CN102405856B - Design mode for types and spatial positions of coral reef forming organisms - Google Patents
Design mode for types and spatial positions of coral reef forming organisms Download PDFInfo
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- CN102405856B CN102405856B CN201110250120.3A CN201110250120A CN102405856B CN 102405856 B CN102405856 B CN 102405856B CN 201110250120 A CN201110250120 A CN 201110250120A CN 102405856 B CN102405856 B CN 102405856B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention provides a design mode for types and spatial positions of coral reef forming organisms. The invention adopts a technical scheme that comprises: 1) selecting an active coral reef and spatial position of the active coral reef in a small coral reef ecological ornamental tank; 2) selecting the main producer, namely kelp, in the small coral reef ecological ornamental tank and the spatial position of the kelp; 3) selecting consumer organisms in the small coral reef ecological ornamental tank and the spatial position of the consumer organisms; 4) selecting coelenterates which coexist with zooxanthella in the small coral reef ecological ornamental tank and the spatial position of the coelenterates; and 5) determining species which are not suggested to be grown in the small coral reef ecological ornamental tank. In the invention, based on the design of the biological functions of a coral reef ecological system, abiotic protective directories for different ecological niches and coral reef organisms which can be propagated artificially are selected with greatest effort and different spatial positions are designed reasonably, so that the small coral reef ecological ornamental tank becomes an artificial micro coral reef; and thus, the ornamental tank has an ornamental effect, is favorable for healthy breeding and maintains, protects coral reef from being damaged greatly and is legal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Design Mode that forms coral reef biological species and locus, be widely used in the Shui nationality and view and admire market and coral reef biology culture.
Background technology
In the shallow sea of Perenniporia martius, thousands of marine organisms are woven into a beautiful garden, seabed.Beautiful, the most moving in beautiful immense garden, seabed is exactly coral reef, and most common people yearn for and explore riotous with colour coral reef; Build a small-sized coral reef ecological tank of viewing and admiring, be enough to cause popular curiosity, go to observe, study, cherish this miniature coral reef ecologic system, and take this slight Sea World and reach the Popular Science Education to popular ocean knowledge and marine environment ecological protection.
Although ecological tank volume is little, but very many of biological species wherein, no matter be that algae, coral, fish or sea anemone are all available in all varieties.If small-sized coral reef ecological pet cylinder will be maintained as to the survival condition same with natural coral reef facies, the most important thing is to select suitable cultivation object, this just need to, by the natural ecological niche of various biologies in emulation coral reef ecologic system (as fish, mollusk and algae etc.), make these biologies as lived in natural coral reef.
The development of small-sized coral reef ecological pet cylinder is very fast in recent years both at home and abroad, professional research for selection biological in cylinder and locus Design Mode is considerably less, the result that just some amateurs and the cultivation of practitioner based on self summarize the experience out and remove to select the biological species in cylinder from ornamental value angle, does not go to aquaculture organism kind and the space layout in small design coral reef ecological pet cylinder from the angle of coral reef ecologic system biological function.In addition, the existing Shui nationality, view and admire on market biological species in small-sized coral reef ecological pet cylinder and select also to exist a significant problem, mostly do not consider whether selected biology is the biology in biological protection catalogue, and this just exists the problem of legitimacy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of Design Mode that forms coral reef biological species and locus.
Formation coral reef biological species proposed by the invention and the Design Mode of locus, its technical scheme comprises following aspect:
(1) selecting the activated coral reef masonry of tool is the material of building space structure;
(2) select tangleweed as the main producer, and be placed in middle photosphere;
(3) select Omnivore as consumer;
(4) coelenterate of selection and zooxanthellae symbiosis, supplements the producer and increases ornamental.
Preferably, aspect (1) described coral reef is flat; The described tangleweed in aspect (2) is selected grape algae, Ptilota plumosa, flame algae or their any combination; Described Omnivore is selected damselfish, clown fish, thorn tail Yu, Acenthogobius flavimanus, small-sized angle fish, abalone, beautiful spiral shell, flourish spiral shell, small-sized sea cucumber, clean shrimp or their any combination in aspect (3); The described coelenterate in aspect (4) can be selected the coral of the artificial cultures such as Acropora or cup-shaped coral, and white sea anemone, Stichodactyla mertensii or their combination, now be placed on high photosphere, can also select cerianthid, pipe sea anemone or their combination, be now placed on middle photosphere or disphotic layer.And do not select gorgonian, starfish and state guarantee biological.
