CN101238019A - 用于起动混合动力车辆的方法以及混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

用于起动混合动力车辆的方法以及混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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CN101238019A
CN101238019A CNA2006800292658A CN200680029265A CN101238019A CN 101238019 A CN101238019 A CN 101238019A CN A2006800292658 A CNA2006800292658 A CN A2006800292658A CN 200680029265 A CN200680029265 A CN 200680029265A CN 101238019 A CN101238019 A CN 101238019A
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T·弗雷塞
R·奥迈耶
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于起动具有至少两种驱动机器(11，12)的混合动力车辆的方法，其中驱动按照运行控制装置(10)的预先规定借助于第一驱动机器(11)特别是内燃机和/或第二驱动机器(12)特别是电动机进行，其中第二驱动机器(12)的驱动份额根据与行驶距离相关的、通知运行控制装置(10)的数据在考虑蓄能器(14)的充电状态(L)的情况下控制。在此提出，在预先规定地理的行驶目的和/或运行策略的目标参数的情况下确定最优的运行策略，其中在可提供替代行驶路线时，在考虑最优运行策略的情况下选择行驶路线。

Description

用于起动混合动力车辆的方法以及混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1前序部分所述的用于起动混合动力车辆的方法以及一种如权利要求8前序部分所述的混合动力车辆。
背景技术
这些使用不同的能源来运行车辆的车辆被称为混合动力车辆。已知混合动力车辆具有一台内燃机和至少一台电动机。电动机的电能来自蓄能器，例如一个或多个蓄电池和/或超级电容器(“Supercaps”)。此外该车辆可以以电能的形式回收制动能(再生)。运行策略应该负责使两台驱动机器在各自最好效果下工作并尽可能无损失地回收储存积累的制动能。混合动力的目的是，相对传统的只用内燃机工作的车辆降低初级燃料的消耗。
由DE 101 28 758 A1公开了一种用于起动混合动力车辆的方法，其中，驱动按照运行控制装置的预先规定借助于内燃机和/或电动机进行，其中电动机驱动的份额根据与行驶距离相关的、通知运行控制装置的数据在考虑电能蓄能器的充电状态的情况下控制，其中该数据包含作为电动机驱动份额控制的基础的高度信息，其中不低于在运行控制装置中预先规定的或者可预先规定的、还能保证必需的车辆基本功能的蓄能器最低充电状态。运行控制装置从导航系统或其它预见系统的数据中获得高度信息。
发明内容
提出了一种方法，其中在预先规定地理的行驶目的和/或运行策略的目标参数的情况下确定最优的运行策略，其中在可提供替代行驶路线时，在考虑最优运行策略的情况下选择行驶路线。该运行策略可以有利地通过应用来自行驶路线的评价(prdikativ)数据来优化。例如可以规定混合动力车辆的蓄能器的希望的充电状态作为目标参数。特别在了解高度轮廓和其它关于替代行驶路线的信息的情况下，已经可以在考虑混合动力车辆的运行参数的情况下进行行驶路线选择。如果这些信息被用于运行策略的优化，则如果在行驶路线的第二部分能够预测到有提高的制动需求的下坡区域，可以在行驶路线的第一部分更多使用其能量储存在蓄能器中的驱动机器。通过蓄能器在第一部分的强化清空将系统置于这种状态，即在第二部分能够更容易并必要时以更高的效率接收回收的能量。优选规定内燃机作为第一驱动机器并且电动机作为第二驱动机器。不过其它类型的驱动机器也是可以的。由两种驱动源，特别是不同的驱动机器产生例如在制动时可以回收的驱动能量的车辆被称为混合动力车辆。回收的能量可以立即使用和/或储存起来用于后面的使用。回收的能量可以用于行驶驱动和/或其它的负载。如果驱动机器中的一个是电动机，则电存储器作为蓄能器是合适的。不过其它的存储器也是可以的。可以使用内燃机和电动机作为驱动机器。不过也可以考虑其它的驱动机器。
