CN102417479B - Stat3小分子选择性抑制剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
Stat3小分子选择性抑制剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种STAT3的小分子选择性抑制剂及其制备方法和应用,该STAT3的小分子选择性抑制剂包括式I、式II、式III和式IV四种结构通式。该制备为:2-苯基取代喹啉-4-羧酸氯化亚砜或者草酰氯反应,生成取代的酰氯,再与取代芳胺反应,生成取代喹啉-4-酰胺衍生物。该应用为在制备用于治疗与异常激活的STAT3通路有关的癌症药物中和作为STAT3信号通路抑制剂在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。本发明的STAT3抑制剂,是一类小分子选择性抑制剂,通过测定其对癌细胞的作用评价其活性的结果,可以得出本发明的小分子STAT3选择性抑制剂可用于相关的癌症治疗药物的开发,具有很广的用途,具有很好的医药疗效。本发明的小分子STAT3选择性抑制剂,种类多,原料易得,制备方法简单,产品纯度高,得率高,实用性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,涉及STAT3抑制剂,具体涉及一种STAT3的小分子选择性抑制剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
肿瘤的发病通常比较隐秘,早期诊断率低。随着癌基因、抑癌基因和其他相关基因的发现和研究的深入,肿瘤被认为是一种多基因异常的疾病,信号转导通路中的蛋白质功能异常在肿瘤发生发展中发挥重要作用。因此,对肿瘤相关的重要信号转导通路的研究,不仅可以阐明肿瘤发生发展的机理,也为新的治疗方案提供靶点,进行抗肿瘤的药物开发。
STAT3属于细胞信号传导与激活因子STAT蛋白家族的成员,在正常的细胞中,STAT3的激活是快速而短暂的,但是在人类的多种癌症中发现异常激活的STAT3,包括所有的主要癌症以及一些血液学肿瘤。体内外肿瘤模型也揭示了STAT3通路的异常激活在肿瘤发生和发展的必要性。
1998年,Becker等测定了STAT3β接合DNA的晶体结构(S.Becker,B.Groner,C.W.Müller.Naure,1998,394:145-151),揭示了STAT3蛋白的关键接合热点区域,STAT3单体通过SH2区域二聚是STAT3激活的关键一步。目前已经报道的STAT3抑制剂均针对SH2结构区域,主要包括磷酸化多肽和肽模拟物,小分子有机化合物。但是,由于多肽易代谢,生物利用率差,难以药用,因此,急需开发选择性高,活性强的有机小分子抑制剂。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种STAT3的小分子选择性抑制剂,以实现使其具有抑制具有异常激活的STAT3活性的细胞生长及引起凋亡等功能。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述STAT3的小分子选择性抑制剂的制备方法。
本发明还有一目的是提供上述STAT3的小分子选择性抑制剂的应用。
技术方案:为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:STAT3的小分子选择性抑制剂,结构通式包括式I、式II、式III和式IV,式I为
通式中,R1、R2、R3分别为H、卤素、氨基或被取代的氨基、硝基、氰基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、烷基(或被取代的烷基、烯基或被取代的烯基、炔基或被取代的炔基、芳基或被取代的芳基、环烷基或被取代的环烷基、烷氧基或被取代的烷氧基,以及杂环或被取代的杂环。
上述STAT3的小分子选择性抑制剂,结构式包括:
上述的STAT3的小分子选择性抑制剂在制备用于治疗与异常激活的STAT3通路有关的癌症药物中的应用。
上述的STAT3的小分子选择性抑制剂在制备用于治疗与异常激活的STAT3通路有关的癌症药物中的应用,所述癌症包括乳癌、头颈癌、肺癌、胰腺癌、结肠直肠癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、肾细胞癌、肝细胞癌、子宫颈癌、胃癌、肉瘤、黑素瘤、脑肿瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、白血病和淋巴瘤。
上述的STAT3的小分子选择性抑制剂作为STAT3信号通路抑制剂在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
由于本发明STAT3的小分子选择性抑制剂中含有氮原子,故化合物与酸可以形成盐,该盐可以为无机或有机酸的盐,酸的实例包括但不限于盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、硫酸、乳酸、马来酸、富马酸、羟乙酸、琥珀酸、乙酸、甲酸、磷酸、对甲苯磺酸、酒石酸、苯甲酸、丙二酸、磺酸、苯磺酸、乙磺酸等。
所述具有异常激活的STAT3活性的细胞指的是与正常(及非患病)的细胞相比,其中STAT3被激活的时间更长或程度更大。
所述烷基为含有1-12个碳原子的、优选1-6个碳原子的直链或者支链烷烃基,包括甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、异丁基、戊基等;所述被取代的烷基为一个或多个取代基的烷基,示例性的取代基包括但不限于卤素、硝基。
所述被取代的氨基为一个或两个取代基,示例性的取代基包括但不限于卤素、烷基。
