CN102427922A - 用于工件造型的装置 - Google Patents

用于工件造型的装置 Download PDF

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CN102427922A
CN102427922A CN2010800200205A CN201080020020A CN102427922A CN 102427922 A CN102427922 A CN 102427922A CN 2010800200205 A CN2010800200205 A CN 2010800200205A CN 201080020020 A CN201080020020 A CN 201080020020A CN 102427922 A CN102427922 A CN 102427922A
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parts
thermal expansion
reinforced plastic
workpiece
layer
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J.孔茨
F.施塔德勒
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IDESD AG
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于工件（20）造型的装置（10），具有至少一个第一和至少一个第二部件（11，12），在所述第一和第二部件之间在热作用下可以挤压要成形的工件（20），其特征在于，所述第一和/或第二部件（11，12）在结构上和/或通过材料特性这样构成，使其热膨胀在不同方向上的大小是不同的。

Description

用于工件造型的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于工件造型的装置，具有至少一个第一和至少一个第二部件，在所述第一和第二部件之间可以在热作用下挤压要成形的工件。
背景技术
用于工件造型的装置在工件硬化时在温度作用下在所有方向上均匀地膨胀。如果工件由复合材料、尤其纤维复合材料制成，则力或相对移动可以作用于工件上，它们可能对于工件质量带来不利影响。这种不利影响例如可能通过纤维变形引起。此外该装置部件的均匀热膨胀部分地导致，要加工的工件的尺寸精度位于给定的误差以外。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，给出用于工件造型的装置，通过它可以改进要加工的工件质量。
这个目的通过具有权利要求1的特征得以实现。由从属权利要求给出有利的改进方案。
本发明实现用于工件造型的装置，具有至少一个第一和至少一个第二部件，在所述第一和第二部件之间可以在热作用下挤压要成形的工件。所述装置的特征在于，所述第一和/或第二部件在结构上和/或通过材料特性这样构成，使其热膨胀在不同方向上的大小是不同的。
通过制备具有针对性的热膨胀的装置能够使尤其由纤维复合材料构成的工件在加工期间有目的地在给定的方向上挤压。由此可以抑制在其它不期望方向上的力或相对移动，它们可能不利地影响要加工的工件。尤其由此能够避免在要加工工件中的纤维复合。在按照本发明的装置中加工的工件的结果是，改善其在纤维取向和尺寸精度方面的质量。此外通过按照本发明的装置能够加工或脱模在使用常见的装置的没有指向性热膨胀特性的装置部件的情况下不能加工的几何形状。
适宜地使在不同方向上具有不同膨胀的第一和/或第二部件包括由不同的、具有不同的膨胀系数的复合材料、尤其纤维复合材料构成的层。所述层最好这样相互设置和/或相互连接，使热膨胀在一个或多个优选方向上实现。这意味着，层的连接导致，可以避免或至少减少相关部件在其它方向上的热膨胀。此外规定，所述层这样相互设置和/或相互连接，使得在温度作用下确定热膨胀程度。由此可以使在挤压期间作用在工件上的力有针对性地在尺寸保持性和纤维取向方面优化，只要工件由纤维复合材料制成。
按照另一改进方案在不同方向上具有不同热膨胀的第一和/或第二部件包括至少一个碳纤维强化塑料层和至少一个玻璃纤维强化塑料层。在此特别适宜的是，至少一个碳纤维强化的塑料层的纤维与至少一个玻璃纤维强化塑料层的纤维不相互平行地取向。通过由具有不同热膨胀系数的不同（强化纤维）材料构成的装置结构能够有针对性地调整热膨胀以及热膨胀在不同方向上的尺度。在此适宜的是，至少一个碳纤维强化的塑料层的纤维与至少一个玻璃纤维强化塑料层的纤维相互间以约90°的角度取向。由此可以使热膨胀在一个方向上是促进的而在与其垂直的方向上是减小的或抑制的。
在一个具体的改进方案中规定，所述复合材料包括两个碳纤维强化塑料层，在所述两个碳纤维强化塑料层之间设置两个玻璃纤维强化塑料层，其中所有的层相互间材料锁合和/或形状锁合地相互连接。可以根据要加工的工件形状改变在碳纤维强化塑料层与玻璃纤维强化塑料层中相互间的相对纤维取向。优选上述的相互间90°取向。
