CN102398528A - 带电驱动装置和电池的机动车及电池充电装置的运行方法 - Google Patents

带电驱动装置和电池的机动车及电池充电装置的运行方法 Download PDF

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CN102398528A
CN102398528A CN2011102692465A CN201110269246A CN102398528A CN 102398528 A CN102398528 A CN 102398528A CN 2011102692465 A CN2011102692465 A CN 2011102692465A CN 201110269246 A CN201110269246 A CN 201110269246A CN 102398528 A CN102398528 A CN 102398528A
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CN102398528B (zh
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W·德梅尔鲍尔-埃布纳
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/70—Interactions with external data bases, e.g. traffic centres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种车辆(10)，具有电驱动装置(12)，用于给所述电驱动装置馈送电流的电池(14)必须被充电，为此设有属于所述车辆(10)的充电装置(16)。根据本发明，不仅在所述车辆(10)行驶期间而且在所述车辆(10)驻车期间按照需求激活和/或去激活所述充电装置(16)。所述需求借助于一被确定的、将要行驶的行驶路径来确定。

Description

带电驱动装置和电池的机动车及电池充电装置的运行方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆，具有电驱动装置和用于给所述电驱动装置馈送电流的电池。所述车辆具有与电驱动装置不同的、用于对电池充电的充电装置，还具有控制充电装置的控制装置。本发明还涉及一种用于对车辆中的电池充电的充电装置的运行方法，所述车辆具有电驱动装置。
背景技术
作为充电装置尤其是优选提出电流产生装置，所述电流产生装置包括内燃机，所述内燃机驱动发电机。这也被称为“增程器(Range-Extender)”。在日内瓦车展上，由申请人的展位展示了研究成果Audi A1 E-tron，其中，作为电池在底盘中设置有重150kg的锂离子蓄电池。内燃机尤其是构造成汪克尔发动机。作为替换方案，也可使用燃料电池作为增程器，所述燃料电池首先由燃料、例如汽油获得氢，然后将氢转化。
需要避免的是，增程器工作得过晚，然后必须消耗比由增程器同步提供的电流更多的电流。因此，最佳的充电策略是，及时地接通增程器，以给电池充足电。
从与作为机动车驱动装置的内燃机结合使用的传统电池出发，由DE10 2008 036457 A1已知，根据预见的行驶路线和/或预见的交通条件和/或预见的环境条件的特性对电池充电。其背景在于，驱动车辆的同一个内燃机在行驶期间也可施加其转矩的一部分用于运行发电机。尤其是在下坡行驶时获得电能。因此重要的也在于预见的行驶路线等。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，在具有电驱动装置的车辆中尽可能最佳地用电流对所属的电池(或者一般来讲对蓄能器)充电，而增程器不必在过度的程度上运转和消耗燃料。
所述目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的车辆和具有权利要求4的特征的方法来实现。
由此，在根据本发明的车辆中，用于控制充电装置的控制装置被设计用于不仅在车辆行驶期间而且在车辆驻车期间按照需求激活和/或去激活充电装置，其中，所述需求借助于一按照至少一个预先规定的标准确定的、将要行驶的行驶路径来确定。“激活”和“去激活”在当前情况下分别理解为(使充电装置)为了实际进行充电而开始运行以及为了结束充电而停止运行。
因此，充电策略不是或不仅是按照涉及当前状况的纯测量参量，而且进行预见性充电。在车辆驻车时也能进行充电具有优点：在开始行使时电池的充电状态已经足以允许在将要行驶的行驶路径上进行行使。
在一个优选实施形式中，控制装置与车辆的导航装置耦合，以便接收相同的目的地数据和/或路径数据。目的地数据是这样的数据：通过所述数据给出行使目的地，或者是中间目的地。如果提供这样的导航装置数据，则由此可推断出将要行驶的行驶路径。路径数据尤其是这样的数据：所述数据在车辆行驶期间被获得并且给出关于所行驶的路径的信息。在最简单的情况下路径数据是这样的数据：所述数据描述车辆在确定时刻的位置。使用来自导航装置的数据具有如下优点：操作人员不必特别地输入用于计划充电过程的数据；尤其是通常本来就安装有导航装置。
