JP7417607B2 - 圧縮成形された繊維複合部品および製造方法 - Google Patents
圧縮成形された繊維複合部品および製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7417607B2 JP7417607B2 JP2021530960A JP2021530960A JP7417607B2 JP 7417607 B2 JP7417607 B2 JP 7417607B2 JP 2021530960 A JP2021530960 A JP 2021530960A JP 2021530960 A JP2021530960 A JP 2021530960A JP 7417607 B2 JP7417607 B2 JP 7417607B2
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Images
Classifications
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- B29C70/345—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using matched moulds
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- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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- B29C66/526—Joining bars
- B29C66/5263—Joining bars for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces
- B29C66/52631—Joining bars for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/526—Joining bars
- B29C66/5264—Joining bars for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
- B29C66/52641—Joining bars for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/526—Joining bars
- B29C66/5265—Joining bars for forming cross-shaped connections, e.g. for making X-shaped pieces
- B29C66/52651—Joining bars for forming cross-shaped connections, e.g. for making X-shaped pieces with four right angles, e.g. for making +-shaped pieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
- B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
- B29C66/73753—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized
- B29C66/73754—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being partially cured
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
- B29C66/73941—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
- B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
- B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
- B29C66/91941—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to Tg, i.e. the glass transition temperature, of the material of one of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/91943—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to Tg, i.e. the glass transition temperature, of the material of one of the parts to be joined higher than said glass transition temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
- B29C70/465—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheets, powders of fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Description