More preferably, aspect (3) described thorn tail fish is that yellow Diao ， Acenthogobius flavimanus is strawberry, and small-sized angle fish is blue flash electricity or yellow bride, can also add small-sized echinoderm and the small-sized shrimp Xie ， Acenthogobius flavimanus of viewing and admiring in same cylinder, only to raise one.
Technical scheme more specifically of the present invention and selection mode are as follows:
1. selection and the locus of active coral reef in small-sized coral reef ecological pet cylinder
Select the activated coral reef of tool make scape and build other biological habitat, active coral reef has the abundant miniature organism of growing nonparasitically upon another plant altogether, can make " activation " of seawater in cylinder, enables to hold the marine organisms of more beauties.Active coral reef generally accounts for ecological tank volume 25% ~ 35%.
In the selection of reef shape, inventor finds that the use of flat is many, and more hole can conveniently be built, so that perching of mobility biology also has magical effect to setting up diversified view simultaneously in the position that not only can provide non-moving property biology to lay simultaneously.Active coral reef has the abundant miniature organism of growing nonparasitically upon another plant altogether, can pass through BIOLOGICAL CONTROL water quality, can reduce nitrate and nitrite; The pore space structure of building also can provide the space of concealing of various fish, reduces their constriction.
2. the main producer of small-sized coral reef ecological pet cylinder---selection and the locus of tangleweed
Select tangleweed as grape algae, Ptilota plumosa and flame algae (not being those unit cell algae that normal those disagreeable aquariums of saying easily grow), tangleweed can absorb the organic nutrition compositions such as nitrogenous compound and the many heavy metal compositions in water, promotes the raising of aquarium filter efficiency.The position that these tangleweeds are placed can be placed on the middle photosphere in cylinder body.This indication ecological tank total biomass of 10% ~ 15%(that the main producer accounts for ecological tank total biomass does not comprise the analysts such as microorganism).
3. small-sized selection and the locus of viewing and admiring coral reef ecological tank consumer biology
In cylinder, can only cultivate Omnivore and can not cultivate a vegetarian animal and carnivority animal.
The fish that are applicable to cay ecological tank are only limited to most of small body type kind, and damselfish and clown fish are good selections, they vivaciously, easily support, and acceptant artitificial food, gnaws the thorn tail fish (Huang hang etc.) of algae in addition.Also must be noted that some special fingerlings, for example: Acenthogobius flavimanus (strawberry)---this dazzling the eyes and be full of dynamic small fish, but can only in same cylinder, raise one, because the sense of strong region makes it not allow that same kind appears in its existence circle.Small-sized angle fish, such as: the kinds such as blue flash electricity, yellow bride are to be applicable to very much cay ecological tank to raise, and avoid raising some large-scale angle fish, for example: emperor angle, blue face angle etc.; Can not raise sole, parrot fish in addition, beautiful and put on grand airs they with the invertebral living creatures such as coral of living, make a living.This indication ecological tank total biomass of 35% ~ 45%(that consumer's biology accounts for ecological tank total biomass does not comprise the analysts such as microorganism).
The raising of fish the artificial feed of can throwing something and feeding, can reach by the artificial feed of throwing something and feeding the object that direct extra-nutrition material enters food web in cylinder, and clown fish is raised in special recommendation, and clown fish can form extraordinary commensal with sea anemone.
Introduce small-sized echinoderm suitable, that there is ornamental value, small-sizedly view and admire shrimp crab, place the micro-algae that affects view in the shellfish master cylinders such as abalone, beautiful spiral shell and flourish spiral shell of scraping food epiphytic algae; The function that small-sized sea cucumber and clean shrimp have cleaning bed load and decompose organic debris, they can remove the food detritus in cay corner, the algae of undue growth, even the external parasite of fish etc.