优选地，控制装置与用于从车辆外部的数据处理装置接收数据的接收装置耦合，尤其是为了再从接收装置获得这些数据并且由其推断出将要行驶的行驶路径。在一替换方案中，将关于将要行驶的行驶路径或至少关于行驶目的地的数据从机动车外部直接传送给该机动车。但也可以仅将关于时间计划的数据尤其是从电子控制的日历传送给机动车，其中，控制装置然后提供补充性数据。例如可借助于日历看到，车辆驾驶员早上要驾车去其上班地点，晚上要驾车回家，而在车辆的导航装置中则存储工作地点和家庭地址作为目的地。
在根据本发明的用于运行用于对车辆中的电池充电的充电装置的方法中，所述电池给与充电装置不同的电驱动装置馈送电流，其中，按照需求激活和/或去激活充电装置，其中，所述需求借助于一按照至少一个预先规定的标准确定的、将要行驶的行驶路径来确定。
在根据本发明的方法中，可引用上文关于根据本发明的车辆所描述的优点。
优选借助于至少一个当前或先前有效的、存储在车辆的导航装置中的行驶目的地来确定所述行驶路径。即，借助于行驶目的地可特别容易地推断出将要行驶的行驶路径。重要的是，尤其是车辆的当前存放地点到行驶目的地之间的距离，所述距离确定必须以何种程度从电池提供电能。根据电池的当前充电状态可通过车辆的控制装置计算出，必须由充电装置将电池充电到超过迄今的充电程度的何种程度。
此外，优选在确定所述需求时与在数据处理装置中提供的计划数据相关地考虑车辆驾驶员的时间计划。
因此，例如充电装置可以在开始行驶之前就工作，以便在开始行驶时提供足够的充电状态。开始行驶的时刻由时间计划得出。在最简单的情况下，在电子控制的日历中给出时刻和在与该时刻对应的地点，车辆驾驶员然后想停放在所述地点上或车辆驾驶员从确定时刻起想朝向所述地点行驶(行驶目的地)。
在一个优选实施形式中，与车辆分开地提供数据处理装置，将所述计划数据尤其是无线地传递给所述车辆。
因此，这种来自电子控制的日历的计划数据尤其是在车辆驾驶员本来就携带的、因此也带到车辆并且进入该车辆中的移动装置、如移动电话和掌上电脑中提供，可能情况下在笔记本电脑中提供。然后，可容易地进行这种传递。因此，在所述优选实施形式中无需将这种计划数据直接输入到车辆的装置中；但替换地这也可以尤其是当机动车承担其它功能时才考虑，例如配备有一种个人电脑，所述个人电脑的数据反过来被传递到移动的数据装置；也可以考虑从中央服务器传送计划数据，通常，所述计划数据从不同的位置固定的数据处理装置传递到所述中央服务器——电子日历于是甚至不再与确定的数据处理装置连接。
附图说明
下面参照附图对本发明的优选实施形式进行描述，唯一的附图中示意性地示出了机动车，在所述机动车中可执行根据本发明的方法。
具体实施方式
总体上用10标记的机动车具有电驱动装置12，所述电驱动装置由蓄能器14馈送电流，所述蓄能器在当前情况下构造成锂离子电池。电池14可从机动车外部充电。但这不是始终都可能的。出于此原因，机动车10具有所谓的增程器，即汪克尔发动机16，给所述汪克尔发动机配置一发电机18，所述发电机在汪克尔发动机16的工作中产生用于对电池14充电的电流。汪克尔发动机16利用来自燃料箱20的燃料工作。控制装置22控制具有发电机18的汪克尔发动机16。控制装置22与接收装置24耦合，所述接收装置可从移动的数据处理装置、例如移动电话26无线地接收数据。尤其是在当前情况下提出，从电子控制的日历传递描述时刻和使用人员28的停留地点的数据，所述数据相应于所述使用人员的计划。
从电子控制的日历例如可以看出，早上8点，人28走向车辆10，以便驾车上班。如果在日历中例如存在“8点，驾车上班”，则控制装置22“明白”：这是指一确定的目的地。例如在机动车的导航系统30中作为目的地“上班”给出人28的上班地点的地址。控制装置22由此可计划：电池14必须如何被充电。可以是，电池在人28的车库中充电之后已被充足电。如果现在在电子日历中存在“14点，地点B”，则控制装置22可以计划从上班地点行驶到地点B。如果在行驶到上班地点之后电池14的充电不再充足，即在没有对电池附加充电的情况下不能从上班地点行驶到地点B，则在必须在大约13:40开始行驶之前、如导航系统30的控制装置22所“明白”的那样，例如在13:25，汪克尔发动机16已经启动。当汪克尔发动机16恰好运行十五分钟时，在开始行驶时电池14的充电程度使得能够恰好或储备足够地一直行驶到行驶目的地B。
如果可从电子日历中获知，人28在15点要去另一地点C，则可以在向B行驶期间便使汪克尔发动机16继续运行，以便为了较快就要进行的、向地点C的行驶使电池14同样被充足电。
然后，控制装置22从电子日历例如又获知，人28最后还要驾车回家。在此不必一定给出精确的时间，而是控制装置22这样计划对电池14的充电，使得无论如何都保证电池14充足电，以便可从确定的时刻起从地点C驾车回家。例如可以在从地点B到地点C的行驶期间便为了驾车回家而提前对电池14充电，或者，如果估计最早17点驾车回家，则可以在大约16:30便起动汪克尔发动机16半小时，以便对电池14充电；汪克尔发动机于是在17点停机，与人28开始驾车与否无关。
控制装置22因此不仅使用无线地由外部的数据处理装置26传送的数据而且使用导航系统30的数据，从而计划所述控制装置必须如何运行汪克尔发动机16来对电池14充电。控制装置22可以基于先前的充电过程和取用过程获知、但优选通过用于测量电池14的充电状态的装置32来获知电池14的充电状态，并且相应的数据被发送给控制装置22。

