CN102417474A - D-异谷氨酰基-d-色氨酸制备的新方法 - Google Patents
D-异谷氨酰基-d-色氨酸制备的新方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102417474A CN102417474A CN201110288091XA CN201110288091A CN102417474A CN 102417474 A CN102417474 A CN 102417474A CN 201110288091X A CN201110288091X A CN 201110288091XA CN 201110288091 A CN201110288091 A CN 201110288091A CN 102417474 A CN102417474 A CN 102417474A
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/18—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D209/20—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals substituted additionally by nitrogen atoms, e.g. tryptophane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/02—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link
- C07K5/0215—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link containing natural amino acids, forming a peptide bond via their side chain functional group, e.g. epsilon-Lys, gamma-Glu
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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- Indole Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种D-异谷氨酰基-D-色氨酸(D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH)制备方法,包含以下步骤:(A)R1-D-Glu-OR2在HONb条件下活化,得到R1-D-Glu(ONb)-OR2(II);(B)在碱性条件下与D-Trp-OR2缩合,得到R1-D-Glu(D-Trp-OR2)-OR2(IV),结晶纯化;(C)通过氢化脱除保护基R1和R2,得到D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH(V);该方法通过控制中间体R1-D-iGlu-D-Trp-OR2的纯度可有效控制产品中的杂质,纯化工艺简单,可得到高纯度D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH,缩短了合成路线,大幅度提高收率,利于节约生产成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种二肽的制备方法,尤其涉及D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH的制备方法。
背景技术
D-异谷氨酰胺-D-色氨酸,英文化学命名:(R)-2-amino-5-((R)-1- carboxy-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)ethylamino)-5-oxopentanoic acid ,别名为H-D-γ-Glu-D-Trp-OH,H-D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH,iDD或D-iEW,是一种合成血调节二肽,分子量:333.34,CAS登记号:186087-26-3。具有以下化学结构(1):
US 5736519以Boc-D-Glu-OH和D-Trp-OH为原料,用DCC缩合后通过甲酸脱保护得到D-Glu-D-Trp-OH和D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH的混合物。最后通过Sephadex SP-PEA离子交换色谱柱分离得到D-Glu-D-Trp-OH和D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH,收率12.25%。这种合成方法一个明显的特点就是反应不具有选择性,同时得到D-Glu-D-Trp-OH和D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH,降低了合成收率,同时纯化的难度也随之增加。WO2008064465指出这种方法还存在三个不足之处:
1. 在DCC缩合过程中可能导致以下副产物(化合物3,化合物4)的生成:
2. Boc-D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH脱保护需升高温度,需用到毒性较大的吡啶。温度的升高可能导致N-叔丁基吲哚衍生物(化合物5)的生成,此外,该肽还有可能环化,产生二酰亚胺(化合物6)。