4. in small-sized coral reef ecological pet cylinder, there are coelenterata selection and the locus of zooxanthellae symbiosis
From the angle of energy harvesting, light source is extremely important to having the coelenterate of phycobiont, because the energy in this class coelenterate body is mostly from light.According to the difference of illumination demand, be divided into high photosphere kind, middle photosphere and disphotic layer kind.Ecological niche is the high photosphere of cylinder, be applicable to kind: sea anemone (although this class cave coral is to list CITS appendix II in they can and cultivate by artificial propagation and obtain, so does not exist illegal problem as white sea anemone, Stichodactyla mertensii, Acropora and cup-shaped coral.) etc., meat soft coral etc.; In being applicable to, the kind of photosphere and disphotic layer is few to illumination demand, can be placed in the shaded side that cylinder base or rock are piled up intersection, and the disphotic layer that ecological niche is cylinder, as cerianthid (being commonly called as mushroom coral), is managed sea anemone (being commonly called as thousand hand Buddhists) etc.Coelenterate accounts for this indication ecological tank total biomass of ecological tank total biomass 40% ~ 55%(and does not comprise the analysts such as microorganism).
The placement of living between coelenterate will maintain a certain distance, in case coelenterate while mutually stretching tentacle collide and burn and cause injured death; Sea anemone must be placed on illumination, position that current are suitable, otherwise self is slowly moved to by current scour or it the cay corner that can't see, now move " rock of living " again and find them and very easily make " rock of living " to collapse, so that part invertebral living creature is impaired.
5. in small-sized coral reef ecological pet cylinder, do not advise the biological species of cultivation
Do not advise cultivating gorgonian (being commonly called as Hai Shu), because gorgonian is very high and there is no symbiosis zooxanthellae to the requirement of current, does not advise putting in a suitable place to breed and take the fish that coral and algae be food.
Starfish in echinoderm, although profile color is different,, it is food that some large-scale kinds usually be take the invertebral living creatures such as shell, and wherein, thorn hat needle-like starfish is the maximum enemy of coral, and all sea anemones can be attacked and eat up to pincushion starfish.Therefore being applicable to raising the starfish of making in scape cylinder in cay is confined to some small-sized starfish kind.Do not advise cultivating the second class protection animal in state guarantee animal register of listing in that existing market sells in a large number---giant clam shellfish and list the cave coral of CITS appendix II in.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is to take that the biological function of coral reef ecologic system is design basis; select abiotic protection catalogue and the coral reef that can artificial propagation of different ecological position biological as far as possible; and the different locus of appropriate design; make small-sized coral reef ecological pet cylinder become the miniature coral reef of an emulation; and then make viewing cylinder there is appreciative value easily healthy aquaculture and maintenance again; and minimum to coral reef destructiveness, have again legitimacy simultaneously.
Embodiment
Inventor has configured a small-sized coral reef ecological pet cylinder so far in Chinese Academy of Science Nanhai Ocean Research Institute in March, 2008.Approximately 900 liters, this viewing cylinder water body, take pick up from coral reef marine site coral reef masonry of fine quality in cylinder make scape and filtering material is used, wherein as the material of making scape part, adopt flat tabular and profile to have significantly concavo-convex coral reef, to building an emulation miniature coral reef similar as far as possible with true coral reef view; As the material of filtration fraction, adopt the reef of small volume.Coral reef accounts for 25% ~ 35% of ecological tank volume.
After making scape framework and putting up, next step is prepared exactly artificial seawater and enters in cylinder and start circulating pump and lighting apparatus, allow the seawater of new preparation start " supporting water process ", the fast person of this process lasts two weeks, slow person lasts more than the moon, its objective is to allow the seawater " activation " under the biological agent of natural coral reef of new preparation, the water after activation can be for cultured fishes and invertebrate.
After activation process finishes, in week age in batches, gradually in cylinder, increase fish and invertebrate.The Pomacentridae fish such as red clown, son clown, saturating red clown, coffee clown and black panther clown that coral cylinder is raised have been selected to be suitable in fish aspect, although the territoriality that these fish tools are certain and some there will be the phenomenon disaccording of the same race, they are harmless to coral and algae; Small-sized starfish, brittle star, small-sized sea cucumber, tower spiral shell, Turbo cornulus, abalone etc. have been selected in invertebrate aspect, have also selected to have concurrently the clean shrimp of ornamental value and street cleaner's effect; There is different illumination demands coral and sea anemone aspect according to different corals and with high photosphere kind, middle photosphere kind and disphotic layer kind, selects respectively, and wherein high photosphere kind has: garland meat soft coral, white Acropora, strong Acropora, long palpus Stichodactyla mertensii, red nipple sea anemone and princess sea anemone; Middle photosphere kind has: adjacent base thorn handle coral, Nile coral, standard honeycomb coral, the lobate coral of He Shi, hole, angle coral, lettuce pectination coral, red mushroom and green mushroom; Disphotic layer kind has: gorgonian and scarlet cylinder astraeid.The main producer maintains and accounts for approximately 15% of ecological tank total biomass, and consumer occupies approximately 40% of ecological tank total biomass, and coelenterate occupies approximately 45% of ecological tank total biomass.In addition, we have also cultivated some green grapes algaes, red grape algae and flame algae in the high photosphere position in cylinder, the nitrogen phosphorus compound that excreta biological in cylinder and the residual bait of food are discharged can access effective absorption and conversion, meanwhile, the cultivation of these algae also makes the whole view of coral cylinder add much beauty to.