所述烯基为含有2-12个碳原子并且至少含有一个碳-碳双键的直链或者支链烃基,示例性的基团包括乙烯基和烯丙基;所述被取代的烯基为一个或多个氢原子被取代的烯基,取代基包括烷基乙基被取代的烷基等。
所述炔基为2-12个碳原子并且至少含有一个碳-碳叁键的直链或者支链烃基,示例性的基团包括乙炔基;所述被取代的炔基为一个或多个氢原子被取代的炔基,取代基包括烷基乙基被取代的烷基等。
所述芳基为含有1-5个芳族环的环状芳族烃基,例如苯基、联苯基和萘基;所述被取代的芳基为一个或多个氢原子被卤素、烷基、烯基等取代的芳基。
所述环烷基为含有1-4个环且每个环含有3-8碳的完全饱和环状烷基,包括环丙基、环丁基等;所述被取代的环烷基为被一个或多个取代基取代的环烷基,示例性的取代基包括但不限于卤素、硝基、烷基、氰基等。
所述杂环为至少含有一个杂原子的环状基团;所述被取代的杂环为被一个或多个取代基取代的杂环,示例性的取代基包括卤素、硝基、氰基、烷基。
所述烷氧基为烷基上的一个氢被氧原子取代,并且以氧原子作为连接点的取代基。所述被取代的烷氧基为含有一个或多个取代基团的烷氧基,示例性的取代基包括卤素、硝基、氰基等。
一种制备STAT3的小分子选择性抑制剂的方法,使用的2-联苯基取代喹啉-4-羧酸氯化亚砜或者草酰氯反应,生成取代的酰氯,再与取代芳胺反应,生成取代喹啉-4-酰胺衍生物。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有的突出优点包括:本发明的STAT3抑制剂,是一类小分子选择性抑制剂,通过测定其对癌细胞的作用评价其活性的结果,可以得出本发明的STAT3小分子选择性抑制剂可用于相关的癌症治疗药物的开发,具有很广的用途,具有很好的医药疗效。本发明的小分子STAT3选择性抑制剂,种类多,制备方法简单,产品纯度高,得率高,实用性强,具有经济前景,能够产生很好的社会效益。
附图说明
图1是PQC与STAT3的SH2区域对接模型图,图中只显示与PQC形成氢键的残基;
图2是PQC与STAT3的SH2区域对接模型图,SH2区域以表面模型的方式显示;
图3是MTT法测定癌细胞存活性的结果图;图中,化合物浓度分别为10μmol和100μmol,选用的癌细胞为人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-468;
图4是MTT法测定癌细胞存活性的结果图;图中,化合物浓度为100μmol,选用的癌细胞为人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例是对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1 基于STAT3蛋白结构的小分子抑制剂的虚拟筛选
STAT3有机小分子抑制剂,通过虚拟筛选得到。从ProteinDataBank中获得代码为1BG1的蛋白晶体结构。在虚拟筛选中使用的数据库包括Specs,Maybridge,这两个数据库总共包括超过400,000个有机化合物,这些数据库可从ZINC数据库中获得,所获得的是化合物的三维模型。
使用的分子对接程序Autod℃k(4.2版本)和虚拟筛选工具PyRx进行虚拟筛选。为了得到更好的筛选结构,蛋白结构1BG1的链B从结构中除去,并经过除水、加氢、混合非极性氢、计算GasteigerCharges的处理,对接区域设置在蛋白的SH2区域,Gridbox设置的足够大以整个SH2的可接触表面。从ZINC数据库得到小分子的三维模型,所有的小分子经过对接,得到与蛋白的接合能,对接结果按照从低到高的顺序进行排列,选择其中对接能小于-9.0kcal/mol的分子,在ZINC数据库中查看其结构,从中选择合理的结构进行设计。分析对接结果,2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸衍生物PQC能与蛋白中SH2区域的LYS591、ILE634及GLN635形成氢键(图1),并且PQC类化合物的空间结构能够较好的进入SH2区域的三角形结构(图2),据此对化合物的结构进行改造,合成一系列的PQC类化合物。
实施例2 2-苯基-6-氯喹啉-4-羧酸甲酯的合成
40mL水,90g硫酸钠混合于1000mL反应瓶中,9.92g三氯乙醛溶于20mL水中,加入反应瓶。5.51g对氯苯胺,10mL浓盐酸,70mL水混合成均匀溶液,缓慢滴入反应瓶。滴加完毕后,滴加9.03g盐酸羟胺的40mL水溶液,滴完升温至85℃反应2.5h,快速冷却至室温,析出白色固体,抽滤,水洗,烘干得7.3g产物N-(4-氯苯基)-2-肟)乙酰胺的合成2。该反应的反应式为:
对产物进行表征,具体数据为:1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ12.19(s,1H),10.29(s,1H),7.75-7.66(m,2H),7.63(s,1H),7.41-7.33(m,2H)。
100mL反应瓶中加入30mL浓硫酸,加热至60℃,分批加入上述产物23.5g,加完升温至90℃反应30min,冷却至室温,倾入足量的冰水中,析出黄色固体,为5-氯靛红3。该反应反应式为:
对产物进行表征,具体数据为:1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ11.12(s,1H),7.60(dd,J=8.4,2.3,1H),7.54(d,J=2.2,1H),6.91(d,J=8.4,1H)。
60mL乙醇中加入KOH2g,加热至溶解,加入5-氯靛红2g,回流反应30min,然后加入4-溴苯乙酮2.4g,回流反应72h,冷却至室温,浓缩,残余物加水后酸化至PH=4,搅拌反应30min抽滤得黄色固体,水洗,烘干得2-苯基-6-氯喹啉-4-羧酸5。该反应反应式为:
