation of feeding aluminum steel; The feeding silicon-calcium wire is done rotten the processing and deep deoxidation to inclusion before the tapping; Wherein, The addition of carbon dust+silit is 2kg/t steel～4kg/t steel, and the addition of aluminum steel is 0.6kg/t steel～1kg/t carrying out strong deoxidation, and the add-on of silicon-calcium wire is 0.01kg/t steel～0.1kg/t steel.
Preferably, after the LF stove tapping, go into the operation of skimming before the vacuum refining furnace, taking off the quantity of slag is 1/3-3/5.
More preferably, the LF stove refining white slag hold-time is>=15min that control finishing slag staple is: (CaO) 45wt%～55wt%, (SiO
2) 12wt%～15wt%, (Al
2O
3) 15wt%～20wt%, (FeO)+(MnO)≤1.0wt%.In addition, the refining of LF stove makes molten steel realize narrow Composition Control, makes C: ± 0.01wt% in same batch, Si, Al: ± 0.03wt%, Mn, Cr: ± 0.02wt%, Mo: ± 0.01wt%, Ti: ± 0.010wt%.
(3) vacuum refinement
Vacuum refining furnace adopts VD stove or RH stove, and mainly accomplish molten steel and take off H, and further promote inclusion floating, cleaning molten steel, vacuum refining furnace is 13min～18min in the following hold-time of vacuum tightness 67Pa, H after the vacuum-treat≤2.0 * 10
-4Wt%.Molten steel is after atmospheric pressure state is got back in vacuum refinement, and control argon bottom-blowing flow is 120L/min～260L/min, and pressure is 0.20MPa～0.40Mpa, and keeping the soft blow time is 12min～25min, and wherein, the soft blow state is top of the slag fine motion, and molten steel is not exposed.The purpose of soft blow is to promote floating foreign in the molten steel, so the enough soft blow time must be arranged.
(4) continuous casting
Continuous casting is carried out " stationary temperature, permanent pulling rate, constant level " operation; Use the cast of molten steel full guard; Continuous casting is normally poured into a mould tundish molten steel liquid level 800mm～850mm, and ladle and tundish are all added a cover insulation, and tundish molten steel face employing high basicity insulating covering agent of low-carbon (LC) and carbonization rice husk double-layer heat insulation, employing (M+F) are made up (promptly; Association type stirs) induction stirring, electric mixing parametric is that M-EMS 200A/3HZ and F-EMS 100A/12HZ low overheat are poured into a mould and molten steel cast superheating temperature is 15 ℃～25 ℃.After the cast, strand is gone into the burial pit slow cooling, and slow cooling time >=24h, specific water are 0.30L/kg～0.35L/kg.
More preferably, in continuous casting working procedure, strand straightening temperature >=910 ℃, pulling rate control sees the following form.
The control of table 1 continuous casting pulling rate
| Specifications section (mm * mm) | Pulling rate span of control (m/min) |
| 260×300 | 0.60-0.70 |
| 180×220 | 1.0-1.10 |
(5) rolling
Strict each road defective material molded dimension of control must not reverse in the operation of rolling.The processing parameter of rolling process is: Heating temperature is 1150 ℃～1200 ℃ when rolling; Allowing the temperature difference is≤30 ℃; Be 2.5h～3.5h heat-up time, and start rolling temperature is 1100 ℃～1180 ℃, and finishing temperature is 930 ℃～1000 ℃; The stocking specification is that φ 80mm～φ 150mm rolls the back slow cooling, and controlled chilling speed is 0.5 ℃/min～1.5 ℃/min.
(6) finishing
Roll the back steel and will carry out the finishing reconditioning, the steel end want sawing neatly, burr will remove totally, can can't harm surface or inner flaw detection to steel in case of necessity.
The processing condition that do not add qualification among the above preparation method all can be with reference to this area routine techniques.
Concrete method of manufacture according to foregoing description can know that advantage of the present invention is:
The first, the burden structure in the first refining process of control, that is, and molten iron ratio >=55wt% in the burden structure; The advantage of molten iron ratio >=55wt% is to have improved burden structure, and the content of impurity, residual element is low in the molten iron, and carbon content is high, contains the chemical heat that produces in a large amount of physics heat and the reaction process simultaneously; Can reduce residual element content in the steel, improve mixed carbon comtent, increase decarburized amount; Strengthen the degassing of molten steel etc.,, improve steel performance and lay the foundation for producing cleanness steel liquid.