As time goes on, the water quality of coral cylinder is also day by day ripe due to the foundation of nitrification and denitrification system, various biologies harmonious coexistence in cylinder, and a slice is thriving: fish growth and breeding in cylinder, marine alga is flourishing, and coral volume increases.
Claims (8)
1. form a method for designing for coral reef biological species and locus, it is characterized in that comprising following aspect:
(1) selecting the activated coral reef masonry of tool is the material of building space structure;
(2) select tangleweed as the main producer, and be placed in middle photosphere;
(3) select Omnivore as consumer;
(4) coelenterate of selection and zooxanthellae symbiosis, supplements the producer and increases ornamental;
Described tangleweed is selected grape algae, Ptilota plumosa, flame algae or their any combination;
Described method for designing is applied in ecological tank, biological total amount in ecological tank except analyst is ecological tank total biomass, coral reef accounts for 25% ~ 35% of ecological tank volume, the main producer accounts for 10% ~ 15% of ecological tank total biomass, consumer accounts for 35% ~ 45% of ecological tank total biomass, and coelenterate accounts for 40% ~ 55% of ecological tank total biomass;
Described ecological tank is small-sized coral reef ecological pet cylinder.
2. the method for designing of formation coral reef biological species according to claim 1 and locus, is characterized in that the described coral reef in aspect (1) is flat.
3. the method for designing of formation coral reef biological species according to claim 1 and locus, is characterized in that Omnivore selection damselfish, clown fish, thorn tail Yu, Acenthogobius flavimanus, small-sized angle fish, abalone, beautiful spiral shell, flourish spiral shell, small-sized sea cucumber, clean shrimp or their any combination that aspect (3) is described.
4. the method for designing of formation coral reef biological species according to claim 1 and locus, while it is characterized in that the described coelenterate in aspect (4) is placed on high photosphere, select Acropora, cup-shaped coral or their combination, and white sea anemone, Stichodactyla mertensii or their combination; While being placed on middle photosphere or disphotic layer, select cerianthid, pipe sea anemone or their combination.
5. the method for designing of formation coral reef biological species according to claim 1 and locus, is characterized in that not selecting gorgonian, starfish and state guarantee biological.
6. the method for designing of formation coral reef biological species according to claim 3 and locus, is characterized in that described thorn tail fish is that yellow Diao ， Acenthogobius flavimanus is strawberry, and small-sized angle fish is blue flash electricity or yellow bride.
7. the method for designing of formation coral reef biological species according to claim 3 and locus, is characterized in that also adding in aspect (3) small-sized echinoderm and small-sizedly views and admires shrimp crab.
8. the method for designing of formation coral reef biological species according to claim 3 and locus, is characterized in that Suo Shu Acenthogobius flavimanus only raises one in same cylinder.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102919188B (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-01-15 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Culture system capable of meeting biological functions of ecosystem and suitable for small coral reef ecological enjoying pot |
| CN103907552B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2016-06-01 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | The preventing control method of copepods biology in the young ginseng nursery pond of sea cucumber of a kind of torrid zone |
| CN106047710B (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2019-07-26 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | A method of obtaining zooxanthellae |
| CN110781353B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2023-04-18 | 上海海洋大学 | Coral reef fish competition pressure query and resource allocation method based on competition graph |
| CN112970634B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-12-23 | 青岛农业大学 | Clown fish-vegetable symbiotic circulating water breeding method |
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| CN1465235A (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2004-01-07 | 国立海洋生物博物馆 | Natural ecological aquarium and construction method thereof |
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| CN1465235A (en) * | 2002-07-04 | 2004-01-07 | 国立海洋生物博物馆 | Natural ecological aquarium and construction method thereof |
| CN201846691U (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2011-06-01 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | Closed seawater ecological ornamental fish tank |
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