CN102427925A - 用于便携式电气设备的罩壳和用于制造该罩壳的方法 - Google Patents

用于便携式电气设备的罩壳和用于制造该罩壳的方法 Download PDF

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CN102427925A
CN102427925A CN2010800201335A CN201080020133A CN102427925A CN 102427925 A CN102427925 A CN 102427925A CN 2010800201335 A CN2010800201335 A CN 2010800201335A CN 201080020133 A CN201080020133 A CN 201080020133A CN 102427925 A CN102427925 A CN 102427925A
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D·德鲁默
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Abstract

一种用于电气的测量、控制和通信设备的罩壳(11)，尤其移动电话的罩壳下部，当罩壳作为变形件从热塑性地浸润的长纤维的多层的垫的平的坯料中成形时，尽管壁厚非常小，它具有非常大的弯曲刚度和扭转刚度。然后将同样由热塑性的材料制成的精巧的功能元件(14)在注塑模中喷铸到罩壳(11)处。

Description

用于便携式电气设备的罩壳和用于制造该罩壳的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种罩壳和用于制造该罩壳的方法。
背景技术
从文件DE 1 97 07 437 A1中已知一种用于在飞机模型制造(Flugmodellbau)中所应用的轻型结构的无线远程控制部的多件式壳体的罩壳。因为热塑性的注塑件出于方法技术的原因不允许低于一定的材料厚度和因此重量，所以从为所完成的轮廓所设置的薄膜坯料(Folienzuschnitt)拉深成尤其轻的但仍然足够硬的罩壳。为此所使用的拉深薄膜为ABS，可热变形的、抗冲击适应的聚苯乙烯，但是其不带来手持设备的特别舒适的手感。
这种以ABS罩壳的构形的模制件也不能满足当前对尤其平地构造的手持设备关于小的重量(由于在还是提高的机械强度(如主要其罩壳的高的弯曲刚度和扭转刚度)的情况下的小的壁厚)的要求。不允许以同时成形到或者随后装配到平的罩壳的内部中的肋部的形式的附加的结构加强，这是因为由此在罩壳中的总归仅仅平的可供使用的电子器件安装空间被还不可接受地减小。
不是对于高的手感要求的手持设备，而是对于在车辆车身处的功能部件(例如用于容纳备胎的行李厢凹槽)，从文件DE 1 01 12 635 A1中已知将用于稍后的车身固定的热塑性的复合材料与可更高地负载的热塑性的玻璃纤维-夹心材料(Sandwichmaterial)一起成形，尤其在铸模中在两种材料同时熔化时进行拉深。为此，将预定量的热塑性材料施加到夹心-坯件(Rohling)上并且在铸模变形过程中与坯件一起成形并熔化；但是，这不产生薄的且统一的
Figure BPA00001462244200012
壁结构。在文件US 3,765,998和文件US 4,469,543中详细描述了对为了热或冷变形或用于对在车辆车身处的装饰部件和结构部件的冲制的热塑性浸润的玻璃纤维垫的层压(Laminieren)的示例。
为了制造薄的平的罩壳，在添加热塑性的材料的情况下实现的夹心变形由于由此引起的大的且不均匀的壁厚而已经是不合适的。因为在此感兴趣的设备例如涉及在汽车领域或在维护-电子领域中的远程控制服务部，并且尤其涉及如无线电话或移动电话的无线电接收设备。在此，在各个罩壳部件相对于彼此的功能性的运动(例如在所谓的滑盖手机的情况中，参看文件DE 10 2004 027 606 A1)中，即使在由使用引起的机械的应力下也确保尺寸稳定性是尤其重要的。但是，在例如以斜面台壳体
Figure BPA00001462244200021
的形式的工作台设备
Figure BPA00001462244200022
或控制器中(参看文件DE 82 02486 U1)，罩壳上部在机械的负载下也不应明显变形，而应始终在分型缝(Teilungsfuge)中对基础设备密封地封闭。
发明内容
在对所描述的情况的认识下，本发明提出的技术问题为，提供手感和外观改进的尤其平的且轻的但形状稳定性还是提高的罩壳。
为了实现该目的可考虑由注塑-烧结陶瓷(Spritzguss-Sinterkeramik)制造罩壳；但是，该加工技术相对成本较高并且产品由于脆的材料特性对于多种应用情况来说抗冲击性不足。在实践中常常禁止使用金属的罩壳用于手持设备，因为在没有特别的外覆层的情况下它不够亲和皮肤(hautsympathisch)。此外，例如对于无线电远程控制部、RFID异频雷达收发机应用(例如，根据文件DE 1 97 17 505 C2)和通信设备来说，它高频信号通过性不足；并且，电子组件的安装可能需要特别的局部绝缘措施(如在金属外壳的内壁面上的漆层或塑料衬)。
相反地，根据本发明，根据独立权利要求的特征实现该目的。根据独立权利要求，罩壳基本上由以这种已知的方式在热和压力作用下以平的形状设计的构件组成，该构件来自轮廓被平地切割的纺织品(Gewebe)垫或织物垫，其具有热塑性地浸润的至少两层的长纤维的面结构。其壁厚可下降到1.0mm，但也完全可为仅仅0.5mm。
优选地，使目前平的垫坯料的彼此交叉的纤维相互交织或编织(verwirken)，并且使其在完成的变形件(尤其罩壳)的待预期的机械应力处在其伸延方向上定向。在此，纤维可为碳纤维；但是，为了罩壳的值得期望的高频透过性，玻璃纤维或尤其由抗撕破适应的芳香聚酰胺(芳香族聚酰胺)制成的纤维可为优选的。