在高度差和/或道路等级和/或距离和/或预计的行驶时间方面提取导航系统的数据用于选择合适的行驶路线有利的。导航系统可以使用不同的数据源用于在给定行驶目标的情况下对行驶路线进行优化。数据存储器上的地图除了道路走向外还可以包含许多其它的信息，例如关于上坡和下坡的信息、关于预计的行驶速度的信息，该信息通过了解可供使用的道路类型(城市，乡村道路，高速公路)来确定在发电机上的转速分配、关于预计的停止阶段的信息，例如在市内，它在考虑交通负荷例如高峰时间的情况下在白天时间上也进行区分。其它的数据源例如是无线电通信或者具有关于拥堵报告或者说稠密的交通的信息的发射航标(Sendebaken)、或者与来自前面行驶的车辆的信息的车辆通信。
适宜地可以鉴于相应行驶路线当前的和/或预计的交通负荷和/或白天时间和/或混合动力车辆在白天时间可预期的启动/停止阶段提取关于替代行驶路线的当前信息用于选择合适的行驶路线。
有利地可以提取燃料结算、蓄能器的最终充电状态、总行驶时间组中的至少一个参数作为行驶路线的选择标准。
如果一个目标参数预计不能达到，选择可以有利地进行改变，方法是在保持运行策略的情况下改变选择的行驶路线。
作为替代方案，如果一个目标参数预计不能达到，可以改变选择，方法是在改变运行策略的情况下保持选择的行驶路线。
还提出了一种混合动力车辆，其中设置一种机构，以在预先规定地理的行驶目的和/或运行策略的目标参数的情况下确定最优的运行策略，其中可以在可提供替代行驶路线时，在考虑最优运行策略的情况下选择行驶路线。该混合动力车辆具有第一驱动机器特别是内燃机，以及第二驱动机器特别是电动机。例如在确定的运行阶段获得的能量可以储存在蓄能器中。该蓄能器可以是例如用于储存电动机的电能的蓄电池，该电动机在制动过程中或者在下山行驶过程中可以发电机式地运转并且给蓄能器充电。在这种情况下驱动能量被部分回收。也可以设置其它的蓄能器，例如超级电容器，飞轮和类似物。回收的能量可以立即使用或者储存起来用于后面的使用。回收的能量可以用于行驶驱动和/或其它的负载。除了内燃机和电动机，其它的驱动装置以及与其它驱动装置的组合也都是可以的。
附图说明
本发明其它的实施方式、方面和优点也不依赖它们在权利要求中的概括、在不限制一般性的情况下在下面借助在图中示出的本发明的实施例中给出。
图中示出：
图1示例示出了一种优选的并联混合动力车辆的系统图；
图2示出了根据本发明的方法的优选的流程。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一种优选的并联混合动力车辆的系统图，该混合动力车辆具有第一驱动机器11即内燃机和第二驱动机器12即电动机，其中典型地进行内燃机11和电动机12的扭矩相加。本发明不言而喻也可以应用在其它类型的混合动力车辆上，例如串联混合动力车辆，功率分支混合动力车辆或者也包括混合型混合动力。
内燃机11从燃料箱15供应燃料，电动机12从蓄能器14例如蓄电池供应功率。内燃机11和电动机12通过变速器13以驱动功率加载驱动轮16。
运行控制装置10起动内燃机11和电动机12，其中电动机驱动的份额根据与混合动力车辆的行驶距离相关的、通知运行控制装置10的数据在考虑蓄能器14的充电状态L的情况下控制。
运行控制装置10从导航系统17获得数据，该导航系统17已经在存储介质中准备好必要的数据。这些数据特别是关于道路等级、高度轮廓、距离的信息。附加的数据可以通过接收器18获得，该接收器将此数据提供给导航系统17和/或运行控制装置10，例如通过无线电通信、GPS(全球定位系统)、发射航标和/或与在前面行驶的车辆的车辆通讯提供关于当前交通状况的信息。
图2示出了根据本发明的方法的优选的流程。
在第一功能块20中，在了解位置的情况下输入行驶目的。可以输入使用者想实现的附加的目标和/或用途，例如在目的充满的蓄能器，以可以在新的行驶开始前获得标准空调、希望的行驶持续时间和类似目标。
在第二功能块21中进行带有替代行驶路线的行驶路线计算。此时例如可以考虑最短路线、最快路线、带有或者不带有高速公路的路线、带有或者不带有某种特定道路等级的例外的路线、带有或者不带有市内区域的路线以及类似路线。
在第三功能块22中进行行驶路线的选择。蓄能器14的初始充电状态、与道路等级相应的预计的转速分配、在考虑白天时间的情况下预计的启动/停止事件的数量、高度轮廓以及类似因素可以作为基础。行驶路线的优选选择标准形成可预期的燃料结算、蓄能器的最终充电状态、总的行驶时间。此外力求尽可能实现使用者预先规定的目标和/或用途。
在第四功能块23中通知使用者关于选择的行驶路线的信息，并且相应地进行导航。此时必要时可以对使用者提供附加的关于燃料消耗的信息或者说在容忍行驶时间提高的情况下选择燃料消耗经济的行驶路线的方案。
如果使用者调整的目标或者用途预计不能得到保证，可以进行行驶路线的变动或者说匹配。此时可以保持最优的运行策略。作为替代方案可以保持行驶路线并且改变运行策略。使用者可以有选择地预先确定这些运行策略。

