CN106313863B - 用于制造镶板部件的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造镶板部件的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106313863B
CN106313863B CN201610471111.XA CN201610471111A CN106313863B CN 106313863 B CN106313863 B CN 106313863B CN 201610471111 A CN201610471111 A CN 201610471111A CN 106313863 B CN106313863 B CN 106313863B
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China
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film
load
composite part
bearing composite
adhesive
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CN106313863A (zh
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B.霍弗
W.帕塞格
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Magna Steyr Automotive Technologies
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Magna Steyr Automotive Technology Co
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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Abstract

一种用于为机动车辆生产镶板部件的方法，以及这种类型的镶板部件，所述方法包括以下步骤：将纤维增强承重复合部件(1)压制成形；形成膜(2)，其中，所述膜(2)具有A级表面；通过作为插入的第三层的粘合剂(3)接合作为第一层的承重复合部件(1)与作为第二层的膜(2)。

Description

用于制造镶板部件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于生产镶板部件的方法，并且涉及这种类型的镶板部件。
背景技术
镶板部件被用在车辆生产中，特别是作为用于车辆的塑料面板，所述车辆诸如机动车辆。
这种类型的镶板部件通常通过诸如注塑的方法生产为片状模塑料(SMC)，或通过热成型生产，其中，所有的塑料一般一直是有色的，或者随后施加涂层。由于塑料一般具有比铝成分高的热膨胀系数，在使用这样的塑料板时必须采用填料，以减少热膨胀，另外，必须设置较大的接点以用于公差补偿。
当采用压制技术(其允许形成小的半径，因此具有良好的设计能力)形成镶板部件时，必须采用难以回收的热固性塑料。当从被压制在一起的一个或多个层片制造部件时，也不能形成A级表面，因为模具表面通常在部件上留下压痕。也不可能在由压制工具生产的部件上通过粘附表面薄膜产生A级表面。
在一些诸如热成型的生产方法中，设计自由度是有限的，因为相对小的半径由于需要大的壁厚而不能再现。另一方面，壁更薄的部件在机械上不稳定。此外，颜色必须通过昂贵的涂层工艺施加到表面上。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是详细说明一种用于生产镶板部件的方法，它允许具有A级表面的镶板部件的简单和低成本的生产。
特别地，部件在生产中的良好的成形性是可以实现的。尽管需要A级表面，部件的昂贵涂层不应是必须的。该部件也应该是易于回收的。
该目的是通过一种用于为机动车辆生产镶板部件的方法实现的，该方法包括以下步骤
-将纤维增强承重复合部件压制成形，
-形成膜，其中，该膜具有A级表面，
-通过作为插入的第三层的粘合剂接合作为第一层承重复合部件与作为第二层的膜。
根据本发明，承重部件在一方面通过压制形成，而在另一方面用于该承重部件的可见表面被分开地形成，其中，所述可见表面已经具有A级表面。由于可见表面被分开制造，并且不像例如层压件那样通过压制同时生产，它即使在该阶段也能够以高表面光洁度制备。通过在两个形成的层之间的粘接，部件容差(诸如承重复合部件和预形成膜之间的尺寸偏差和表面偏差)可以得到满足。在生产所述粘接时，两个部件可以轻轻压在一起。
本发明的发展在从属权利要求、说明书和附图中详细说明。
该膜优选通过热成型方法形成，因此是优选地是具有A级表面的薄的热成型膜。热成型优选地发生在单面模具中，优选地在175至190摄氏度下，并且是在形成于模具中的真空下。
在接合之前，该膜优选地已经凝结和/或冷却下来，和/或在接合之前，已经具有成品镶板部件的结构。
该膜优选地仅由单层组成，而不是层压件。该膜优选地是共挤出件。该膜可执行几种功能。
该膜优选地通过粘合剂连接到承重复合部件的整个面积上。因此，避免了部件之间的空气夹杂，表面的质量得以提高。
例如，泡沫，例如聚氨酯泡沫或双组分泡沫，或适于粘合剂粘结的实际上的其他材料，例如基于聚氨酯或丙烯酸酯、双组分粘合剂、分散粘合剂、接触粘合剂、另外还有双面粘合剂泡沫带或粘合剂泡沫带的组件粘合剂系统可以用作粘合剂。双面粘合剂泡沫带或粘合剂泡沫带优选地施加在大面积上，特别优选地为施加至大体平坦的表面，但不是在整个面积上。特别借助于柔性泡沫表面，这些粘合带适合用于补偿厚度差和/或用于允许复合部件与膜之间的纵向运动。
承重复合部件可以优选地通过压制或挤出形成。压制可以优选地发生在240至300摄氏度下，并且在高的压力下。
承重复合部件优选地通过将用连续纤维增强的有机片材在热的作用下压制成所需形状而生产，所述纤维即具有热塑性基质的纤维。通过使用连续纤维，实现了部件的较低的热膨胀。使用热塑性塑料可确保良好的可回收能力。
承重复合部件也可以由连续纤维和热固性塑料生产，在这种情况下，一般不存在可回收能力。
优选的是承重复合部件和膜两者都由热塑性塑料生产。
粘合剂优选地以足够确保它可容纳部件容差的厚度施加。
引线或电缆可以集成到承重复合部件和/或粘合剂。
传感器和/或照明系统可以集成到该粘合剂。
至少一个孔优选地形成在该承重复合部件中，特别用于照明系统。
该薄膜可以至少在某些区域或多个区域做成透明的，特别是在照明系统位于其下的区域处。该膜还可以在内侧和/或外侧的所有区域或一些区域或多个区域中具有压痕或着色。
根据本发明的用于机动车辆的镶板部件可以通过所描述的方法之一来制造，因此可以具有所提到的所有功能。
根据本发明的用于机动车辆的镶板部件包括作为第一层的压制成形的纤维增强承重复合部件，和作为第二层的预成形膜，其中，所述膜具有A级表面，其中，粘合剂作为承重复合部件与膜之间的第三层施加。
附图说明
本发明通过示例的方式参考附图在下面进行描述，所述附图中：
图1是根据本发明的镶板部件的示意图，
图2a-c是用于生产根据本发明的镶板部件的方法的示意图，
图3是用于生产根据本发明的镶板部件的另一方法的示意图，
图4是根据本发明的另一镶板部件的示意图，
图5是根据本发明的另一镶板部件的示意图。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的用于机动车辆的镶板部件在图1中示意性地示出，其包括作为第一层的压制成形的纤维增强承重复合部件1，和作为第二层的预成形膜2，其中，所述膜具有A级表面，其中，粘合剂3作为承重复合部件1与膜2之间的第三层施加。
承重复合部件1可以是用连续纤维增强的塑料，例如“Bond Laminates”制造的“Tepex GF”。它可以是包含热塑性塑料和纤维增强材料的压制部件，所述纤维增强材料诸如短纤维、长纤维和/或随机取向的纤维。主要决定镶板部件的属性的是承重复合部件1，所述属性诸如它们的热膨胀、弹性模量等。
预成形膜2可以是由ABS/PC或PC制成的膜，例如“Senoplast”制造的“Senotop”。膜1可以是透明的或印刷在一面或两面上。它是使用单面模具热成形的。
粘合剂3形成复合部件1与膜2之间的接合。粘合剂3被用来对膜2赋予性能，特别是复合部件1的形状。粘合剂3被施加在整个面积上，由此避免了复合部件1与膜2的之间的空气夹杂。粘合剂3还可用于补偿公差和各部分的半径差异。
根据本发明的一种生产镶板部件的方法的步骤示于图2中。
图2a示出了膜2(该镶板部件随后的表面)如何在模具中热成型在一侧上。
如图2b所示，与其并行、同时或延迟一定时间，复合部件1被在不同的模具中被压制。
如在图2c的最左边显而易见的，粘合剂3然后施加到复合部件1，例如通过喷涂。在此之后，这两个部件1和2被轻轻地挤压在一起(从左侧起的第二张图)，然后接合的部件被修整(从左侧起的第三张图)。成品镶板部件(在图2c右侧图像)可在形成之后从模具中取出，并被设置有A级表面。
根据本发明的生产方法的一个变体在图3中示出，其中，承重复合部件1由用连续纤维增强并且具有热塑性基质的材料在热成型车间中形成。
如在图3的左边所示，复合部件1被作为半成品放置在热成型车间，并且在两侧通过辐射加热器4加热，其中，所述辐射加热器4被布置在热成形车间的上半模5与下半模6之间。
在图3的中间示图中，辐射加热器4已被移回，并且两个半模5、6已被关闭。模具的按下设备7允许附加材料流入。
在图3的右方，适合于接合膜2的成品复合部件1可以从该模具中取出。
图4和图5示出其他功能也可以被集成到根据本发明的镶板部件。因此，根据图4，电导线8已铺设在部件的复合部件1和粘合剂2中。
图5中的承重复合部件1具有用于照明系统9的孔，所述照明系统9特别是灯组。所述膜2因而是透明设计的，至少照明系统9之上的区域中。在照明系统9以外的区域中，所述膜2具有外部压痕10和/或内部压痕11。
引用符号列表
1 承重复合部件
2 膜
3 粘合剂
4 辐射加热器
5 上半模
6 下半模
7 按下设备
8 电引线
9 照明系统
10 外部压痕
11 内部压痕