本事例は、2018年11月30日に出願された米国特許出願第62/773,871号、2017年6月2日に出願された米国特許出願第15/612,720号、および2017年12月12日に出願された米国特許出願第15/840,826号の優先権を主張し、これらの出願はすべて、参照により本明細書に組み込まれている。本明細書と参照により本明細書に組み込まれている事例のうちの1つまたは複数との間に文言の矛盾または不一致がある場合、本明細書の文言が優先され、本明細書の特許請求の範囲の解釈において優先される。
レイアップを形成するステップであって、レイアップが、第1の繊維束ベースプリフォームと第2の繊維束ベースプリフォームとを含み、
(a)第1のプリフォームが、剛性を有し、第1の形状を有し、第1のマトリックス材料を含浸させた第1の複数の連続的な共配向繊維を備え、
(b)第2のプリフォームが、剛性を有し、第2の形状を有し、第2のマトリックス材料を含浸させた第2の複数の連続的な共配向繊維を備える、ステップと、
第1のプリフォームと第2のプリフォームを型キャビティにおいて熱および圧力を加えることによって統合するステップと、
統合された第1のプリフォームと第2のプリフォームを冷却し、それによって繊維複合部品を得るステップとを含む方法を提供する。
レイアップを形成するステップであって、レイアップが、第1の繊維束ベースプリフォームと第2の繊維束ベースプリフォームとを含み、
(a)第1のプリフォームが、剛性を有し、非平面状である第1の形状を有し、第1の形状が、互いに対して面外である2つの屈曲部を含み、第1のプリフォームが、熱可塑性樹脂マトリックスを含浸させた第1の複数の連続繊維を備え、
(b)第2のプリフォームが、剛性を有し、第2の形状を有し、熱可塑性樹脂マトリックスを含浸させた第2の複数の連続繊維を備える、ステップと、
第1のプリフォームと第2のプリフォームを型キャビティにおいて熱および圧力を加えることによって統合するステップと、
統合された第1のプリフォームと第2のプリフォームを冷却し、それによって繊維複合部品を得るステップとを含む方法を提供する。
繊維複合部品の第1の体積領域における第1の区間であって、
(a)第1の複数の共配向繊維を備える第1の部分、
(b)第2の複数の共配向繊維を備える第2の部分を有する第1の区間と、
繊維複合部品の第2の体積領域における第2の区間であって、第1の区間と第2の区間が互いに連続しており、第2の区間が、
(a)第1の複数の共配向繊維を備える第1の部分、
(b)第3の複数の共配向繊維を備える第2の部分を有し、第2の複数の共配向繊維と第3の複数の共配向繊維が、繊維タイプ、繊維体積分率、および繊維分布からなる群から選択された特性において互いに異なる、第2の区間とを備える繊維複合部品を提供する。
- 「繊維複合体」は、2つの一次構成要素、マトリックス材料および繊維材料を含む材料である。繊維材料(繊維)は一般に、それが付与する任意の他の特性に加えて複合体の強度をもたらす。マトリックスは、一般にポリマー樹脂から形成され、繊維を囲み支持してその相対位置を維持し、繊維の摩擦および環境攻撃を防止する。繊維と樹脂の組合せは相乗的であり、得られる特性は、特定の繊維、樹脂、および繊維体積分率に応じて異なる。
- 「繊維」は、繊維材料の個々の糸を意味する。繊維は、長さがその直径よりもずっと大きい。
- 「マトリックス材料」は、ポリマー樹脂、一般に熱可塑性またはBステージ(すなわち、部分的に硬化された)熱硬化性樹脂である。マトリックス材料はセラミックとすることもできる。
- 「共配向繊維」は、同じ方向に配向された複数の繊維を指す。
- 「トウ」は、「繊維の束」を意味し、それらの用語は、本明細書では、他に特に規定がなければ置き換え可能に使用される。トウは一般に、千単位で数えられる繊維に利用可能であり、1Kトウ、3Kトウ、6Kトウなどと言う。本明細書では、「フィラメント」という用語も「トウ」と同義に使用され得る。
- 「プリプレグ」は、樹脂を含浸させた繊維を意味する。
- 「トウプレグ」または「プリプレグトウ」は、樹脂を含浸させた繊維束(すなわち、トウ)を意味する。
- 「プリフォーム」または「フィラメントサブユニット」は、トウ/トウプレグの切り取られた部分または切り取られ形作られた部分を意味し、繊維束の断面は、アスペクト比(幅:厚さ)が約0.25から約6の間である。本明細書では、プリフォームおよびフィラメントサブユニットという用語は、切り取られ/形作られた「テープ」を明示的に除外し、このような「テープ」はアスペクト比(上記のような断面)が約10から約30の間である。プリフォームおよびフィラメントサブユニットという用語はまた、繊維のシートおよび積層体を明示的に除外する。
- 「連続繊維」は、プリフォーム/フィラメントサブユニットの一方の端部から他方の端部まで延びる繊維を指す。いくつかの文脈(すなわち、出願人の他の特許出願のうちのいくつか)では、連続繊維/連続プリフォームは、繊維/束が配置された型の主要要素の長さにほぼ等しい長さを有する繊維/プリフォームを指す。連続繊維は、一般に当技術分野で使用されるときの「チョップドファイバ」または「カットファイバ」とは異なる。チョップドファイバまたはカットファイバは、型および最終部品における無作為の配向を有し、型/部品のどの要素の長さとも所定の関係を有さない。本教示による繊維束ベースプリフォームは、チョップドファイバまたはカットファイバを含まない。
- 「連続マトリックス」は、(たとえば、プリフォーム、部品、部品の指定された領域の)断面全体にわたって均質なマトリックスを指す。