3. 该偶合反应只能生成Boc-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH和Boc-D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH的混合物,为了富集D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH,需多次分离循环,效率较低,不适合大规模生产。
WO2008064465描述的合成方法中羧基保护基采用苄基或者1-4个C原子的烷基,因此涉及到用碱脱保护的问题。该方法的优点:1、Glu的α羧基保护,避免生成Boc-D-Glu-D-Trp-OH,反应具有选择性。2、偶联过程中所使用的HOBt产生的杂质副产物(化合物7,化合物8)可通过结晶的方法纯化得到单铵盐,不需要通过HPLC制备纯化。
该方法也存在一个很大的问题,D-Trp-OH比较容易消旋,用碱脱保护可能存在消旋的情况发生,给后续的纯化带来不利。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足而提供一种高收率,高纯度的D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH合成方法。该方法的优点是路线短,原料便宜易得,合成过程产生的杂质较少并且易于纯化。总收率达到48%以上,可大幅度节约合成及纯化的成本。
本发明描述的合成方法,特征在于包含以下步骤:
(A)R1-D-Glu-OR2在HONb条件下活化,得到R1-D-Glu(ONb)-OR2 (II);
将II进行初步纯化后备用;
(B) R1-D-Glu(ONb)-OR2 (II)在碱性条件下与D-Trp-OR2缩合,得到R1-D-Glu(D-Trp-OR2)-OR2 (IV),纯化;
(C) R1-D-Glu(D-Trp-OR2)-OR2 (IV)通过氢化脱除保护基R1和R2,得到D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH(V);
(D) 纯化。
其中R1=-H,-CO2CH2C6H5,-CO2CH2C6H4Br,-CO2CH2C6H4Cl,-CO2CH2C6H4NO2,-CO2CH2C6H4OCH; R2= -CH2C6H5,-CH2C6H4Br,-CH2C6H4Cl,-CH2C6H4NO2,-CH2C6H4OCH3。优选:
更优选:苯甲酯基,即-OBzl。
本发明中D-谷氨酸的氨基用R1保护,主链羧基用R2保护,谷氨酸经HONb活化之后参与缩合反应。谷氨酸的主链羧基采用R2保护,主要目的是为了提高反应选择性,减少纯化步骤。 本发明中D-色氨酸的羧基用R2保护。R1,R2同时采用可氢化的苄氧羰基(或者苯环对位被取代的苄氧羰基)和苄酯(或者苯环对位被取代的苄酯),可减少脱保护的步骤。
本发明中的R1-D-Glu-OR2上羧基经HONb活化时所使用的溶剂可以为卤代烃,例如:二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷或四氯化碳等,或脂肪烃,例如乙腈、乙酸乙酯等,或芳香烃,例如甲苯、二甲苯、硝基苯、各种卤代苯等,或醚类溶剂,例如:四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氧六环等,反应可以在单一溶剂中进行,或在其任意两种或两种以上的混合物中进行,优选为THF。
本发明缩合步骤使用缩合剂,偶联剂包括二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC),N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC),1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(EDC),苯并三唑四甲基四氟硼酸(TBTU)。
本发明的缩合步骤使用溶剂,溶剂为有机溶剂或者水,有机溶剂可以为卤代烃,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷或四氯化碳等,或脂肪烃,例如乙腈、乙酸乙酯等,或芳香烃:甲苯、二甲苯、硝基苯、各种卤代苯等或醚类溶剂,例如:四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氧六环等,反应可以在单一溶剂中进行,也可以在其任意两种或两种以上的混合物中进行。优选为水。
本发明的缩合步骤所使用碱,碱为有机碱或者无机碱。有机碱可以是三乙胺,二乙胺或者N-甲基吗啉等。无机碱可以是碳酸氢钠,碳酸氢钾,碳酸钠,碳酸钾,氢氧化钠或者氢氧化钾等。优选为碳酸氢钠。
本发明中R1-D-Glu(D-Trp-OR2)-OR2 (IV)采用结晶的方式进行纯化,结晶溶剂包括乙酸乙酯、乙醚、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、石油醚、正己烷、正庚烷等或其任意两种或两种以上的混合物。优选为乙酸乙酯/石油醚。R1-D-Glu(D-Trp-OR2)-OR2 (IV)的HPLC纯度为:99.5%,ee值:99.9%,单杂<0.1%。收率:81.1%。结晶纯化后的R1-D-Glu(D-Trp-OR2)-OR2 (IV)中未发现DCC的衍生物。
本发明的氢化步骤可采用催化氢化和氢转移催化两种方式进行。催化氢化采用催化剂,催化剂包括Pd/C,兰尼镍,Pt,Pt/C,PtO2,Pd(OH)2,R/C,RhCl(PPh3)3等,Pd/C、Rh/C或Pt/C是Pd、Rh或Pt的金属纳米颗粒粒或氧化物颗粒负载在碳上,碳可以是CNT(碳纳米管)或者是碳薄膜,也可以是活性炭等碳材料。