利用成本适宜的可供使用的热塑性塑料(优选地基于尿烷或聚酰胺的弹性塑料)进行这种纤维纺织品或纤维织物的热塑性的浸润；但是有利地也可应用无定形的三元共聚物或抗冲击的聚碳酸酯。
优选地，变形件为无穿孔的罩壳下壳。但是，穿孔(Durchbrechung)(例如用于插入插座、显示器或按键开关)也是可能的。在浸润的纺织品纤维垫或织物纤维垫(Gelegefasermatte)的尚待变形的平的坯料中可已经包含穿孔，或者在变形期间从中冲出穿孔。但是，例如为了满足更严格的精度要求和装饰要求也可在拉深过程之后才将穿孔加工到变形件中。
罩壳的环绕的侧边的自由的端棱(Stirnkante)虽然在变形过程之后还不一定以正确的尺寸伸延，但是这可通过符合功能的修剪轻微地校正。更有问题的是在变形件处的精巧的(feingliedrig)功能元件的构造。虽然可能已经在变形期间能够引入以连续的肋部或槽的形式的移动引导部，但是这对于仅仅待局部布置的功能元件(如软的弹性的密封框和装饰框)或者对于硬的弹性的咬合元件或卡锁元件(反向钩舌(Widerhakenzung)和接合孔)、装配柱或铰链栓和铰链耳孔通常是不可能的、至少不是轻易可能的。
可考虑为此局部地将附加的聚合体物质(Polymermasse)施加到待变形成罩壳的垫坯料上，在变形过程期间该聚合体物质经历其到功能元件的成形。但是由于局部明显增加的壁厚在这种不连续性的环境中可导致垫特性的损害；并且还不可保证的是，这种局部的附加材料的机械-热的变形过程得到几何形状上足够精确地构造的、精巧的功能元件。
所以根据本发明的罩壳具有这样的功能元件，其并非在变形期间被模制在罩壳处，而是在罩壳被带到注塑模之后才被喷铸到已经成形的罩壳处；即功能元件同样由热塑性材料制成，以注塑的方式施加在任意的结构上需要的部位处，以便然后以硬化的方式与在注塑过程中局部地熔焊的变形件固定地相连接。
由于流动地倒圆的过渡，平的聚合体坯料热塑性地变形成三维地成拱形的极平的罩壳已经得到尤其令人满意的手感。但是，例如还借助于薄膜覆层或金属蒸镀可在手感上、设计上和功能上优化罩壳的外面。即这种变形件表现出，热压的(heiβverpresst)纤维复合物的半成品结构在冷却收缩之后作为轻微痘点式的(pockennarbenartig)不平性难看地出现在罩壳的表面处。为了不易受污染的这里连续光滑的且有光泽的处于外部的表面区域，如它也出于手感的原因或为了可见面(Sichtflaeche)在变形件处所期望的那样，所以施加附加的功能优化的表面调质。
原理上，为此考虑磨光薄膜(Finish-Folien)的层压。然而，由于到变形件的侧边的由压模引起的倒圆的过渡，这是有问题的，因为在此薄膜的在周围抗剥落的
Figure BPA00001462244200041
连结是重要的；特别是薄膜必须相对厚，由此罩壳的不平的表面不压穿
Figure BPA00001462244200042
薄膜。金属蒸镀也给出热压的变形件的不期望的表面轮廓。
以对该情况的认识，可选地，本发明还提出进一步的技术问题以改善由纤维复合半成品压模的罩壳的触觉的和视觉的表面质量。
根据本发明的该改进方案，通过根据要求局部地限制的或也全表面的、优选地多层的涂漆，在平的有光泽的表面的意义中实现对于可见的面或操作面来说值得期望的表面质量。它的相对厚地涂覆的底漆用作与基层的附着介质(Haftvermittler)，即在罩壳的外表面上，并且同时用于该表面的抛光，使得它的在底漆之后的不平的疤结构不再如此有显著影响。在至少另一层中将在其接合剂中的彩色颜料施加到底漆上，并且最终应用透明的面漆到该层上，其带来期望的光泽并同时用于着色的耐光性。
在此，可根据表面规定并在待调质的表面区域的尺寸和形状方面调整漆溶剂的粘度，以便由此通过液流特性这样获得快速的均匀的湿润以及由此在整个预定的表面区域上均匀的光学的特性，使得该变形件也可用作光学的构件。
根据本发明的附加的改进方案，尤其对于机械上可更高地加载的且为此更硬的表面区域，应用优选地无溶剂的、多组分尤其双组分漆以产生光泽层是优选的，这是因为这种漆由于其组分在直接地与其粘合的表面上或者还在底漆上的化学反应而无干燥要求地硬化。
因此，通过由热塑性浸润的长纤维的多层的纺织品垫或垫织物垫的平的坯料以机械热的方式成形出变形件(利用精巧的功能元件热塑性地喷铸到在变形后被带到注塑模中的罩壳处，并且必要时利用罩壳外面的最终的涂漆)，如此提供用于电气的测量、控制和通信设备的罩壳的、尤其用于移动电话的罩壳下部罩壳的部件(其在具有出色的手感和外观的情况下尽管壁厚非常小但具有非常大的弯曲刚度和扭转刚度)。
附图说明
为了更详细地解释本发明，在附图中近似成比例地绘出了根据本发明的类型的尤其可作为手持设备-罩壳后侧应用的平的拉深外壳，其显示出带有明显小于1mm的壁厚，与相同尺寸的相较可略微扭曲的相对软的罩壳(其以传统的方式以大于2mm的壁厚完全以塑料注塑制造)相比，根据本发明的外壳证实为明显更不易弯曲。
具体实施方式
以倾斜的内视图示出的相对于其横截面尺寸非常平的拉深罩壳11具有微弱地成拱形的壁12，其周围以小的半径过渡到大致垂直于壁12结束的平的侧边13中。如可辨识出的那样，其端棱14在硬化的拉深过程之后以符合功能的方式在其边缘走向上被修剪。
在侧边13的所提及的边缘修剪之后，为了该罩壳11与另一以塑料注塑工艺制成的壳体件(未绘出)之后的共同作用，将硬弹性的(steifelastisch)功能元件15(如绘出的止动钩)安装到拉深的且硬化的罩壳11的侧边13处，但是也将由相对于拉深件(带有侧边13的壁12)的材料更软弹性的且颜色上形成对照的热塑性材料制成的装饰框或密封框16安装到侧边13的环绕的端棱14上。

