CN102011062A - Easy-cutting gear steel and smelting method thereof - Google Patents
Easy-cutting gear steel and smelting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses easy-cutting gear steel and a smelting method thereof. The steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1 to 0.35% of carbon, 0.15 to 0.45% of silicon, 0.60 to 1.50% of manganese, 0.001 to 0.03% of phosphorus, 0.015 to 0.030% of sulfur, 0.080 to 1.50% of chromium, 0.03 to 0.12% of titanium, 0.01 to 0.10% of aluminum, 0.005 to 0.30% of nickel, 0.005 to 0.20% of molybdenum, 0.005 to 0.20% of copper, 0.004 to 0.015% of nitrogen, and the balance of iron. In the smelting method for the easy-cutting gear steel, a sectional type calcium processing technology is adopted, the problem that both total oxygen content and sulfur content in steel are guaranteed in the process of producing gear steel is solved, and the smelting method of the easy-cutting gear steel, provided by the invention, has the advantage of greater economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of iron and steel smelting, particularly a kind of free-cutting pinion steel and smelting process thereof
Background technology
Gear is the important drive disk assembly of automobile and machinery manufacturing industry, and Pinion Steel is a critical material of making automobile, machine driven system gear, bar class and shaft element, and is extremely strict to its specification of quality.But because at present general Pinion Steel alloy content is bigger, steel grade hardness is higher, makes the process for processing of gear relatively more difficult.Pinion Steel should guarantee that mechanical property has good machinability again, this with regard to make the content of sulphur and oxygen in the steel become the pinion rigidity can key parameter, increased the difficulty of protecting the sulphur deoxidation when gear steel is smelted.
In prior art, many pieces of bibliographical informations and patented technology are arranged about the production of Pinion Steel.Publication number is the production method that the Chinese patent of CN101306435 discloses a kind of Pinion Steel, and the component of steel (weight percent) is: carbon 0.10%～0.35%, silicon 0.15%～0.45%, manganese 0.60%～1.50%, phosphorus≤0.03%, sulphur≤0.045%, chromium 0.80%～1.50%, titanium 0.03%～0.12%, aluminium 0.01%～0.10%, nickel≤0.30%, molybdenum≤0.20%, copper≤0.20%, nitrogen 0.004%～0.015%, iron surplus.The technical process of this method comprises that converter is just refined → ladle refining furnace refining or vacuum degassing furnace refining → continuous casting → tandem rolling.This method substitutes electric furnace with converter and produces Pinion Steel, and is with short production cycle, energy consumption is low, but the Pinion Steel sulphur content that adopts this kind method to produce still is higher.Publication number is the manufacture method that the Chinese patent of CN1664150A discloses a kind of sulfur-containing free-cutting pinion steel and steel pipe thereof, the component of steel (weight percentage) is: C:0.20%～0.25%, Si≤0.30%, Mn:0.60%～0.85%, P＜0.035%, S:0.03%～0.05%, Cr:0.8%～1.10%, Al:0.02%～0.055%, [O]≤20PPm, surplus is Fe.Smelt by this composition, mould is annotated steel ingot, steel ingot cogging.The heating of pipe blank temperature is 1200～1250 ℃, 1100～1150 ℃ of hot-puncturing process texturing temperatures, and dynamic recrystallization takes place in the high-temperature zone in deformed austenite.Work hardening takes place in 1000～1050 ℃ of tube rolling texturing temperatures, deformed austenite in the non-recrystallization district.The compensation Heating temperature is 980～1020 ℃, and static recrystallize takes place austenite.Fixed, tube reducing operation, texturing temperature is 900～950 ℃, accumulation work hardening takes place in deformed austenite.Cut off the back and collect cooling in heap, speed of cooling is 0.5～1.0 ℃/s.This steel pipe hot rolling attitude is organized and is added perlite by ferrite fully and constitute, hardness HB163～195, but the sulphur content in this patent middle gear steel still is higher.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of is raw material to contain vanadium-titanium-iron-water, utilize the production method of the free-cutting pinion steel of sectional type calcium treatment process, this method should guarantee entire oxygen content in the steel content in having solved and having produced, and guarantees the contradiction of sulphur content again, has bigger economic benefit.
A kind of free-cutting pinion steel, its component percentage ratio by weight are: carbon 0.10%～0.35%, silicon 0.15%～0.45%, manganese 0.60%～1.50%, phosphorus 0.001%～0.03%, sulphur 0.015%～0.030%, chromium 0.80%～1.50%, titanium 0.03%～0.12%, aluminium 0.01%～0.10%, nickel 0.005%～0.30%, molybdenum 0.005%～0.20%, copper 0.005%～0.20%, nitrogen 0.004%～0.015%, surplus is an iron.Preferably, the component of free-cutting pinion steel percentage ratio by weight is: carbon 0.20%～0.3%, silicon 0.2%～0.4%, manganese 0.8%～1.2%, phosphorus 0.01%～0.03%, sulphur 0.015%～0.025%, chromium 0.90%～1.40%, titanium 0.04%～0.10%, aluminium 0.01%～0.09%, nickel 0.01%～0.20%, molybdenum 0.01%～0.15%, copper 0.01%～0.15%, nitrogen 0.005%～0.01%, surplus is an iron.