对产物进行表征,具体数据为:1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ8.74(d,J=2.3,1H),8.49(s,1H),8.31-8.17(m,2H),8.11(d,J=9.0,1H),7.80(dd,J=9.0,2.3,1H),7.59-7.45(m,3H)。
400mg2-苯基-6-氯喹啉-4-羧酸加入至2mL氯化亚砜的10mL甲醇溶液中,升温回流反应4h,冷却至室温后浓缩,残余物加甲醇5mL,超声振荡,析出白色固体,抽滤,少量甲醇洗涤得产物2-苯基-6-氯喹啉-4-羧酸甲酯。该反应的反应式为:
对产物进行表征,具体数据为:1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ8.61(s,1H),8.48(s,1H),8.23(d,J=5.4,2H),8.12(d,J=8.9,1H),7.83(d,J=8.8,1H),7.54(s,3H),4.00(s,3H)。13CNMR(75MHz,DMSO):δ166.03,156.53,147.16,137.64,135.22,133.00,132.18,131.18,130.66,129.38,127.58,124.40,124.18,120.85,53.41;positiveESI-MSm/z297[M+1]
实施例3 2-(4-溴苯基)-6-氯喹啉-4-羧酸甲酯的合成
2-(4-溴苯基)-6-氯喹啉-4-羧酸甲酯结构式为:
合成方法同实施例2中2-苯基-6-氯喹啉-4-羧酸甲酯的合成,不同的是使用4-溴苯乙酮替代例2中的苯乙酮,得到2-(4-溴苯基)-6-氯喹啉-4-羧酸,2-(4-溴苯基)-6-氯喹啉-4-羧酸与甲醇反应制得2-(4-溴苯基)-6-氯喹啉-4-羧酸甲酯。
对产物进行表征,具体数据为:1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ8.60(s,1H),8.47(s,1H),8.23(s,2H),8.10(s,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.46-1.62(m,3H),4.00(s,3H);13CNMR(125MHz,DMSO):δ168.89,157.95,143.08,138.15,136.15,132.46,131.8,131.72,130.59,130.22,129.77,125.43,124.81,123.11,52.08;positiveESI-MSm/z375[M+1]+。
实施例4 2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸甲酯的合成
2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸甲酯结构式为:
合成方法同例2,不同的是使用苯胺代替例2中的对氯苯胺,生成靛红,靛红与苯乙酮反应生成2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸,2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸再与氯化亚砜、甲醇反应得目标产物。
对产物进行表征,具体数据为:1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ8.55(d,J=7.9,1H),8.48(s,1H),8.31-8.25(m,2H),8.19(d,J=8.3,1H),7.92-7.83(m,1H),7.77-7.67(m,1H),7.63-7.51(m,3H),4.01(s,3H);13CNMR(75MHz,DMSO):δ166.38,155.94,147.64,137.38,137.19,131.20,130.78,129.37,129.25,128.64,127.89,125.54,123.55,120.06,53.41;positiveESI-MSm/z263[M+1]+。
实施例5 6-氯-N-(4-氯苯基)-2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺的合成
6-氯-N-(4-氯苯基)-2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺结构式为:
合成方法同例4,不同的是使用6-氯-2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸代替例4中的2-(4-溴苯基)-6-氯喹啉-4-羧酸。
对产物进行表征,具体数据为:1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ10.98(s,1H),8.45(s,1H),8.36(dd,J=7.8,1.5Hz,2H),8.22(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),8.20(s,1H),8.17(s,1H),7.90-7.80(m,3H),7.63-7.52(m,3H),7.47(d,J=8.8Hz,2H);13CNMR(75MHz,DMSO):δ165.15,156.73,146.83,141.77,138.05,132.30,132.15,131.24,130.63,129.35,129.13,128.29,127.79,124.26,122.12,118.61;positiveESI-MSm/z394[M+1]+.