- 「ラティス」は、空隙と交差し空隙を囲む直線状または湾曲したセグメントからなるフレームワークを指す。
- 「約」または「実質的に」は、記載された値または公称値に対して±20%を意味する。
明細書では文脈において追加の定義が与えられる。
プリフォームの組成/内部構造は、プリフォームの製造材料であるトウプレグの組成/内部構造と同一であることを理解されたい。
プリフォームは一様または非一様な内部構造を有することができる。図2Aおよび図2Bは、図1A/図1Bのトウプレグ100の第1実施形態のプリフォーム102Aを示す。図2Aおよび図2Bに示す実施形態では、プリフォーム102Aは、一様な内部構造を有する(プリフォームの製造材料であるトウプレグが一様な内部構造を有することに起因する)。
図4~図8は、図2A/図2Bおよび図3A/図3Bのプリフォーム102Aおよび102Bの単純な直線状アーキテクチャに加えていくつかのプリフォームアーキテクチャを示す。
前述のように、本教示によれば、繊維束ベースプリフォームを使用して、圧縮成形などを介して部品が製造される。より詳細には、本教示によれば、2つ以上のそのようなプリフォームを型キャビティ内に配置し、型キャビティを閉じ、それによって型キャビティに圧力を加え、型キャビティの内容物の温度を上げてマトリックス材料を流動する、「すなわち、溶融流動する」程度に軟化させることによって部品が製造される。そのように圧力および温度を加えることによって、2つ以上のプリフォームが統合され、冷却後に完成した部品が得られる。
- 異なるマトリックス材料(たとえば、2つの異なる熱可塑性樹脂、それぞれに異なる充填材など)、
- 異なる繊維タイプ(たとえば、カーボン繊維対ガラスなど)
- 異なる繊維体積分率
- 繊維の一様な分布対非一様な分布
- 直線状対非直線状
- 平面状対非平面状
マトリックス材料がレイアップにおけるあるプリフォームと次のプリフォームと異なる範囲で、そのような異なるマトリックス材料は互いに適合しなければならない。本文脈では、「適合する」は、それぞれに異なるマトリックス材料が互いに接合することを意味する。
本発明の実施形態による、上述のように互いに異なることができる繊維束ベースプリフォームを選択的に配置することによって、部品のそれぞれに異なる領域においてそれぞれに異なる材料特性を有する部品を製造する能力が得られる。他のどの考慮事項の中でも、部品に対する使用時負荷は部品のそれぞれに異なる領域において異なることが多く、各領域でそれぞれに異なる応力ベクトルにおいて生じるのでこのことはかなり有利である。また、部品の特定の領域において特定の剛性または所望の電気的特性を得るための設計が上記のことによって容易になる。
(i)個別に実質的に任意の所望の形状および/またはサイズで形成することができ、
(ii)個別に繊維および/またはマトリックス材料組成、ならびに添加剤を変えることができ、
(iii)レイアップに配置されたときにプリフォームの形状および繊維配向を維持することができ、
(iv)材料に関する制限(テープおよびシートなど)なしに自由にレイアップに配置することができる。
機能(i)、(iii)、および(iv)に起因して、本発明の実施形態は、任意の所与のプリフォームにおける繊維およびマトリックス材料を製造中の部品の任意の体積領域に送るほぼ抑制されない能力を実現する。機能(ii)に起因して、本発明の実施形態は、部品の属性/特性を調整する前例のない能力を実現する。これらの機能を組み合わせると、製造業者は、部品の任意の体積位置に所望の属性/特性を有する繊維複合部品を製造することが可能である。このことは図10Eから容易に明らかになるはずである。
102 プリフォーム
102A プリフォーム
102B プリフォーム
204A 第1の端部
204B 端部
206A 第2の端部
206B 端部
208 繊維
210 マトリックス
402 プリフォーム
420 屈曲部
502 プリフォーム
520 屈曲部
602 プリフォーム
702 プリフォーム
730 積層要素
732 外側方形要素
734 内側方形要素
802 プリフォーム
840 セグメント
842 屈曲部
844 セグメント
846 屈曲部
848 セグメント
950 雌型半部
952 型キャビティ
954 プリフォーム
956 プリフォーム
958 レイアップ
960 プリフォーム
962 プリフォーム
964 プリフォーム
966 プリフォーム
968 プリフォーム
970 レイアップ
972 部品
974 アーム
976 アーム
1078 共配向繊維
1080 マトリックス材料
1081 区間
1082A、1082B、1082C、1082D、1082E 部分
1084 区間
1086A、1086B、1086C、1086D、1086E 部分
1088、1092 区間
1090A~1090D 部分
1092 区間
1094A、1094B 部分
1096 区間
1098A、1098B 部分
1100 フレーム
1102 開中央領域
1110 ラティス
1112 開体積
1120 ラティス
1122 開体積
1130 トラス
1132 開体積
1140 ハニカム
1142 開体積
Claims (11)
- 圧縮成形によって繊維複合部品を製造するための方法であって、
型キャビティ内での配置の前に、第1の繊維束ベースプリフォームおよび第2の繊維束ベースプリフォームを連結することによってプリフォームチャージを形成するステップであって、
(a)前記第1のプリフォームが、第1のマトリックス材料を含浸させた連続的な共配向繊維の単一の束であり、前記第1のプリフォームは実質的に円形または実質的に卵形の断面と、第1の形状を有する外部アーキテクチャとを有し、