A kind of smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel, comprise following technology: hot metal pretreatment → vanadium extraction by converter blowing → converter smelting → refining slag pre-treatment → ladle refining furnace refining → vacuum outgas processing → billet continuous casting, it is characterized in that having adopted sectional type calcium to handle, may further comprise the steps:
To deliver to the ladle refining heating station by the pretreated molten steel of refining slag, and in ladle, add refining slag 3～5kg/t half steel and aluminum shot 0.3～0.8kg/t half steel, behind the refining 30-60min, in ladle, feed SiCa line 0.2～0.5kg/t molten steel, set off behind the soft blow argon 5-10min, out-station temperature is 1650-1680 ℃;
Ladle behind the ladle refining is delivered to the vacuum-treat of vacuum outgas section, and vacuum tightness is 12～15min less than the treatment time of 3mbar, adds aluminium alloy, and the aluminium content in the molten steel is controlled at 0.03%～0.05%; Add sulphur-containing alloys behind the vacuum-treat 6-10min, the sulphur-containing alloys add-on is controlled at 0.015%～0.028% according to the sulphur content decision of entering the station with sulphur content in the molten steel; After the alloying, make molten steel at the mobile 5-10min of vacuum chamber internal recycle, make composition even, vacuum breaker is fed SiCa line 0.1～0.5kg/t molten steel in ladle, quiet 8-15min departures, out-station temperature 1570-1590 ℃ ℃ of blowing.
According to the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel of the present invention, described hot metal pretreatment technology sulphur content percentage ratio by weight is≤0.100%.
According to the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel of the present invention, behind the described vanadium extraction by converter blowing contain in the vanadium titanium " half steel " sulphur content by weight percentage ratio be≤0.100%.
According to the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel of the present invention, the sulphur content behind the described converter smelting in molten steel percentage ratio by weight is 0.03%～0.08%.
According to the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel of the present invention, the sulphur content after the described refining slag pre-treatment in vanadium-bearing hot metal percentage ratio by weight is 0.015%～0.03%.
According to the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel of the present invention, the sulphur content in described ladle refining furnace molten steel after refining percentage ratio by weight is that sulphur is 0.010%～0.030%.
According to the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel of the present invention, in the molten steel after described vacuum outgas is handled the content of sulphur by weight percentage ratio be 0.015%～0.030%.
According to the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel of the present invention, described sulphur alloy sulfur-bearing component percentage ratio by weight is: sulphur 27%～30%, and carbon 0.5%, silicon 0.5%, phosphorus 0.05%, all the other are iron.
According to the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel of the present invention, the enter the station sulphur-containing alloys add-on of sulphur content decision of described basis calculates according to following formula:
According to the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel of the present invention, described SiCa line is a cored-wire, the thick 0.35～0.40mm of shell band steel, core powder substance 130～150g/m, its SMIS powder calcium contents percentage ratio by weight is 24%～32%, silicon 55%～65%, and all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities.
Description of drawings
By the description of carrying out below in conjunction with exemplary drawings, above-mentioned and other purposes of the present invention and characteristics will become apparent, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of free-cutting pinion steel smelting process of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below, describe embodiments of the invention in detail with reference to accompanying drawing.
At step S10, carry out pre-treatment to containing vanadium-titanium-iron-water.Desulfurization a little less than iron ladle carries out composite blowing, the described winding-up time is 8～15min, sweetening agent is lime and deactivating magnesium powder, the consumption of lime is 2～6kg/t molten iron, the consumption of deactivating magnesium powder is 0.1～0.5kg/t molten iron, take desulfurization slag then off, obtain low-sulfur and contain vanadium-titanium-iron-water, after pre-treatment in the molten iron sulphur content by weight percentage ratio be≤0.100%.
At step S20, will contain vanadium-titanium-iron-water and add vanadium extraction by converter blowing.In containing vanadium-titanium-iron-water, add refrigerant, and adopt 339 oxygen rifles to carry out oxygen supply and blow vanadium, and in stove, adding iron scale and magnesia carries out residue adjustment, control blow end point temperature is 1660-1700 ℃, pushing off the slag goes out half steel and vanadium slag, and the sulphur content in half steel percentage ratio by weight is≤0.100%.
At step S30, converter smelting.The half steel produced is added steel-making converter smelt, go into that sulphur content is 0.050%～0.100% in the half steel of stokehold, and adopt 536 oxygen rifles to carry out the decarburization of oxygen supply slag making dephosphorization, according to going into the stove sulphur content, the add-on and the basicity of slag of control slag former.Adopt the single slag process dephosphorization, converter slag-making generally adopts quickened lime, composite fluxing medium, high magnesium lime and sludge ball of steel smelting, and in order to guarantee the effect of dephosphorization, basicity is controlled at 2.0～3.0.Behind the converter smelting in the molten steel sulphur content by weight percentage ratio be 0.030%～0.080%.