The second, adopt no slag or few slag tapping, and in the electric furnace steel tapping process, add carbon dust in advance; The back adds the mixing slag charge of fritting lower melting point slag supplying agent and lime composition; Thereby molten steel is carried out deoxidation and slag is carried out the upgrading processing, that is, reduce the content of dissolved oxygen in the steel as early as possible; The utmost point is slagging early, for refining furnace has been created good condition; The benefit that adds carbon dust in advance is that carbon dust produces CO gas and do not pollute molten steel and stir molten steel in deoxidation, helps slagging and slag-metal reaction as early as possible.
The 3rd, after refining, remove refining slag, taking off the quantity of slag is 1/3-3/5, for the VD degassing and further dross inclusion adsorption, creates good condition.
The 4th, in continuous casting working procedure, strand is gone into the burial pit slow cooling, slow cooling time >=24h, thus alleviating thermal stresses, the structural stress of continuously cast bloom, the diffusion that helps gas in the steel is overflowed, and reduces the continuously cast bloom internal stress, improves continuous casting billet quality.
In addition; According in the cross wedge rolling production of the present invention/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank satisfies special complete processing of steel and final use properties requirement with steel; The preparation process also has following characteristics: the refining of LF stove utilizes carbon dust+silit diffusive deoxidation and technology and vacuum deaeration refinings such as the complex deoxidization mode deoxidation that feeds the strong deoxidation of aluminum steel, the refining of high basicity refining slag, narrow Composition Control, and reasonable Argon stirs system and the measures such as enough vacuum outgas time, soft blow time that guarantee have guaranteed the stability of the cleanliness factor and the composition of molten steel through formulating; Continuous casting is through adopting measures such as " three permanent operations ", full guard cast, (M+F) combination induction stirring and low overheat cast; Rolling process through system rational temperature system, roll the postcooling system, intensifies process control and finishing reconditioning have guaranteed strand inside and surface quality, have guaranteed that cleanliness factor, homogeneity of structure and the narrow hardenability band of steel controlled requirement.
Through in adopting that above-mentioned preparation method produces/heavy-load automobile gear axle-steel steel have dense structure, even (macrostructure≤1.0 grade; Banded structure≤1.0 grade); Cleanliness factor high (non-metallic inclusion A, B≤1.0 grade, C, D≤0.5 grade); Crystal grain tiny (>=9 grades), narrow characteristics such as (≤5) are stablized, are with to terminal hardening capacity, satisfies the strict demand of wedge rolling complete processing to the steel performance index.
To describe in detail according to a particular embodiment of the invention below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following examples.
The technological process of production is: electric arc furnace just refines → LF refining furnace → VD vacuum refining furnace → bloom continuous casting → Φ 650 mill millings → finishing → warehouse-in.
Produce 5 heats, numbering 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#.
1, electric arc furnace smelting
Burden structure is steel scrap+molten iron, molten iron ratio >=55wt%; 4 wall lance oxygen decarburizations are main, and the decarburization of 1 fire door oxygen gun blowing is auxilliary; Combine winding-up carbon dust making foamed slag with oxygen blast; Lime slag making dephosphorization with addition of 35kg/t～50kg/t; Eccentric bottom tapping stays steel to stay slag operation; Tapping process, argon bottom-blowing stirs, slag charge add-on 10kg/t～15kg/t in the ladle.Press heat, the major control processing parameter is listed in table 2.
Table 2 electric arc furnace smelting main technologic parameters
2, the LF refining furnace is smelted
Adopt carbon dust+silit diffusive deoxidation, analyze once feeding aluminum steel deep deoxidation before the appearance, close on tapping before, the calcareous processing of feeding calcium line.Major control processing parameter and finishing slag staple are listed in table 3 and table 4 respectively.
Table 3LF refining major control processing parameter
Table 4LF refining finishing slag staple (mass percent, %)
| The heat numbering | CaO | SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | FeO | MnO |
| 1# | 53.81 | 13.83 | 17.82 | 0.19 | 0.01 |
| 2# | 52.26 | 14.21 | 16.31 | 0.22 | 0.01 |
| 3# | 53.50 | 13.98 | 17.70 | 0.24 | 0.01 |
| 4# | 52.45 | 14.20 | 16.95 | 0.30 | 0.01 |
| 5# | 5172 | 14.56 | 17.40 | 0.31 | 0.01 |
3, VD stove vacuum refinement
Ladle is gone into before the VD stove, removes the refining slag about 50%; Ladle is to furnaceman VD position, and thermometric vacuumizes and carries out the vacuum outgas processing, and the major control processing parameter is listed in table 5.