Claims (9)

1.用于起动具有至少两个驱动机器(11，12)的混合动力车辆的方法，其中驱动按照运行控制装置(10)的预先规定借助于第一驱动机器(11)特别是内燃机和/或第二驱动机器(12)特别是电动机进行，其中第二驱动机器(12)的驱动份额根据与行驶距离相关的、通知运行控制装置(10)的数据在考虑蓄能器(14)的充电状态(L)的情况下控制，其特征在于，在预先规定地理的行驶目的和/或运行策略的目标参数的情况下确定最优的运行策略，其中在可提供替代行驶路线时，在考虑最优运行策略的情况下选择行驶路线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述行驶路线的选择在考虑混合动力车辆的运行参数的情况下进行。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在高度差和/或道路等级和/或距离和/或预计的行驶时间方面提取导航系统(17)的数据用于选择合适的行驶路线。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，鉴于相应行驶路线当前的和/或预计的交通负荷和/或白天时间和/或混合动力车辆在白天时间可预计的启动/停止阶段提取关于替代行驶路线的当前信息用于选择合适的行驶路线。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，提取燃料结算、蓄能器(14)的最终充电状态、总行驶时间组中的至少一个参数作为行驶路线的选择标准。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，如果目标参数预计不能达到，则改变选择，方法是在保持运行策略的情况下改变选择的行驶路线。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，如果目标参数预计不能达到，则改变选择，方法是在改变运行策略的情况下保持选择的行驶路线。
8.带有按照运行控制装置(10)的预先规定借助于第一驱动机器(11)特别是内燃机和/或第二驱动机器(12)特别是电动机运行的驱动装置的混合动力车辆，其中第二驱动机器(12)的驱动份额可以根据与行驶距离相关的、通知运行控制装置(10)的数据在考虑蓄能器(14)的充电状态(L)的情况下控制，其特征在于，设置一种机构，以在预先规定地理的行驶目的和/或运行策略的目标参数的情况下确定最优的运行策略，其中可以在可提供替代行驶路线时，在考虑最优运行策略的情况下选择行驶路线。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合动力车辆，其特征在于，在单个运行阶段回收的驱动能量可以直接输入负载或者可以通过在蓄能器(14)中的中间存储供应给负载。
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