催化氢化可在室温下进行,也可以加热,温度范围为:20-80℃;氢气压可以是1-10Atm;催化剂加入比例相当于底物质量的的5-200%。优选条件为为催化剂为Pd/C,温度为20℃,氢气气压为10Atm,催化剂加入比例相当于底物质量的100%。
氢转移催化不直接使用氢气,安全易操作。参与反应的供氢体包括环己烯、环己二烯、甲酸、甲酸铵、四氢化萘等。反应可以使用单一供氢体,也可以是任意两种或两种以上的混合物。优选为甲酸。
本发明的氢化步骤使用的溶剂可以是甲醇、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、二氧六环等或其任意两种或两种以上的混合物。优选为甲醇。
本发明中D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH的纯化可采用结晶的方法得到。将步骤(C)得到的D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH粗品水溶液调节至其等电点,D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH在水溶液中析出,将沉淀过滤后真空干燥。优选将D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH粗品用水溶解后配置浓度为5-200mg/ml的水溶液,调节溶液pH值至其等电点,D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH在水溶液中析出,将沉淀过滤后真空干燥得到D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH。
本发明中D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH的纯化可采用洗涤的方法得到。D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH粗品用水溶解,用酸调节pH至3.0,旋蒸至干。在残留物中加入乙醇或者甲醇,剧烈搅拌,不溶物过滤除去,滤液旋蒸后干燥得白色固体。
本发明中D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH可采用离子交换树脂进行纯化。D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH粗品用水溶解,用离子树脂吸附后用去离子水冲洗,然后再用稀氨水或者稀盐酸解吸附。浓缩,冻干,得D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH。
本发明的优点在于在缩合过程无消旋的情况发生。中间体R1-D-Glu(D-Trp-OR2)-OR2 (IV)可以通过结晶进行纯化,产品纯度>99%,ee值>99%,单杂<0.1%,不含有现有技术中报道的由DCC引入的DCC衍生物杂质。说明通过结晶的方式可以控制该步骤所产生的杂质。R1-D-Glu(D-Trp-OR2)-OR2 (IV)采用氢化的方式进行还原,除参与反应的R1-D-Glu(D-Trp-OR2)-OR2 (IV)之外不产生其他不易纯化的杂质。因此通过控制R1-D-Glu(D-Trp-OR2)-OR2 (IV)中杂质的量,可很好地控制后续产品中的杂质,减少后续步骤的纯化成本。本方案步骤少、原料易得,相对于文献报道的方法,大幅度地提高了D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH的合成收率,有利于节约成本。
附图说明:
图1: Amberlyst 15 resin纯化D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH的紫外检测仪图谱;
图2: GA4-X4 Resin 纯化D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH的紫外检测仪图谱。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1:Z-D-Glu(ONb)-OBzl的合成
在100ml两口圆底烧瓶中加入Z-D-Glu-OBzl(7.4g,20mmol)和HONb(3.9g,22mmol),用50mL THF搅拌溶解。DCC(4.5g,2.2mmol)用10mL THF溶解后在冰水浴中滴加加入,水浴中搅拌3h。反应液过滤,滤液用用旋蒸浓缩至干后用Et2O/DCM (V:V=5:1)溶解残留油状物,静置1h后过滤除去不溶物,滤液用旋蒸浓缩至干后溶解于10mL THF中备用,下称“活化酯THF溶液”。
实施例2:Z-D-Glu(D-Trp-OBzl)-OBzl的合成
在250ml两口原地烧瓶中加入D-Trp-OBzl.HCl(6.6g,20mmol)和NaHCO3(6.7g,mmol),用40mL去离子水溶解后加入30mL THF搅拌10min,缓慢滴加实施例1中制备得到的活化酯THF溶液,室温搅拌4h。反应液旋蒸浓缩除去大部分THF之后,出现白色固体,过滤得到白色固体,先后用水、乙醚洗涤,真空干燥后得到粗产品。粗品用THF/石油醚(V:V=10:1)重结晶2次,得到10.5g Z-D-Glu(D-Trp-OBzl)-OBzl白色固体,HPLC:99.5%,ee值:99.9%,单杂<0.1%。收率:81.1% 。ESI-MS:648.2(M+H+),670.1(M+Na+);400-MHz 1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ10.901(s,1H, NH -indoel),8.416(d,1H,amide),7.855(d,1H,amide),7.533-6.992(m,20H,CH-benzene),5.158-5.003(m,6H,CH2-benzene methylene),4.633(m,1H, α-CH of D-Trp),4.192(m,1H, α-CH of D-Glu),3.227-3.079(m,2H,methylene of D-Trp),2.295-1.844(m,4H,methylene of D-Glu);300-MHz 13C NMR(DMSO-d6)δ172.42-156.59(C=O,carboxyl or amide),137.27-109.77(indoel of benzene)66.37-65.98(CH2-benzene methylene),54.07-53.76(α-CH of AA),31.63-26.87(methylene of AA)。