按照另一适宜的改进方案，所述装置的第一和第二部件相互间同心地设置，其中要被成形的工件设置在第一部件的外圆周面与第二部件的内圆周面之间。在此第一部件在结构上和/或通过材料特性这样构成，使其热膨胀在不同方向上的大小是不同的并且第二部件在不同方向上具有相同的热膨胀。由此使要被加工的工件在第一与第二部件之间的装置里面挤压，没有在（纵向）方向上的运动。
在此适宜地使所述第一和第二部件圆柱形地构成。，由此使工件均匀地以力加载。上述部件不必一定是圆柱形的，也可以是椭圆、矩形的横截面。
尤其在这个具体的改进方案中还规定，所述第一部件在热作用下具有周向上的热膨胀。因此所述第一部件在热作用下没有轴向上的热膨胀。由此保证在第一与第二部件之间的挤压没有在轴向或纵向上的运动。
在具体的改进方案中所述第二部件由均质的材料或复合材料构成。在此适宜的是，所述第二部件在热作用下具有在周向和轴向上基本相同的热膨胀。由此可以建立为了挤压成形件所需的在第一与第二部件之间的力。
按照本发明的装置尤其用于加工由复合材料、尤其由纤维复合材料制成的工件。
附图说明
下面借助于实施例详细解释本发明。附图中：
图1简示出按照本发明的用于工件造型的装置的横截面图，
图2示出按照本发明装置的第一部件结构的示例原理图。
具体实施方式
图1示出按照本发明的用于工件20造型的装置10的示意横截面图。该装置10具有内部的第一部件11和外部的第二部件12。在第一部件11的外圆周面13与第二部件12的内圆周面14之间设置尤其由纤维复合材料构成的工件20，它通过本装置在温度作用下成形。第一和第二部件11、12例如圆柱形地构成并且相互同心地设置。第一和第二部件11、12垂直于纸面在轴向51上延伸。
按照本发明的装置的两个部件11、12中的至少一个部件这样构成，使它在结构上和/或通过材料特性在不同的方向上具有不同的热膨胀。在这里所述的实施例中第一部件11这样构成，使它在热作用下具有在周向50上的热膨胀，但是没有在轴向51（即进入纸面方向）上的热膨胀。
第一部件11的这个特性由此实现，使它由多个不同的、具有不同的热膨胀系数的复合材料、尤其是纤维复合材料层30、31、32、33构成。在此使层30、31、32、33这样相互设置和/或相互连接，使热膨胀在所期望的周向50上实现并且在不期望的轴向51上抑制。通过选择材料、层相互间的结构和层的连接方式可以确定在温度作用下第一部件11在周向上的热膨胀程度。
以一个实施例在图2中简示出所述第一部件11的层结构，它以分解的视图包括三个叠置的层30、31、32、33。在此层30、33代表碳纤维强化塑料CFK，其中在其中含有的纤维34、37的取向在相同的方向上实现。CFK表示纤维-塑料-复合材料，其中碳纤维大多以多层作为增强加入到塑料母体里面。在层30、33之间设置两个由玻璃纤维强化塑料GFK制成的层31、32，其纤维35、36以90°的角度相对层30、33的纤维34、37布置。GFK是由塑料（例如聚酯树脂、环氧树脂或聚酰胺）和玻璃纤维构成的纤维-塑料-复合材料。
通过在图2中所示的用于第一部件11的层结构得到一种材料，其中通过选择不同的材料和有针对性地布置材料使该材料在层结构或层压结构中具有在纤维34、37及35、36方向上不同的热膨胀。与此不同，一种具有在所有方向上相同的热膨胀系数的材料，例如具有犹如各向同性的层结构的CFK叠层，在所有方向上具有相同的热膨胀。这种材料结构例如可以用于装置10的第二部件12。
由于选择适合的第一部件11的材料和/或结构上的形状得到对于这个部件在温度作用下在周向50上的热膨胀。通过第一部件11不能实现在轴向51上的热膨胀。第二部件12在温度作用下在周向和轴向50、51上都具有相同的热膨胀，由此使工件20在第一与第二部件11、12之间挤压，其中没有轴向51上的运动。由此可以改善工件20在其纤维取向和相对于常见装置的尺寸保持性方面的质量。
通过使用具有针对性的热膨胀的装置能够在加工期间有目的地在确定的方向上挤压由纤维复合材料制成的工件。由此可以避免在另一不期望方向上的力或相对移动，它们否则可能例如由于纤维变形引起要被加工工件的不利影响。按照本发明的装置还具有优点，能够加工或脱模特定几何形状，它们通过常见的其部件在所有方向上具有相同的热膨胀的装置不能实现。
在图1中所示的、按照本发明的装置10仅仅示例地具有圆柱形形状。按照本发明的具有第一和第二部件11、12的装置原则上可以具有任意的用于造型工件的形状。
同样在图2中所示的多个不同纤维复合材料层的层序仅仅是示例性的。也可以使用其它数量的用于制备第一和/或第二部件11、12的层。同样可以使用不同数量的碳纤维强化塑料层和玻璃纤维强化塑料层。此外可以通过其它方式实现碳纤维强化塑料层和玻璃纤维强化塑料层的结构。
在图2中所示的由碳纤维强化塑料构成的层的纤维与由玻璃纤维强化塑料构成的层的纤维的90°取向同样仅仅是示例的。纤维也可以以不同于90°的角度相互取向。纤维的取向取决于，在哪个方向上要实现热膨胀并且在哪个方向上要抑制热膨胀。
附图标记清单
10  装置
11 第一部件
12 第二部件
13 第一部件的外圆周面
14 第二部件的内圆周面
20 工件
30 纤维复合材料层
31 纤维复合材料层
32 纤维复合材料层
33 纤维复合材料层
34 层30的纤维
35 层31的纤维
36 层32的纤维
37 层33的纤维
50 周向
51 轴向。