At step S40, in the forward direction ladle of coming out of the stove, add first refining slag and aluminium alloy reductor, first refining slag and aluminium alloy reductor were added in the ladle in the very first time, the very first time is the time period that adds 30% molten steel in ladle, the add-on of refining slag is 4～8kg/t half steel, the aluminium alloy reductor can be used ferro-aluminum, amounts to into add-on 1.5～2.0kg/t half steel behind the fine aluminium according to the aluminum content of aluminium alloy.Add ferrochrome and carburelant and carry out molten steel alloying and carburetting in tapping process, add properties-correcting agent after having gone out steel on the ladle top of the slag, add-on is 2.5～3.5kg/t molten steel, promptly gets the molten steel of deoxidation alloying.There is no particular limitation for refining slag, can be the conventional various refining slags that use in this area.Under the preferable case, meeting the performance requriements of Pinion Steel in order to make prepared steel billet, is benchmark with the gross weight of described refining slag, and the component of described refining slag percentage ratio by weight is: CaO65%～85%, SiO
2≤ 5%, Al
2O
3≤ 3%, Na
2O2%～54%, CaF
27%～15%, MgO≤6%.Described refining slag can make by the method for routine, being about to quickened lime, fluorite and calcined soda for industry and carrying out uniform mixing and make, can be that 80%～85% quickened lime adds that the ratio of 15%～20% fluorite directly adds in the molten steel in percentage ratio by weight in smelting process also.Sulphur content after the refining slag pre-treatment in the vanadium-bearing hot metal is 0.015%～0.03%.
At step S50, molten steel behind the deoxidation alloying is added ladle refining furnace, and in molten steel, add second batch of refining slag and aluminum shot, second batch of refining slag adds in molten steel all adds the time period that begins to ladle refining in the ladle, add-on 3～5kg/t half steel, aluminum shot add-on 0.3～0.8kg/t half steel.Behind the refining 30-60min, feed SiCa line 0.2～0.5kg/t molten steel in ladle, set off behind the soft blow argon 5-10min, the ladle refining out-station temperature is 1650-1680 ℃.Described SiCa line is a cored-wire, the thick 0.35～0.40mm of shell band steel, and core powder substance: 130～150g/m, its SMIS powder calcic percentage ratio by weight is 24%～32%, and silicon percentage ratio by weight is 55%～65%, and all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities.Sulphur content in the ladle refining furnace molten steel after refining is that sulphur is 0.010%～0.030%.
At step S60, the ladle behind the ladle refining is delivered to the vacuum-treat of vacuum outgas section, vacuum tightness is 12～15min less than the treatment time of 3mbar, adds aluminium alloy, aluminium alloy is controlled at 0.03%～0.05% with aluminium; Add sulphur-containing alloys behind the vacuum-treat 6-10min, the sulphur-containing alloys add-on is controlled at 0.015%～0.028% according to the sulphur content decision of entering the station with sulphur; After the alloying, make molten steel at the mobile 5-10min of vacuum chamber internal recycle, make composition even, vacuum breaker is fed SiCa line 0.10～0.50kg/t molten steel in ladle, the quiet 8-15min that blows, departures then, out-station temperature 1570-1590 ℃.In the molten steel after vacuum outgas is handled the content of sulphur by weight percentage ratio be 0.015%～0.030%.The add-on of sulphur-containing alloys is calculated as follows:
At step S70, ladle is sent to continuous casting.It is 200mm * 200mm Pinion Steel strand product that molten steel in this ladle is promptly obtained section by Technologies such as continuous casting protection cast or crystallizer induction stirring.
In the smelting process, the control of sulphur content is as follows, at first at hot metal pretreatment technology, sulphur content by weight percentage ratio be controlled at≤0.100%, the sulphur content that contains vanadium ferrotianium molten iron behind the converter extracting vanadium is≤0.100%, behind the converter smelting in the molten steel sulphur content be 0.030%～0.080% by weight percentage,, the sulphur content after the described refining slag pre-treatment in the vanadium-bearing hot metal is 0.015%～0.03%.Sulphur content in the ladle refining furnace molten steel after refining is that sulphur is 0.010%～0.030%.In the molten steel after vacuum outgas is handled the content of sulphur by weight percentage ratio be 0.015%～0.030%.
After the vacuum-treat station is handled 6-10min, add sulphur-containing alloys according to the molten steel sulphur content that enters the station, sulphur-containing alloys component percentage ratio by weight is: sulphur 27%～30%, carbon≤0.5%, silicon≤0.5%, phosphorus≤0.05%, all the other are Fe.The recovery rate of sulphur-containing alloys is 85%～95%.
There is no particular limitation in the present invention for described aluminium alloy reductor, can be the aluminium alloy reductor of various routines, yet, in order to reach better deoxidation effect, reduce the total oxygen content in the steel billet that makes, described aluminium alloy reductor is preferably ferro-aluminum, gross weight with ferro-aluminum is a benchmark, described ferro-aluminum contains 38%～42% Al (weight percentage) and 45%～55% Fe (weight percentage), can also contain the Si (weight percentage) below 1.5% in the described ferro-aluminum, the P of C below 1.5% (weight percentage) and trace, S or other unavoidable impurities.