实施例3:Z-D-Glu(D-Trp-OBzl)-OBzl的合成
在250ml两口原地烧瓶中加入D-Trp-OBzl.HCl(6.6g,20mmol)和NaHCO3(6.7g,mmol),用40mL去离子水溶解后加入30mL THF搅拌10min,缓慢滴加实施例1中制备的活化酯THF溶液,室温搅拌4h。反应液旋蒸浓缩除去大部分THF之后,出现白色固体,过滤得到白色固体,先后用水、乙醚洗涤,真空干燥后得到粗产品。粗品用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(V:V=8:1)重结晶2次,得到10.5g Z-D-Glu(D-Trp-OBzl)-OBzl白色固体,HPLC:99.2%,收率:77.3%。
实施例4:
在反应釜中加入Z-D-Glu(D-Trp-OBzl)-OBzl(1.0g,1.5mmol),用50mL 甲醇溶解后加入1.0g 10%Pd/C,通入氢气,保持气压为1Atm,加热至80℃搅拌20h。反应液过滤得到无色溶液,浓缩之后冻干得白色固体。HPLC>99.0%。收率:95.0%。ESI-MS:334.1(M+H+),356.1(M+Na+);500-MHz 1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ10.8670(s,1H, COOH),8.1150(d,1H,amide),7.5185-6.9116(m,5H,CH- indoel),4.2464(m,1H, α-CH of D-Trp),3.2618(m,1H, α-CH of D-Glu),3.2240-2.8872(m,2H,methylene of D-Trp),2.2548-1.7970(m,4H,methylene of D-Glu);500-MHz 13C NMR(DMSO-d6)δ178.528(COOH),173.919(C=O, amide),136.215-110.637(indoel),55.955(α-CH of D-Trp),54.441(α-CH of D-Glu),32.031(methylene of D-Trp),27.619-26.449(methylene of D-Glu)。
实施例5:
在反应釜中加入Z-D-Glu(D-Trp-OBzl)-OBzl(1.0g,1.5mmol),用50mL 甲醇溶解后加入1.0g 10%Pd/C,通入氢气,保持气压为10Atm,20℃下搅拌20h。反应液过滤得到无色水溶液,浓缩之后冻干得白色固体。HPLC>99.0%。收率:93.0%
实施例6:
在反应釜中加入Z-D-Glu(D-Trp-OBzl)-OBzl(1.0g,1.5mmol),用50mL 甲醇溶解后加入2.0g 10%Pd/C,甲酸铵(1.0g,16mmol),室温搅拌20h。反应液过滤得到无色水溶液,浓缩之后用离子交换树脂(AG 4-X4 Resin)过滤,冻干得白色固体。HPLC>99.0%。收率:63.0% 。
实施例7:
在反应釜中加入Z-D-Glu(D-Trp-OBzl)-OBzl(1.0g,1.5mmol),用50mL THF溶解后加入0.05g 10% Pd/C,甲酸(50ml,1.33mol),室温搅拌20h。反应液过滤得到无色水溶液,浓缩之后用离子交换树脂(AG 4-X4 Resin)过滤,冻干得白色固体。HPLC>99.0%。收率:68.0%。
实施例8:
称取10g D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH粗品,加入50ml去离子水,搅拌溶解后加入1mol/L HOAc水溶液,调节pH值至3.0,D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH在水溶液中析出,将沉淀过滤后真空干燥得到D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH。HPLC>99.0%。收率:54.0%。
实施例9:
称取10g D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH粗品,加入500ml去离子水,用盐酸酸调节pH至3.0,旋蒸至干。在残留物中加入乙醇或者甲醇,剧烈搅拌,不溶物过滤除去,滤液旋蒸后干燥得白色固体。HPLC>99.0%。收率:51.0%。
实施例10:
100g Amberlyst 15 resin经过 1mol/L硫酸水溶液活化4h后,洗涤至中性,装入3.5*30cm层析柱中。10g D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH溶于100ml去离子水中,以10ml/min洗脱速度加入样品,上样后用400ml去离子水洗脱至流出液pH=6,然后采用1.0%氨水洗脱,HD-21-88紫外检测仪监控并收集样品。取紫外吸收值大于0.12的洗脱溶液(如图 1),浓缩得到白色固体,在去离子水中重结晶得到8.5g白色晶体D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH,HPLC>99.5%。收率:85%。