(b)前記第2のプリフォームが、第2のマトリックス材料を含浸させた連続的な共配向繊維の単一の束であり、前記第2のプリフォームは実質的に円形または実質的に卵形の断面と、第2の形状を有する外部アーキテクチャとを有する、ステップと、
前記プリフォームチャージを前記型キャビティ内に配置するステップと、
前記プリフォームチャージを圧縮成形し、それにより前記第1のプリフォームおよび前記第2のプリフォームを前記型キャビティにおいて熱および圧力を加えることによって統合するステップと、
前記型キャビティにおいて、統合された前記プリフォームチャージを冷却することによって繊維複合部品を得るステップと、を備える方法。 - 前記第1の形状および前記第2の形状は、個別に選択され、非直線状、平面状、非平面状、開形、および閉形からなる群からの特性によって定義される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の形状は、第1の屈曲部と第2の屈曲部とを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の屈曲部と前記第2の屈曲部は、互いに対して面外であり、したがって、前記形状を有する前記第1のプリフォームは非平面状と特徴付けられる、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の屈曲部と前記第2の屈曲部は互いに直交する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のプリフォームおよび前記第2のプリフォームは、繊維タイプ、繊維体積分率、及び繊維分布からなる群から選択された少なくとも1つの特性が互いに異なる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の形状は前記第2の形状とは異なる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記繊維複合部品は、
(a)第1の部分を有する第1の区間であって、前記第1の区間の前記第1の部分は第1の繊維束ベースプリフォームから得られた繊維を備える第1の区間と、
(b)第2の部分を有する第2の区間であって、前記第2の区間の前記第2の部分は第2の繊維束ベースプリフォームから得られた繊維を備える第2の区間と、
を含み、
(c)前記第1の区間と前記第2の区間は連続しており、
前記プリフォームチャージを形成するステップは、それからの繊維が前記第1の体積領域を占有するように前記第1のプリフォームを配置するステップと、それからの繊維が前記第2の体積領域を占有するように前記第2のプリフォームを配置するステップとをさらに含み、
前記配置は、前記繊維複合部品に前記第1の区間で生じる応力および前記第2の区間で生じる応力にそれぞれ耐える能力を与えるように選択され、前記応力は方向および大きさの少なくとも一方が互いに異なる、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記第1の繊維束ベースプリフォーム及び前記第2の繊維束ベースプリフォームは、それぞれ、繊維タイプ、繊維体積分率、繊維分布、及びポリマー樹脂組成によって特徴づけられ、
前記第1の繊維束ベースプリフォーム及び前記第2の繊維束ベースプリフォームは、複数の前記特徴、前記少なくとも1つの異なる特徴、及び/又は前記プリフォームチャージに配置された前記第1の繊維束ベースプリフォーム及び前記第2の繊維束ベースプリフォームの繊維配向、の少なくとも1つに関して異なり、前記第1の区間と前記第2の区間との間で、前記繊維複合部品に異なる特性もしくは特性の異なる量を浸透させるために選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。 - 前記特性は、応力に耐える能力、剛性、導電性、及び熱伝導性からなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 圧縮成形によって繊維複合部品を製造するための方法であって、
レイアップを形成するステップであって、前記レイアップが、第1の繊維束ベースプリフォームと第2の繊維束ベースプリフォームとを含み、
(a)前記第1のプリフォームが剛性を有し、前記第1のプリフォームは実質的に円形または実質的に卵形の断面と、第1の形状によって特徴づけられる外部アーキテクチャとを有し、前記第1の形状は非平面状であり、互いに対して面外である2つの屈曲部を有し、前記第1のプリフォームは熱可塑性樹脂マトリックスを含浸させた第1の複数の連続繊維を備え、
(b)前記第2のプリフォームが剛性を有し、前記第2のプリフォームは実質的に円形または実質的に卵形の断面と、第2の形状によって特徴づけられる外部アーキテクチャとを有し、熱可塑性樹脂マトリックスを含浸させた第2の複数の連続繊維を備え、
(c)前記第1のプリフォームおよび前記第2のプリフォームのいずれもテープ、シート、または積層体の形状ではない、ステップと、
前記レイアップを型キャビティ内で圧縮成形し、それにより前記第1のプリフォームと前記第2のプリフォームとを熱および圧力を加えることによって統合するステップと、
前記型キャビティ内で前記統合された第1のプリフォームと第2のプリフォームとを冷却し、それによって繊維複合部品を得るステップと、を含む、方法。
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