Usually in order to guarantee the effect that heats up, the outer ladle refining process of stove generally needs to the molten steel Argon, but this process Argon can improve desulfurization degree, therefore protects sulphur and intensification in order to take into account molten steel, needs the control argon blowing rate.The main purpose of feeding the SiCa line in the outer ladle refining departures of the stove forward direction ladle is that sulfide in the molten steel and oxide inclusion are carried out denaturing treatment, reaches and reduces sulphide grade and improve watering property of molten steel.In order to guarantee to feed the effect of SiCa line, need outside stove, to stove, be blown into argon gas in the ladle refining departures forward direction molten steel after feeding the SiCa line by ladle refining, be called the soft blow argon.To on the basis of described reductor deoxidation, the total oxygen content that further reduce in the Finished Steel just needs to reduce nonmetallic inclusionsin steel content.Though the described non-metallic inclusion of part can float by nature, most inclusion metallic still is retained in the molten steel.Therefore, between vacuum-treat and continuous-casting of steel billet, also comprise usually in the molten steel in described ladle being blown into the step of argon gas, thereby impel described non-metallic inclusion come-up, reach the effect of the total oxygen content in the further reduction Finished Steel.Above-mentioned ladle refining furnace Argon process also has the effect that impels described non-metallic inclusion come-up.Ladle refining and vacuum processing technique are blown in the process of argon gas outside above-mentioned stove, the flow of argon gas with than the relation that stirs merit as shown in the formula:
Wherein, Q
ArFlow (cubic meters per minute) for argon gas; ω is than stirring merit, and is described than stirring the ratio that merit refers to stir the weight of the molten steel that merit and described smelting obtain; Wg is the weight (ton) of the molten steel that obtains of described smelting; T
1Be liquid steel temperature (K); T
nBe temperature of argon gas (K); H
oThe degree of depth (rice) for molten steel in the described ladle; P
2Be top of the slag argon gas export pressure, can be 8～10KPa, described top of the slag argon gas export pressure refers to the pressure that argon gas will bear when overflowing the lip-deep slag charge of molten steel in the ladle.The ω of the outer ladle refining heat-processed Argon of above-mentioned stove is 40～50 watts/ton; The ω of the Argon process between LF feeds behind the SiCa line to the ladle refining furnace departures is 15～30 watts/ton, and the described time that is blown into argon gas is preferably 5～10 minutes usually more than 5 minutes.The ω of above-mentioned RH Argon process is 10～20 watts/ton, and the described time that is blown into argon gas is preferably 8～15 minutes usually more than 6 minutes.Handle station in vacuum outgas and take Argon equally, remove the molten steel inclusion, reduce T[O] content.
The various details specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Carry out pre-treatment to containing vanadium-titanium-iron-water, after pre-treatment in the molten iron S content by weight percentage ratio be 0.100%.To contain vanadium-titanium-iron-water is raw material, its main component (weight percentage) is: carbon 4.08%, vanadium 0.29%, manganese 0.18%, sulphur 0.088%, phosphorus 0.071%, silicon 0.22%, titanium 0.17%, this molten iron is blended into the 120t blowing vanadium extracting bessemerizes, the amount of being blended into is 135t.The half steel composition (weight percentage) that obtains behind the vanadium extraction by converter blowing is: carbon 3.40%, manganese 0.07%, phosphorus 0.062%, sulphur 0.080%, vanadium 0.031%, all the other are iron and impurity.Contain that sulphur content is 0.100% by weight percentage in the vanadium titanium " half steel " behind the vanadium extraction by converter blowing.
The half steel of producing is blended into the 120t steel converter that blows again smelts, the amount of being blended into is 135t, and adopts 536 oxygen rifles to carry out the decarburization of oxygen supply slag making dephosphorization.Behind the converter smelting in the molten steel sulphur content by weight percentage ratio be 0.030%.
Molten steel behind the converter smelting is sent to the refining slag pre-treatment.Sulphur content after the refining slag pre-treatment in the vanadium-bearing hot metal is 0.015%.
To deliver to the ladle refining heating station by the pretreated molten steel of refining slag, and in ladle, add refining slag 3kg/t half steel and aluminum shot 0.3kg/t half steel, behind the refining 30min, in ladle, feed SiCa line 0.20kg/t molten steel, set off behind the soft blow argon 5min, out-station temperature is 1650 ℃; Sulphur content in the ladle refining furnace molten steel after refining is that sulphur is 0.010%.
Ladle behind the ladle refining is delivered to the vacuum-treat of vacuum outgas section, and vacuum tightness is 12min less than the treatment time of 3mbar, adds aluminium alloy, and aluminium alloy is controlled at 0.03% with the aluminium content in the molten steel; Add sulphur-containing alloys behind the vacuum-treat 6min, the sulphur-containing alloys add-on is controlled at 0.015% according to the sulphur content decision of entering the station with sulphur; After the alloying, allow molten steel at the mobile 5min of vacuum chamber internal recycle, make composition even, vacuum breaker is fed SiCa line 0.10kg/t molten steel in ladle, quiet 8min departures, 1570 ℃ of the out-station temperatures of blowing.In the molten steel after vacuum outgas is handled the content of sulphur by weight percentage ratio be 0.015%.
Wherein, the SiCa line is a cored-wire, the thick 0.35mm of shell band steel, and core powder substance 130g/m, its SMIS powder calcic percentage ratio by weight is 24%, silicon 55%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities.