实例11
100g GA4-X4 Resin经过1mol/L NaOH溶液活化4h后,洗涤至中性,装入3.5*30cm层析柱中,在5ml/min洗脱速度加入样品,10g D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH溶于100ml去离子水中,上样后用300ml去离子水洗脱至流出液pH=6,然后采用1.0%盐酸溶液洗脱,HD-21-88紫外检测仪监控并收集样品。取紫外吸收值大于0.134的洗脱溶液(图 2),浓缩得到白色固体,在去离子水中重结晶得到8.8g白色晶体D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH, HPLC>99.9%。收率:88%。
Claims (10)
1.一种D-异谷氨酰基-D-色氨酸的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(A) R1-D-Glu-OR2在HONb条件下活化,得到R1-D-Glu(ONb)-OR2 (II);
(B) R1-D-Glu(ONb)-OR2 (II)在碱性条件下与D-Trp-OR2缩合,得到R1-D-Glu(D-Trp-OR2)-OR2 (IV),结晶纯化;
(C) R1-D-Glu(D-Trp-OR2)-OR2 (IV)通过氢化脱除保护基R1和R2,得到D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH(V);
(D) 纯化;
其中R1=-H,-CO2CH2C6H5,-CO2CH2C6H4Br,-CO2CH2C6H4Cl,-CO2CH2C6H4NO2,-CO2CH2C6H4OCH; R2= -CH2C6H5,-CH2C6H4Br,-CH2C6H4Cl,-CH2C6H4NO2,-CH2C6H4OCH3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(B)中使用偶联剂,偶联剂包括二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC),N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC),1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(EDC),苯并三唑四甲基四氟硼酸(TBTU)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(B)中产物R1-D-Glu(D-Trp-OR2)-OR2(IV)采用结晶的方式进行纯化,结晶溶剂包括乙酸乙酯、乙醚、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、石油醚、正己烷、正庚烷或者其任意两种或两种以上的混合溶剂。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(B)中产物R1-D-Glu(D-Trp-OR2)-OR2(IV)采用结晶的方式进行纯化,结晶溶剂包括乙酸乙酯、乙醚、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、石油醚、正己烷、正庚烷或者其任意两种或两种以上的混合溶剂。
5.根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(C)中使用催化剂,催化剂包括Pd/C,兰尼镍,Pt,Pt/C,PtO2,Pd(OH)2,Rh/C,RhCl(PPh3)3。
6.根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(C)中氢化是催化氢化,氢化气压是1-10Atm,催化剂加入比例相当于底物质量的5-200%,温度是20-80℃。
7.根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(C)中氢化的方式是氢转移催化,供氢体包括环己烯、环己二烯、甲酸、甲酸铵、四氢化萘或者其任意两种或两种以上的混合物。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(C)中使用溶剂,溶剂包括甲醇、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、二氧六环或其任意两种或两种以上的混合物。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(C)中使用溶剂,溶剂包括甲醇、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、二氧六环或其任意两种或两种以上的混合物。
10.根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(D)纯化包括以下步骤:将步骤(C)得到的D-iGlu-D-Trp-OH粗品水溶液调节至其等电点,旋转蒸发至干,加入甲醇或乙醇,剧烈搅拌,过滤,滤液浓缩至固体。
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CN103304414A (zh) * | 2013-06-07 | 2013-09-18 | 江苏飞翔化工股份有限公司 | 一种丙烯酸异冰片酯类物的制备方法 |
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