Claims (13)

1.一种从带有在其走向上彼此相交的长纤维的热塑性地浸润的多层的垫的平的坯料中拉深出的用于便携式电气设备的平的罩壳(11)，所述罩壳(11)带有同样由热塑性材料制成的以注塑成形的方式喷铸的功能元件(15)。
2.根据前述权利要求所述的罩壳，其特征在于，用于所述注塑成形的功能元件(15)的注塑材料具有与此外所述罩壳的材料不同的弹性和必要时不同的着色。
3.根据前述权利要求所述的罩壳，其特征在于，装饰框或密封框(16)被喷铸到它的环绕的端棱(15)上。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的罩壳，其特征在于，它的壁厚测量为1mm或小于1mm。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的罩壳，其特征在于，借助于薄膜覆层或金属蒸镀在设计和功能上优化它的外面。
6.根据除权利要求5以外前述权利要求中任一项所述的罩壳，其特征在于，它带有提高其表面质量的涂漆。
7.根据前述权利要求所述的罩壳，其特征在于，它具有施加到其外表面上的多层涂漆的底漆，所述底漆抛光由垫结构引起的不平。
8.根据前述权利要求所述的罩壳，其特征在于，至少一个颜料层被施加到所述底漆上并且被透明的油漆层覆盖。
9.根据前述三个权利要求中任一项所述的罩壳，其特征在于，将由于化学反应而直接硬化的多组分漆施加给所述罩壳。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的罩壳，其特征在于，垫的根据其待预期的机械应力在其伸延方向上取向的纤维相互交织或编织。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的罩壳，其特征在于，所述垫包含碳纤维，但是，为了改进的高频透过性，包含玻璃纤维或由抗撕裂适应的芳香聚酰胺(芳香族聚酰胺)构成的纤维。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的罩壳，其特征在于，利用热塑性塑料例如尿烷基上的弹性体、聚酰胺、无定形的三元共聚物或抗冲击的聚碳酸酯浸润所述垫。
13.一种用于制造根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于便携式电气设备的罩壳(11)的方法，其特征在于，利用热塑性塑料浸润由多层地相交的长的纤维构成的垫，硬化的所述垫按照拉深模的轮廓被切口，并且所述坯料在其中以机械热的方式三维变形，由热塑性塑料制成的功能元件(15)在注塑模中被喷铸在所述罩壳(11)上。
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