Then ladle is sent to continuous casting.It is 200mm * 200mm Pinion Steel strand product that molten steel in this ladle promptly obtains section by continuous casting protection cast or crystallizer induction stirring technology.The component of this Pinion Steel product is a carbon 0.10%, silicon 0.15%, and manganese 0.60%, phosphorus 0.001%, sulphur 0.015%, chromium 0.80%, titanium 0.03%, aluminium 0.01%, nickel 0.005%, molybdenum 0.005%, copper 0.005%, nitrogen 0.004%, surplus is an iron.
Continuously cast bloom is rolled into Φ 45 round steel, the grading of round steel inclusion is as shown in table 1, according to " GB/T10561---2005 " the ranking method grading, category-A, category-B, C class, D class are represented different types of inclusion, progression is represented inclusion what in steel, progression is more little, and the expression nonmetallic inclusionsin steel is few more, and the quality of steel is good more.Pinion Steel according to above method preparation satisfies service requirements.
The grading of table 1 Φ 45 round steel inclusiones
Embodiment 2
Carry out pre-treatment to containing vanadium-titanium-iron-water, after pre-treatment in the molten iron S content by weight percentage ratio be 0.080%.To contain vanadium-titanium-iron-water is raw material, and its main component (weight percentage) is: carbon 3.88%, vanadium 0.27%, manganese 0.21%, sulphur 0.099%, phosphorus 0.073%, silicon 0.21%, titanium 0.15%; This molten iron is blended into the 120t blowing vanadium extracting bessemerizes, the amount of being blended into is 134t, and the half steel composition that obtains behind the vanadium extraction by converter blowing is: carbon 3.30%, manganese 0.08%, phosphorus 0.065%, sulphur 0.079%, vanadium 0.029%, all the other are iron and impurity.Contain that sulphur content is 0.090% by weight percentage in the vanadium titanium " half steel " behind the vanadium extraction by converter blowing.
The half steel of producing is blended into the 120t steel that blows again carries out converter smelting, the amount of being blended into is 134t, and adopts 536 oxygen rifles to carry out the decarburization of oxygen supply slag making dephosphorization.Behind the converter smelting in the molten steel sulphur content by weight percentage ratio be 0.080%.
Molten steel behind the converter smelting is sent to the refining slag pre-treatment.Sulphur content after the refining slag pre-treatment in the vanadium-bearing hot metal is 0.03%.
To deliver to the ladle refining heating station by the pretreated molten steel of refining slag, and in ladle, add refining slag 5kg/t half steel and aluminum shot 0.8kg/t half steel, behind the refining 60min, in ladle, feed SiCa line 0.50kg/t molten steel, set off behind the soft blow argon 10min, out-station temperature is 1680 ℃; Sulphur content in the ladle refining furnace molten steel after refining is that sulphur is 0.03%.
Ladle behind the ladle refining is delivered to the vacuum-treat of vacuum outgas section, and vacuum tightness is 15min less than the treatment time of 3mbar, adds aluminium alloy, and aluminium alloy is controlled at 0.05% with the aluminium content in the molten steel; Add sulphur-containing alloys behind the vacuum-treat 10min, the sulphur-containing alloys add-on is controlled at 0.028% according to the sulphur content decision of entering the station with sulphur; After the alloying, allow molten steel at the mobile 10min of vacuum chamber internal recycle, make composition even, vacuum breaker is fed SiCa line 0.50kg/t molten steel in ladle, quiet 15min departures, 1590 ℃ of the out-station temperatures of blowing.In the molten steel after vacuum outgas is handled the content of sulphur by weight percentage ratio be 0.03%.
Wherein, the SiCa line is a cored-wire, the thick 0.40mm of shell band steel, and core powder substance 150g/m, its SMIS powder calcic percentage ratio by weight is 32%, silicon 65%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities.
Then ladle is sent to continuous casting.It is 200mm * 200mm Pinion Steel strand product that molten steel in this ladle promptly obtains section by continuous casting protection cast or crystallizer induction stirring technology.The component of this Pinion Steel product is a carbon 0.35%, silicon 0.45%, and manganese 1.5%, phosphorus 0.01%, sulphur 0.03%, chromium 1.5%, titanium 0.12%, aluminium 0.1%, nickel 0.30%, molybdenum 0.20%, copper 0.20%, nitrogen 0.015%, surplus is an iron.
Continuously cast bloom is rolled into Φ 40 round steel, the grading of round steel inclusion is as following table 2, according to " GB/T10561---2005 " the ranking method grading, category-A, category-B, C class, D class are represented different types of inclusion, progression is represented inclusion what in steel, progression is more little, and the expression nonmetallic inclusionsin steel is few more, and the quality of steel is good more.Pinion Steel according to above method preparation satisfies service requirements.
