CN102387907B - 包含用于管状物品的多个相继使用的红外加热区的装置 - Google Patents

包含用于管状物品的多个相继使用的红外加热区的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102387907B
CN102387907B CN201080017057.2A CN201080017057A CN102387907B CN 102387907 B CN102387907 B CN 102387907B CN 201080017057 A CN201080017057 A CN 201080017057A CN 102387907 B CN102387907 B CN 102387907B
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China
Prior art keywords
heater
heating
heat
article
pipe
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CN102387907A (zh
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D·K·泰勒
M·P·布兰登
E·J·塔科马
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Sfl Canusa Canada Ltd
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Shawcor Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/38Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses
    • B29C63/42Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses using tubular layers or sheathings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C61/00Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412Infrared [IR] radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1454Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1458Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined once, i.e. contour welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1467Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/66Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses, e.g. shrinking of one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/038Covering the joint by a coating material
    • B29C66/0384Covering the joint by a coating material the coating material being in tape, strip or band form
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/345Progressively making the joint, e.g. starting from the middle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5324Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length
    • B29C66/53241Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being tubular and said substantially annular single elements being of finite length relative to the infinite length of said tubular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61Joining from or joining on the inside
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73715General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable heat-shrinkable
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91421Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • B29C66/91423Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools using joining tools having different temperature zones or using several joining tools with different temperatures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F16L13/02Welded joints
    • F16L13/0254Welded joints the pipes having an internal or external coating
    • F16L13/0272Welded joints the pipes having an internal or external coating having an external coating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L58/00Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
    • F16L58/18Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation specially adapted for pipe fittings
    • F16L58/181Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation specially adapted for pipe fittings for non-disconnectible pipe joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0822Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C61/00Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C61/02Thermal shrinking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7316Surface properties
    • B29C66/73161Roughness or rugosity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于加热细长管状物品的装置,该装置包括适于设置在所述物品周围的框架构件、具有多个加热区的加热装置以及用于操作加热装置的控制器。该装置可用于在焊接管接头周围施加可热收缩套管。加热装置可以是红外的并且也可以使用薄冲压板。如果使用可热收缩套管的话,控制器可从焊缝的中间向外致动加热区,以消除气穴。框架的内径会沿框架的长度改变。