实施例6 2-(4-溴苯基)-6-氯-N-(4-氯苯基)喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺的合成
2-(4-溴苯基)-6-氯-N-(4-氯苯基)喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺结构式为:
180mg 2-(4-溴苯基)-6-氯喹啉-4-羧酸加入至4mL氯化亚砜回流反应4h,浓缩除去多余的氯化亚砜,残余物加甲苯的10mL,吡啶6mL,对氯苯胺49mg,升温至80℃反应2h,反应完毕,浓缩,残余物加甲醇,超声振荡,析出白色固体,抽滤,甲醇洗涤,烘干得产物,2-(4-溴苯基)-6-氯-N-(4-氯苯基)喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺。
对产物进行表征,具体数据为:1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ10.98(s,1H),8.45(s,1H),8.36(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),8.26-8.13(m,2H),7.93-7.78(m,3H),7.57(d,J=7.4Hz,3H),7.47(d,J=8.6Hz,2H);13CNMR(75MHz,DMSO):δ165.15,156.73,146.83,141.78,138.05,132.30,132.16,131.26,130.65,129.36,129.14,128.29,127.79,124.26,122.12,118.62;positiveESI-MSm/z472[M+1]+。
实施例7 N-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺的合成
N-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺结构式为:
合成方法同例4。不同是使用2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸与对甲氧基苯胺反应得到。
对产物进行表征,具体数据为:1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ10.67(s,1H),8.36(dd,J=8.1,1.4Hz,2H),8.31(s,1H),8.17(dd,J=7.8,4.5Hz,2H),7.84(ddd,J=8.4,6.9,1.3Hz,1H),7.77-7.69(m,2H),7.66(ddd,J=8.2,6.9,1.1Hz,1H),7.62-7.49(m,3H),6.98(d,J=9.1Hz,2H);13CNMR(75MHz,DMSO):δ165.21,156.20,148.30,143.55,138.53,132.35,130.65,130.32,129.98,129.29,127.71,125.55,123.66,121.93,117.16,114.31,55.60;positiveESI-MSm/z354[M+1]+。
实施例8 N,N′-(1,2-邻二苯基)双(2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺)的合成
N,N′-(1,2-邻二苯基)双(2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺)结构式为:
2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸300mg溶于5mL氯化亚砜与10mL甲苯的混合溶液中,升温回流反应4h,浓缩除去多余的氯化亚砜。残余物加邻苯二胺54mg,甲苯10mL,吡啶6mL,升温至80℃反应4h,反应完毕,蒸除甲苯和多余的吡啶,残余物加甲醇,超声波超声,过滤,洗涤,得白色固体目标产物。
对产物进行表征,具体数据为:1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ10.47(s,2H),8.43(s,1H),8.28(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),8.11(dd,J=11.2,8.0Hz,6H),7.87(dd,J=5.9,3.5Hz,2H),7.78(dd,J=11.2,4.1Hz,2H),7.51(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.47-7.34(m,4H),7.30(t,J=7.4Hz,4H);13CNMR(75MHz,DMSO)δ165.84,156.08,148.38,142.76,138.35,132.72,131.53,130.63,130.19,129.94,129.06,127.58,127.39,127.24,126.56,126.44,125.76,123.73,117.71;positiveESI-MSm/z571[M+1]+。
实施例9 N,N′-(1,2-邻二苯基)双(6-甲基-2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺)的合成