Table 2 Φ 40 round steel inclusiones grading table
Embodiment 3
Carry out pre-treatment to containing vanadium-titanium-iron-water, after pre-treatment in the molten iron S content by weight percentage ratio be 0.050%.To contain vanadium-titanium-iron-water is raw material, and its main component (weight percentage) is: carbon 4.13%, vanadium 0.27%, manganese 0.16%, sulphur 0.079%, phosphorus 0.075%, silicon 0.24%, titanium 0.15%; This molten iron is blended into the 120t blowing vanadium extracting bessemerizes, the amount of being blended into is 135t.The half steel composition (weight percentage) that obtains behind the vanadium extraction by converter blowing is: carbon 3.30%, manganese 0.05%, phosphorus 0.072%, sulphur 0.077%, vanadium 0.028%, all the other are iron and impurity.Contain that sulphur content is 0.070% by weight percentage in the vanadium titanium " half steel " behind the vanadium extraction by converter blowing.
The half steel of producing is blended into the 120t steel that blows again carries out converter smelting, the amount of being blended into is 134t, and adopts 536 oxygen rifles to carry out the decarburization of oxygen supply slag making dephosphorization.Behind the converter smelting in the molten steel sulphur content by weight percentage ratio be 0.060%.
Molten steel behind the converter smelting is sent to the refining slag pre-treatment.Sulphur content after the refining slag pre-treatment in the vanadium-bearing hot metal is 0.02%.
To deliver to the ladle refining heating station by the pretreated molten steel of refining slag, and in ladle, add refining slag 4kg/t half steel and aluminum shot 0.7kg/t half steel, behind the refining 50min, in ladle, feed SiCa line 0.40kg/t molten steel, set off behind the soft blow argon 8min, out-station temperature is 1670 ℃; Sulphur content in the ladle refining furnace molten steel after refining is that sulphur is 0.02%.
Ladle behind the ladle refining is delivered to the vacuum-treat of vacuum outgas section, and vacuum tightness is 14min less than the treatment time of 3mbar, adds aluminium alloy, and aluminium alloy is controlled at 0.04% with the aluminium content in the molten steel; Add sulphur-containing alloys behind the vacuum-treat 9min, the sulphur-containing alloys add-on is controlled at 0.025% according to the sulphur content decision of entering the station with sulphur; After the alloying, allow molten steel at the mobile 9min of vacuum chamber internal recycle, make composition even, vacuum breaker is fed SiCa line 0.40kg/t molten steel in ladle, quiet 12min departures, 1580 ℃ of the out-station temperatures of blowing.In the molten steel after vacuum outgas is handled the content of sulphur by weight percentage ratio be 0.02%.
Then ladle is sent to continuous casting.It is 200mm * 200mm Pinion Steel strand product that molten steel in this ladle promptly obtains section by continuous casting protection cast or crystallizer induction stirring technology.The component of this Pinion Steel product is a carbon 0.25%, silicon 0.4%, and manganese 1.4%, phosphorus 0.02%, sulphur 0.02%, chromium 1.4%, titanium 0.11%, aluminium 0.09%, nickel 0.2%, molybdenum 0.1%, copper 0.1%, nitrogen 0.01%, surplus is an iron.
Continuously cast bloom is rolled into Φ 45 round steel, the grading of round steel inclusion is as shown in table 3, according to " GB/T10561---2005 " the ranking method grading, category-A, category-B, C class, D class are represented different types of inclusion, progression is represented inclusion what in steel, progression is more little, and the expression nonmetallic inclusionsin steel is few more, and the quality of steel is good more.Pinion Steel according to above method preparation satisfies service requirements.
The grading of table 3 Φ 45 round steel inclusiones
Embodiment 4
Carry out pre-treatment to containing vanadium-titanium-iron-water, after pre-treatment in the molten iron S content by weight percentage ratio be 0.040%.To contain vanadium-titanium-iron-water is raw material, and its main component (weight percentage) is: carbon 4.13%, vanadium 0.27%, manganese 0.16%, sulphur 0.079%, phosphorus 0.075%, silicon 0.24%, titanium 0.15%; This molten iron is blended into the 120t blowing vanadium extracting bessemerizes, the amount of being blended into is 135t.The half steel composition (weight percentage) that obtains behind the vanadium extraction by converter blowing is: carbon 3.30%, manganese 0.05%, phosphorus 0.072%, sulphur 0.077%, vanadium 0.028%, all the other are iron and impurity.Contain that sulphur content is 0.050% by weight percentage in the vanadium titanium " half steel " behind the vanadium extraction by converter blowing.
The half steel of producing is blended into the 120t steel that blows again carries out converter smelting, the amount of being blended into is 134t, and adopts 536 oxygen rifles to carry out the decarburization of oxygen supply slag making dephosphorization.Behind the converter smelting in the molten steel sulphur content by weight percentage ratio be 0.050%.
Molten steel behind the converter smelting is sent to the refining slag pre-treatment.Sulphur content after the refining slag pre-treatment in the vanadium-bearing hot metal is 0.018%.
To deliver to the ladle refining heating station by the pretreated molten steel of refining slag, and in ladle, add refining slag 3kg/t half steel and aluminum shot 0.6kg/t half steel, behind the refining 40min, in ladle, feed SiCa line 0.30kg/t molten steel, set off behind the soft blow argon 7min, out-station temperature is 1660 ℃; Sulphur content in the ladle refining furnace molten steel after refining is that sulphur is 0.018%.