Claims (7)

1.一种车辆(10)，具有电驱动装置(12)和用于给所述电驱动装置(12)馈送电流的电池(14)以及属于所述车辆(10)的、不同于所述电驱动装置(12)的、用于对所述电池(14)充电的充电装置(16)，所述车辆具有控制装置(22)，所述控制装置被设计用于控制所述充电装置(16)并且被设计用于不仅在所述车辆(10)行驶期间而且在所述车辆(10)驻车期间按照需求激活和/或去激活所述充电装置(16)，其中，所述需求借助于一按照至少一个预先规定的标准确定的、将要行驶的行驶路径来确定。
2.根据权利要求1的车辆(10)，其中，所述控制装置(22)与所述车辆(10)的导航装置(30)耦合，以便从所述导航装置接收数据，尤其是目的地数据和/或路径数据。
3.根据权利要求1或2的车辆(10)，其中，所述控制装置(22)与用于从车辆外部的数据处理装置(26)接收数据的接收装置(24)耦合。
4.一种用于运行用于对车辆(10)中的电池(14)充电的充电装置(16，18)的方法，所述电池给与所述充电装置(16，18)不同的电驱动装置(12)馈送电流，其中，按照需求激活和/或去激活所述充电装置(16，18)，其中，所述需求按照至少一个预先规定的标准、借助于所述车辆的将要行驶的行驶路径来确定。
5.根据权利要求4的方法，其中，由至少一个当前或先前有效的、存储在所述车辆的导航装置(30)中的行驶目的地来确定所述行驶路径。
6.根据权利要求5的方法，其中，在确定所述需求时与在数据处理装置(26)中提供的计划数据相关地考虑所述车辆(10)的驾驶员(28)的时间计划。
7.根据权利要求6的方法，其中，与所述车辆(10)分开地提供所述数据处理装置(26)，将所述计划数据尤其是无线地传递给所述车辆(10)。
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