Table 5VD stove vacuum refinement control process parameters
4, continuous casting
Continuous caster three machines three stream casting blank specification 260mm * 300mm.Continuous casting adopts the protection of big bag long nozzle argon envelope, and tundish adds high basicity insulating covering agent of low-carbon (LC) and carbonization rice husk double-layer heat insulation, tundish molten steel liquid level 800mm～850mm, mold submerged nozzle protection pouring type.Hydraulic non-sine oscillation; Mould liquid level is controlled automatically; (M+F) combination induction stirring, electricity stirs parameter: M-EMS 200A/3HZ, F-EMS 100A/12HZ; Two cold employings dynamically control gas one fog cooling a little less than cold mode; Strand is gone into the burial pit slow cooling, slow cooling time >=24h.The continuous casting control process parameters is listed in table 6.
Table 6 continuous casting control process parameters
5, rolling
Heating temperature is 1150 ℃～1200 ℃ when rolling, allows the temperature difference≤30 ℃, heat-up time 2.5h～3.5h, 1100 ℃～1180 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, 850 ℃～950 ℃ of finishing temperatures, the round steel of rolling specs Φ 95mm.Rolling control process parameters is listed in table 7.
The rolling control process parameters of table 7
| The heat numbering | Heating temperature, ℃ | Heat-up time, h | Start rolling temperature, ℃ | Finishing temperature, ℃ |
| 1# | 1190 | ?3.0 | 1130 | 980 |
| 2# | 1200 | ?3.2 | 1131 | 982 |
| 3# | 1194 | ?3.2 | 1133 | 983 |
| 4# | 1190 | ?3.1 | 1126 | 976 |
| 5# | 1187 | ?3.1 | 1125 | 974 |
6, result data
(1) composition
Become to be respectively in table 8 in the embodiment of the invention steel.
Composition in table 8 steel of the present invention (mass percent, %)
(2) stocking service check result
Table 9, table 10 and table 11 are listed in embodiment of the invention steel low power, micro test and jominy test respectively.
Table 9 steel macrostructure of the present invention
Table 10 steel micro test of the present invention
The terminal hardening capacity of table 11 steel of the present invention
Can find out by table 8, according to of the present invention utilize cross wedge rolling production in/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank realized narrow Composition Control with the chemical ingredients of steel.
Can be found out that by table 9 to table 11 gear shaft blank of cross wedge rolling production that utilizes according to the present invention has dense structure, even with the steel steel, cleanliness factor is higher, and crystal grain is tiny, and characteristics such as narrow are stablized, are with to terminal hardening capacity.
Although described and shown concrete embodiment in detail, scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.Under all situations that does not break away from spirit of the present invention and instruction, can carry out various forms of modifications and modification to embodiment.The invention is intended to cover all falls into by all variants and modifications in claim and the equivalent restricted portion thereof.
Claims (15)
1. during a cross wedge rolling is produced/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank uses steel, it is characterized in that said in/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank uses the chemical ingredients mass percent of steel to be C:0.37%～0.44%, Si:0.15%～0.35%; Mn:0.55%～0.90%, P≤0.030%, S≤0.035%; Cr:0.85%～1.25%, Mo:0.15%～0.35%, Ti:0.02%～0.05%; Alt:0.020%～0.050%, H≤2.5 * 10
-4%, N:30 * 10
-4%～70 * 10
-4%, T.O≤15 * 10
-4%, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2. during cross wedge rolling as claimed in claim 1 is produced/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank uses steel, in it is characterized in that/the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank uses the chemical ingredients mass percent of steel to be C:0.39%～0.41%, Si:0.20%～0.28%; Mn:0.70%～0.80%, P≤0.018%, S≤0.010%; Cr:1.00%～1.10%, Mo:0.18%～0.22%, Ti:0.03%～0.04%; Alt:0.020%～0.040%, H≤2.0 * 10
-4%, N:30 * 10
-4%～70 * 10
-4%, T.O≤15 * 10
-4%, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
3. during a cross wedge rolling is produced/and the heavy-load automobile gear shaft blank is with the method for manufacture of steel, and refining at the beginning of said method of manufacture comprises, refining, vacuum refinement, continuous casting, rolling and finishing is characterized in that:
In the said operation of refining just; Molten iron ratio >=55wt% in the burden structure in no slag or the few slag tapping process, adds carbon dust according to actual terminal point C content in advance; Add the mixing slag charge that fritting lower melting point slag supplying agent and lime are formed then; Wherein, fritting lower melting point slag supplying agent mixes by weight 1: 1 with lime in the mixing slag charge, and the add-on of mixing slag charge is 10kg/t steel～15kg/t steel in the ladle;
In said refining procedure, the operation of skimming after the refining and before the vacuum refinement operation, taking off the quantity of slag is 1/3-3/5;
In continuous casting working procedure, cast back strand is gone into the burial pit slow cooling, slow cooling time >=24h.