Ladle behind the ladle refining is delivered to the vacuum-treat of vacuum outgas section, and vacuum tightness is 12min less than the treatment time of 3mbar, adds aluminium alloy, and aluminium alloy is controlled at 0.05% with the aluminium content in the molten steel; Add sulphur-containing alloys behind the vacuum-treat 8min, the sulphur-containing alloys add-on is controlled at 0.02% according to the sulphur content decision of entering the station with sulphur; After the alloying, allow molten steel at the mobile 8min of vacuum chamber internal recycle, make composition even, vacuum breaker is fed SiCa line 0.3kg/t molten steel in ladle, quiet 14min departures, 1560 ℃ of the out-station temperatures of blowing.In the molten steel after vacuum outgas is handled the content of sulphur by weight percentage ratio be 0.025%.
Then ladle is sent to continuous casting.It is 200mm * 200mm Pinion Steel strand product that molten steel in this ladle promptly obtains section by continuous casting protection cast or crystallizer induction stirring technology.The component of this Pinion Steel product is a carbon 0.2%, silicon 0.3%, and manganese 1.3%, phosphorus 0.01%, sulphur 0.015%, chromium 1.3%, titanium 0.1%, aluminium 0.08%, nickel 0.1%, molybdenum 0.15%, copper 0.15%, nitrogen 0.012%, surplus is an iron.
Continuously cast bloom is rolled into Φ 40 round steel, the grading of round steel inclusion is as following table 4, according to " GB/T10561---2005 " the ranking method grading, category-A, category-B, C class, D class are represented different types of inclusion, progression is represented inclusion what in steel, progression is more little, and the expression nonmetallic inclusionsin steel is few more, and the quality of steel is good more.Pinion Steel according to above method preparation satisfies service requirements.
Table 4 Φ 40 round steel inclusiones grading table
Embodiment 5
Carry out pre-treatment to containing vanadium-titanium-iron-water, after pre-treatment in the molten iron S content by weight percentage ratio be 0.05%.To contain vanadium-titanium-iron-water is raw material, and its main component (weight percentage) is: carbon 4.13%, vanadium 0.27%, manganese 0.16%, sulphur 0.079%, phosphorus 0.075%, silicon 0.24%, titanium 0.15%; This molten iron is blended into the 120t blowing vanadium extracting bessemerizes, the amount of being blended into is 135t.The half steel composition (weight percentage) that obtains behind the vanadium extraction by converter blowing is: carbon 3.30%, manganese 0.05%, phosphorus 0.072%, sulphur 0.077%, vanadium 0.028%, all the other are iron and impurity.Contain that sulphur content is 0.040% by weight percentage in the vanadium titanium " half steel " behind the vanadium extraction by converter blowing.
The half steel of producing is blended into the 120t steel that blows again carries out converter smelting, the amount of being blended into is 134t, and adopts 536 oxygen rifles to carry out the decarburization of oxygen supply slag making dephosphorization.Behind the converter smelting in the molten steel sulphur content by weight percentage ratio be 0.030%.
Molten steel behind the converter smelting is sent to the refining slag pre-treatment.Sulphur content after the refining slag pre-treatment in the vanadium-bearing hot metal is 0.016%.
To deliver to the ladle refining heating station by the pretreated molten steel of refining slag, and in ladle, add refining slag 4kg/t half steel and aluminum shot 0.5kg/t half steel, behind the refining 40min, in ladle, feed SiCa line 0.20kg/t molten steel, set off behind the soft blow argon 7min, out-station temperature is 1660 ℃; Sulphur content in the ladle refining furnace molten steel after refining is that sulphur is 0.016%.
Ladle behind the ladle refining is delivered to the vacuum-treat of vacuum outgas section, and vacuum tightness is 13min less than the treatment time of 3mbar, adds aluminium alloy, and aluminium alloy is controlled at 0.05% with the aluminium content in the molten steel; Add sulphur-containing alloys behind the vacuum-treat 8min, the sulphur-containing alloys add-on is controlled at 0.02% according to the sulphur content decision of entering the station with sulphur; After the alloying, allow molten steel at the mobile 8min of vacuum chamber internal recycle, make composition even, vacuum breaker is fed SiCa line 0.3kg/t molten steel in ladle, quiet 13min departures, 1560 ℃ of the out-station temperatures of blowing.In the molten steel after vacuum outgas is handled the content of sulphur by weight percentage ratio be 0.025%.
Then ladle is sent to continuous casting.It is 200mm * 200mm Pinion Steel strand product that molten steel in this ladle promptly obtains section by continuous casting protection cast or crystallizer induction stirring technology.The component of this Pinion Steel product is a carbon 0.2%, silicon 0.2%, and manganese 1.3%, phosphorus 0.01%, sulphur 0.015%, chromium 1.2%, titanium 0.08%, aluminium 0.08%, nickel 0.1%, molybdenum 0.15%, copper 0.15%, nitrogen 0.012%, surplus is an iron.
Continuously cast bloom is rolled into Φ 45 round steel, the grading of round steel inclusion is as shown in table 5, according to " GB/T10561---2005 " the ranking method grading, category-A, category-B, C class, D class are represented different types of inclusion, progression is represented inclusion what in steel, progression is more little, and the expression nonmetallic inclusionsin steel is few more, and the quality of steel is good more.Pinion Steel according to above method preparation satisfies service requirements.