N,N′-(1,2-邻二苯基)双(6-甲基-2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺)结构式为:
2-苯基-6-甲基喹啉-4-羧酸320mg溶于5mL氯化亚砜与10mL甲苯的混合溶液中,升温回流反应4h,浓缩除去多余的氯化亚砜。残余物加邻苯二胺54mg,甲苯10mL,吡啶6mL,升温至80℃反应4h,反应完毕,蒸除甲苯和多余的吡啶,残余物加甲醇,超声波超声,过滤,洗涤,烘干得白色固体。
对产物进行表征,具体数据为:1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ10.49(s,2H),8.39(s,2H),7.05-8.11(m,8H),7.85(s,2H),7.61(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.47-7.13(m,8H),2.35(s,6H);13CNMR(75MHz,DMSO):δ165.95,155.13,147.05,141.97,138.49,137.26,132.69,131.70,129.95,129.68,129.00,127.40,127.25,126.71,126.42,124.45,123.74,117.75,21.62;positiveESI-MSm/z599[M+1]+。
实施例10 N,N′-(1,3-间二苯基)双(2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺)的合成
N,N′-(1,3-间二苯基)双(2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺)结构式为:
2-苯基-6-甲基喹啉-4-羧酸320mg溶于5mL氯化亚砜与10mL甲苯的混合溶液中,升温回流反应4h,浓缩除去多余的氯化亚砜。残余物加间苯二胺54mg,甲苯10mL,吡啶6mL,升温至80℃反应4h,反应完毕,蒸除甲苯和多余的吡啶,残余物加甲醇,超声波超声,过滤,洗涤,烘干得白色固体目标产物。
对产物进行表征,具体数据为:1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO):δ10.49(s,2H),8.39(s,2H),8.03(d,J=16.6,8H),7.85(s,2H),7.61(d,J=7.9,2H),7.47-7.13(m,8H),2.35(s,6H);13CNMR(75MHz,DMSO)δ165.76,156.19,148.29,143.33,139.63,138.52,130.68,130.34,130.04,129.51,129.31,127.73,125.41,123.60,117.27,116.30,112.20.positiveESI-MSm/z571[M+1]+。
实施例11 2-([1,1′联苯基]-4-基)-N-(p-甲苯基)喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺的合成
2-([1,1′联苯基]-4-基)-N-(p-甲苯基)喹啉-4-羧酸酰胺结构式为:
2-([1,1′联苯基]-4)-基喹啉-4-羧酸330mg溶于5mL氯化亚砜与10mL甲苯的混合溶液中,升温回流反应4h,浓缩除去多余的氯化亚砜。残余物加对氨基甲苯85mg,甲苯10mL,吡啶6mL,升温至80℃反应4h,反应完毕,蒸除甲苯和多余的吡啶,残余物加甲醇,超声波超声,过滤,洗涤,烘干得白色固体目标产物。
实施例12 生物活性的测定
细胞的培养:人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-468细胞用含15%胎牛血清(FBS)的RPMI-1640培养基,在37度培养箱内培养,取对数生长期细胞用于实验。
MTT细胞存活性实验:人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-468三组平行种于96孔板中(5-10×104cells/well),分别用用化合物PQC1-71μM、10μM及100μM处理48h。每孔中加入20μl3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)孵化4h,然后加入每孔中100μlDMSO,置摇床上低速振荡10min,使结晶物充分溶解。在酶联免疫检测仪OD490nm处测量各孔的吸光值。
实验结果表明,PQC类化合物中的一些可明显抑制MDA-MB-468细胞增殖(图3),具有较好的剂量-效应依赖关系。在所测试的化合物中,PQC-2、PQC-3、PQC-5、PQC-6对具有持续激活的STAT3活性的MDA-MB-468细胞具有良好的抑制作用。而这些化合物对不含有续激活的STAT3活性的MCF-7细胞的抑制作用相对较低(图4),表明这些化合物对STAT3活性的细胞具有一定的选择性抑制作用。
实施例13
参照实施例12的细胞培养方法,对人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-453、前列腺癌细胞DU-145、急性髓系白血病细胞℃I-AML-2等细胞以100μmol的PQC类化合物作用,部分结果见表1。
表1 MTT法测定癌细胞存活性的结果表
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