4. method of manufacture according to claim 3; It is characterized in that: in the said operation of refining just; Just furnace is electric furnace or converter, and mixed carbon comtent is 1.20wt%～4.30wt%, and control just furnace smelting endpoint C is 0.12wt%～0.25wt%; P≤0.015wt%, tapping temperature is 1620 ℃～1665 ℃.
5. method of manufacture according to claim 3; It is characterized in that: in the said operation of refining just; After adding the mixing slag charge, add alloy and contain aluminium deoxidizer, wherein; Said alloy is at least a in silicomanganese, ferrochrome or the molybdenum-iron, and the add-on that contains aluminium deoxidizer is 1.2kg/t steel～2.0kg/t steel.
6. method of manufacture according to claim 3 is characterized in that: in refining procedure, refining furnace adopts the LF stove; Adopt the complex deoxidization mode deoxidation of carbon dust+silit diffusive deoxidation and the strong deoxidation of feeding aluminum steel; The feeding silicon-calcium wire is done rotten the processing and deep deoxidation to inclusion before the tapping, and wherein, the addition of carbon dust+silit is 2kg/t steel～4kg/t steel; The addition of aluminum steel be 0.6kg/t steel～1kg/t to carry out strong deoxidation, the add-on of silicon-calcium wire is 0.01kg/t steel～0.1kg/t steel.
7. method of manufacture according to claim 3 is characterized in that: in the vacuum refinement operation, vacuum refining furnace adopts VD stove or RH stove, and vacuum refining furnace is 13min～18min in the following hold-time of vacuum tightness 67Pa, H after the vacuum-treat≤2.0 * 10
-4Wt%, molten steel are after atmospheric pressure state is got back in vacuum refinement, and control argon bottom-blowing flow is 120L/min～260L/min, and pressure is 0.20MPa～0.40Mpa, and keeping the soft blow time is 12min～25min, and wherein, the soft blow state is top of the slag fine motion, and molten steel is not exposed.
8. method of manufacture according to claim 3 is characterized in that: in continuous casting working procedure, and the cast of molten steel full guard; Ladle and tundish are all added a cover insulation; Tundish molten steel face adopts high basicity insulating covering agent of low-carbon (LC) and carbonization rice husk double-layer heat insulation, adopts M+F combination induction stirring, the low overheat cast.
9. method of manufacture according to claim 3; It is characterized in that: just refining in the operation; In tapping process, carry out Argon and stir, it is 1.40MPa～0.80Mpa that the early stage of tapping, mid-term are controlled argon pressure, and later stage control argon pressure is 0.60MPa～0.20Mpa; Before the back of furnace tapping finishing just went to the refining station to molten steel, the control argon flow amount was for making top of the slag fine motion.
10. method of manufacture according to claim 3 is characterized in that: in refining procedure, the LF stove refining white slag hold-time is>=15min that control finishing slag staple is that CaO is 45wt%～55wt%, SiO
2Be 12wt%～15wt%, Al
2O
3Be 15wt%～20wt%, FeO+MnO≤1.0wt%.
11. method of manufacture according to claim 10 is characterized in that: in refining procedure, the refining of LF stove makes molten steel realize narrow Composition Control; Same batch of C: ± 0.01wt%, Si, Al: ± 0.03wt%, Mn, Cr: ± 0.02wt%; Mo: ± 0.01wt%, Ti: ± 0.010wt%.
12. method of manufacture according to claim 8; It is characterized in that: in continuous casting working procedure; Continuous casting is normally poured into a mould tundish molten steel liquid level 800mm～850mm; The electricity mixing parametric is M-EMS 200A/3HZ and F-EMS 100A/12HZ, and molten steel cast superheating temperature is 15 ℃～25 ℃, and the specific water is 0.30L/kg～0.35L/kg.
13. method of manufacture according to claim 12 is characterized in that: in continuous casting working procedure, strand straightening temperature >=910 ℃.
14. method of manufacture according to claim 3; It is characterized in that: in rolling process, Heating temperature is 1150 ℃～1200 ℃ when rolling, and allowing the temperature difference is≤30 ℃; Be 2.5h～3.5h heat-up time; Start rolling temperature is 1100 ℃～1180 ℃, and finishing temperature is 930 ℃～1000 ℃, and controlled chilling speed is 0.5 ℃/min～1.5 ℃/min.
15. method of manufacture according to claim 3, the staple that it is characterized in that slag supplying agent is Al
2O
3: 40wt%～55wt%, SiO
2: 5wt%～10wt%, CaO:20wt%～30wt%, MgO:3wt%～8wt%.
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