The grading of table 5 Φ 45 round steel inclusiones
The invention provides a kind of is raw material to contain vanadium-titanium-iron-water, utilize hot metal pretreatment → vanadium extraction by converter blowing → refining slag pre-treatment → ladle refining furnace refining → vacuum outgas processing → billet continuous casting process economics to produce the method for free-cutting pinion steel, adopt sectional type calcium treatment process simultaneously, promptly carrying out calcium outside stove and in the vacuum degassing process respectively handles, solved in the production and should guarantee entire oxygen content in the steel content, guarantee the contradiction of sulphur content again, have bigger economic benefit.And the composition that the present invention is based on steel to sulphur content and total oxygen content all requirement and smelting process to the control of molten steel purity and inclusion, employing adds sulphur-containing alloys in refining process, make total oxygen content and sulphur content all arrive the control requirement, realize protecting the sulphur deoxidation, guarantee carrying out smoothly of continuous casting, had good economic benefit and use prospect.
The invention is not restricted to the foregoing description, without departing from the present invention, can carry out various changes and modifications.
Claims (12)
1. free-cutting pinion steel, it is characterized in that its component by weight percentage ratio be: carbon 0.10%～0.35%, silicon 0.15%～0.45%, manganese 0.60%～1.50%, phosphorus 0.001%～0.03%, sulphur 0.015%～0.030%, chromium 0.80%～1.50%, titanium 0.03%～0.12%, aluminium 0.01%～0.10%, nickel 0.005%～0.30%, molybdenum 0.005%～0.20%, copper 0.005%～0.20%, nitrogen 0.004%～0.015%, surplus is an iron.
2. free-cutting pinion steel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that its component by weight percentage ratio be: carbon 0.20%～0.3%, silicon 0.2%～0.4%, manganese 0.8%～1.2%, phosphorus 0.01%～0.03%, sulphur 0.015%～0.025%, chromium 0.90%～1.40%, titanium 0.04%～0.10%, aluminium 0.01%～0.09%, nickel 0.01%～0.20%, molybdenum 0.01%～0.15%, copper 0.01%～0.15%, nitrogen 0.005%～0.01%, surplus is an iron.
3. the smelting process of a free-cutting pinion steel, comprise following technology: hot metal pretreatment → vanadium extraction by converter blowing → converter smelting → refining slag pre-treatment → ladle refining furnace refining → vacuum outgas processing → billet continuous casting, it is characterized in that having adopted sectional type calcium to handle, may further comprise the steps:
To deliver to the ladle refining heating station by the pretreated molten steel of refining slag, and in ladle, add refining slag 3～5kg/t half steel and aluminum shot 0.3～0.8kg/t half steel, behind the refining 30-60min, in ladle, feed SiCa line 0.2～0.5kg/t molten steel, set off behind the soft blow argon 5-10min, out-station temperature is 1650-1680 ℃;
Ladle behind the ladle refining is delivered to the vacuum-treat of vacuum outgas section, and vacuum tightness is 12～15min less than the treatment time of 3mbar, adds aluminium alloy, and the aluminium content in the molten steel is controlled at 0.03%～0.05%; Add sulphur-containing alloys behind the vacuum-treat 6-10min, the sulphur-containing alloys add-on is controlled at 0.015%～0.028% according to the sulphur content decision of entering the station with sulphur content in the molten steel; After the alloying, make molten steel at the mobile 5-10min of vacuum chamber internal recycle, make composition even, vacuum breaker is fed SiCa line 0.1～0.5kg/t molten steel in ladle, quiet 8-15min departures, out-station temperature 1570-1590 ℃ of blowing.
4. the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described hot metal pretreatment technology sulphur content by weight percentage ratio be≤0.100%.
5. the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel according to claim 3, it is characterized in that behind the described vanadium extraction by converter blowing contain in the vanadium titanium " half steel " sulphur content by weight percentage ratio be≤0.100%.
6. the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel according to claim 3, it is characterized in that behind the described converter smelting sulphur content in the molten steel by weight percentage ratio be 0.03%～0.08%.
7. the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel according to claim 3 is characterized in that after the described refining slag pre-treatment that sulphur content is 0.015%～0.03% in the vanadium-bearing hot metal.
8. the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel according to claim 3, it is characterized in that after the described ladle refining furnace refining sulphur content in the molten steel by weight percentage ratio be that sulphur is 0.010%～0.030%.
9. the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel according to claim 3, it is characterized in that content that described vacuum outgas handles sulphur in the molten steel of back by weight percentage ratio be 0.015%～0.030%.
10. the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described sulphur alloy sulfur-bearing component by weight percentage ratio be: sulphur 27%～30%, carbon 0.5%, silicon 0.5%, phosphorus 0.05%, surplus is an iron.
11. the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel according to claim 3 is characterized in that the enter the station sulphur-containing alloys add-on of sulphur content decision of described basis calculates according to following formula:
12. the smelting process of free-cutting pinion steel according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described SiCa line is a cored-wire, thick 0.35～the 0.40mm of shell band steel, core powder substance 130～150g/m, its SMIS powder calcic percentage ratio by weight is 24%～32%, silicon 55%～65%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities.
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