Claims (15)

1.用于工件（20）造型的装置（10），具有至少一个第一和至少一个第二部件（11，12），在所述第一和第二部件之间在热作用下可以挤压要成形的工件（20），其特征在于，所述第一和/或第二部件（11，12）在结构上和/或通过材料特性这样构成，使其热膨胀在不同方向上的大小是不同的。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，在不同方向上具有不同膨胀的所述第一和/或第二部件（11，12）包括由不同的、具有不同的热膨胀系数的复合材料、尤其纤维复合材料构成的层（30、31、32、33）。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述层（30、31、32、33）这样相互设置和/或相互连接，使热膨胀在一个或多个优选方向上实现。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的装置，其特征在于，所述层（30，31，33，33）这样相互设置和/或相互连接，使得在温度作用下确定热膨胀程度。
5.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，在不同方向上具有不同热膨胀的所述第一和/或第二部件（11，12）包括至少一个碳纤维强化塑料层（30，33）和至少一个玻璃纤维强化塑料层（31，32）。
6.如权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，至少一个碳纤维强化的塑料层（30，33）的纤维与至少一个玻璃纤维强化塑料层（31，32）的纤维不相互平行地取向。
7.如权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个碳纤维强化的塑料层（30，33）的纤维与至少一个玻璃纤维强化塑料层（31，32）的纤维相互间以约90°的角度取向。
8.如权利要求5至7中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述复合材料包括两个碳纤维强化塑料层（30，33），在所述两个碳纤维强化塑料层之间设置两个玻璃纤维强化塑料层（31，32），其中所有的层（30、31、32、33）相互间材料锁合和/或形状锁合地相互连接。
9.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置的第一和第二部件（11，12）相互间同心地设置，其中要被成形的工件（20）设置在第一部件（11）的外圆周面（13）与第二部件（12）的内圆周面（14）之间，并且其中第一部件（11）在结构上和/或通过材料特性这样构成，使其热膨胀在不同方向上的大小是不同的，并且第二部件（11）在不同方向上具有相同的热膨胀。
10.如权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一和第二部件（11，12）圆柱形地构成。
11.如权利要求9或10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一部件（11）在热作用下具有周向（50）上的热膨胀。
12.如权利要求9至11中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一部件（11）在热作用下没有轴向（51）上的热膨胀。
13.如权利要求9至12中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二部件（12）由均质的材料或复合材料构成。
14.如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二部件（12）在热作用下具有在周向（50）和轴向（51）上基本相同的热膨胀。
15.使用如上述权利要求中任一项所述装置的应用，用于加工由复合材料制成的工件。
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