Claims (13)

1.一种用于生产用于机动车辆的镶板部件的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
-在双面模具中将纤维增强承重复合部件(1)压制成形为第一形状，
-在单面模具中通过热成型形成膜(2)，其中，所述膜(2)具有A级表面，并且成形为对应于第一形状的第二形状，
-通过作为插入的第三层的粘合剂(3)接合作为第一层的第一形状的承重复合部件(1)与作为第二层的第二形状的膜(2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，在接合之前，所述膜(2)已经凝结和/或冷却下来，和/或在接合之前已经具有成品镶板部件的结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，所述膜由单层组成和/或是共挤出件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，所述膜(2)在整个面积上通过粘合剂(3)连接到所述承重复合部件(1)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，所述承重复合部件(1)通过将用连续纤维增强的有机片材在热的作用下压制成所需形状而生产。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法
其特征在于，所述承重复合部件(1)和膜(2)两者都由热塑性塑料生产。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，所述粘合剂(3)以足够确保它能够容纳部件容差的厚度施加。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，引线(8)或线缆集成到所述承重复合部件(1)和/或粘合剂(3)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，传感器和/或照明系统(9)集成到所述粘合剂(3)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，至少一个孔形成在所述承重复合部件(1)中，所述孔用于照明系统(9)。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，所述膜(2)包括透明区域，在该透明区域之下布置照明系统(9)。
12.通过根据权利要求1的方法生产的用于机动车辆的镶板部件。
13.用于机动车辆的镶板部件，包括作为第一层的压制成形的纤维增强承重复合部件(1)和作为第二层的预成形膜(2)，其中，在接合之前，纤维增强承重复合部件(1)在双面模具中被压制成形为第一形状，并且所述膜在单面模具中通过热成型形成为对应于第一形状的第二形状并且具有A级表面，其中，粘合剂(3)作为第三层施加在所述承重复合部件(1)与膜(2)之间。
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Address after: Graz

Patentee after: Magna Steyr Automotive Technologies

Address before: Graz

Patentee before: MAGNA STEYR FAHRZEUGTECHNIK AG & CO KG