Description

包含用于管状物品的多个相继使用的红外加热区的装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2009年3月13日提交的题为“用于加热热收缩套管的装置”的加拿大专利申请2,658,494的优先权益。
上述专利申请的内容在此清楚地以参见的方式纳入本申请的具体说明中。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于加热细长管状物品,例如加热在管路建造期间施加在焊接管接头周围的可热收缩套管或用于在处理或涂敷前预加热管接头的装置。
背景技术
通常,用于管路建造的管子涂敷有干线聚合涂层,从而留空管子的端部以允许露出的端部一起焊接到管接头处。现有技术中使用多种不同的方式来涂敷管接头。一种这样的方法是使用施加到焊接管接头周围的可热收缩套管。该套管装配到管接头,然后热收缩到接头上。替代地,可使用薄膜或带裹绕物。这可以例如是裹绕在管接头周围的聚丙烯薄膜。薄膜或带裹绕物需要在敷加到管接头时使用热量和张力来使裹绕物熔化到其本身。通常,薄膜或带裹绕物还敷加在管路涂层的端部上,以形成露出的管子的完全涂敷。这种薄膜或带裹绕物通常需要对露出的管子进行预加热以便于或使裹绕物能够熔合到管子。涂敷焊接管接头的另一替代方式是注模方法,由此,用模具来封闭露出的管接头,且诸如聚丙烯或聚乙烯的聚合物被压力注射到模具中。使聚合物冷却,并移除模具,从而留下涂敷有聚合物的管接头。如可以理解地,这种方法也得益于露出的管子的预加热,因而,注射的聚合物在与管子接触时不会冷却得太快,且实现良好地粘附于基底。在干线涂层极厚,且接头空腔需要填充的情况下,这些注模和薄膜或带裹绕方法优于使用可热收缩套管。
在管路建造期间将可热收缩套管施加到焊接管接头周围的情况下,通常,使用手持火焰焊炬使这种套管加热并收缩到接头或其它物品上(参见,例如1984年9月18日公布的题为“可热收缩覆盖物及其应用方法”的美国专利4,472,468,在此以参见方式纳入本文)。在一些情况下,这种手动操作由于在收缩套管下方捕集空气而产生不完美的安装。这会在套管的端部在套管的中间部分前收缩时发生。巧妙地应用焊炬是重要的。如果焊炬向外倾斜,套管的端部区会先收缩,从而导致空气滞留。有风的条件会使火焰传播并使套管的端部区过早地收缩。此外,除非小心地移动焊炬,否则焊炬火焰使套管燃烧并致使其裂开。在较大区域需要加热之处,当套管收缩时维持热量变得较难或不可能;这导致套管的起皱,由于捕集空气的不完美安装,热收缩材料会撕开或烧焦。有时,还导致热收缩材料不适当地或不完全地粘附于焊接管接头周围。
在现场接头涂层被涂敷到接头上之前,接头必须以对于涂层类型所需的指定方式进行制备。通常,对于热收缩套管、带及裹绕系统和注模,钢材通常被喷砂,且在极少情况下,电源线被刷拭以获得白金属或近白金属成品。通常,制备干线涂层来清洁它,且经常通过研磨或轻度喷砂来产生粗糙度。接头通常需要预加热以去除湿气,但更重要的是实现与涂层类型一致的一定温度,以使接头涂层粘附或熔合至钢材和干线涂层。例如,对于聚丙烯类型的收缩套管,粘合剂可具有约155℃的熔点,钢的预热经常在180℃。经常通过使用感应加热来完成预加热,感应加热仅加热钢材并间接地加热干线聚合涂层。由于露出的钢材被直接加热,它可以容易地加热到期望的温度,然而,干线涂层经由通过加热钢底部的热传导而变热。因此,涂层表面热起来有时间滞后,并且经常在钢材和涂层表面温度之间有取决于涂层厚度的40-100℃的温差。例如,在具有25毫米壁厚的610毫米直径的管子上,当接头钢材的温度到达180℃时,5毫米厚度的聚丙烯涂层仅可达到100-120℃。因此,当随后在具有这种基底热分布的接头上施加热收缩套管时,套管需要更多热量施加到重叠在干线涂层上的端部附近,以使套管粘附于露出的钢材和干线涂层以形成可靠的保护密封。
露出的钢材和干线涂层中的材料差异导致在预加热期间不同的热要求。在一些情况下,例如,管接头处过度的热量会使干线涂层过热并破坏它。在预加热期间,由于干线涂层中使用的材料特性,在露出的钢材上一般需要较高强度的热量,而涂敷的管子则需要较低强度的热量。例如,在由聚合物材料制成的管子具有较厚的干线厚度之处,露出的钢材将具有与干线涂层不同的比热、耐热性、贮热力和导热特性。因此,露出的钢材会需要更高强度的热量(这将损坏干线涂层),但可需要较少的时间,而干线涂层需要较少的热量,但需要较长周期的时间,以使热量吸收到涂层厚度中。此外,在使用手持火焰焊炬来施加热量的情况下,焊炬的操作者必须考虑到待涂敷的不同区域的厚度差异,并相应地径向调节焊炬位置。例如,干线涂层的厚度可以是相当大的,且操作者需要移动焊炬相当大的距离来保持焊炬和待加热区域之间相同的距离。
焊炬和加热装置的尺寸和构造在现场变化较大,待处理的管子的尺寸和构造也是如此。有时,使用强有力的大焊炬。这些大焊炬往往非常突然喷火并且不允许收缩套管的聚焦加热,由此由于过早收缩的套管端部而使空气滞留。有时,使用四个焊炬来使套管收缩以获得较快的生产率,这时两个操作者在管子的一侧,而两个在另一侧。这种实践会使在端部前选择性地加热套管的中间部分,并且使热量均匀恒定地施加在整个待加热区域上,以精确地控制施加到待收缩的不同区域的热量或者精确地控制各个区域被加热的次序近乎不可能。经常,为了获得套管的适当粘附,需要保持基底,通常为在与接头相邻的管段上的钢制管子和干线涂层的最小预加热温度。即便在较少的区域将要被加热时,或者使用较少焊炬,某些区域,例如,与管子的相对端相邻的干线涂层往往已冷却到最小预加热温度以下,因而,套管并不连结至干线涂层。因此,在收缩操作期间,额外延长的热量必须施加到重叠到干线涂层上的套管区域,以使粘合干线涂层界面升高到实现可靠连结的足够温度。借助于火焰焊炬,这是较难的,因为延长加热会烧焦和损坏套管,并有时导致开裂。由于在预加热接头期间,干线涂层表面可以如前所述比相邻的钢材冷40-100℃,加剧了额外延长加热的需要。因此,聚集的延长加热对于实现重叠涂层上的良好连结来说是必要的。
当在薄膜或带裹绕或注模之前预加热管接头时应当作类似考虑。
本发明提供至少在较佳实施例中可避免上述问题的装置。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,提供用于加热细长管状物品的装置,该装置包括适于设置在所述物品周围的框架构件,所述框架构件具有适于对细长管状物品进行加热的加热装置并且该加热装置设置在所述框架构件的内表面上或靠近内表面,以及用于操作加热装置的控制器。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供用于加热施加在细长管状物品周围的可热收缩套管的装置,该装置包括适于设置在所述物品周围的框架构件,所述框架构件具有适于对可热收缩套管进行加热的加热装置并且该加热装置设置在所述框架构件的内表面上或靠近内表面,以及用于操作加热装置的控制器。
根据另一实施例,加热装置形成在该装置设置在所述物品周围时包围所述细长管状物品的表面。
根据又一实施例,加热装置形成在该装置设置在所述套管周围时包围所述可热收缩套管的表面。
根据另一实施例,加热装置包括薄冲压板、箔带。
根据另一实施例,薄冲压板或箔带构造成正弦或直线构造,以形成提供相对均匀热量的加热平面。
根据另一实施例,加热装置包括呈例如石英管或瓷砖形式的红外元件。
根据另一实施例,加热装置包括例如由丙烷或天然气提供动力的扩散气体燃烧装置,诸如催化平板加热器。
根据另一实施例,加热装置包括至少两个独立的加热区,这些加热区适于分别加热细长管状物品的至少两个纵向隔开的区域,且所述控制器允许同时或相继操作加热区。
根据另一实施例,两个独立的加热部分可相对于管状物品从相邻的中心位置滑动到间隔开的位置,如例如图13-15中所示。
根据另一实施例,当设置在所述物品周围时,加热装置包括不同内表面直径的至少两个区域。
根据另一实施例,至少两个区域包括在第二区域的任一端处的第一区域和第三区域,其中,所述第二区域的内表面直径小于所述第一区域和所述第三区域的内表面直径。
根据又一实施例,该装置具有分别对应于第一、第二和第三区域的第一、第二和第三独立的加热区。
根据另一实施例,该装置还包括反射层和/或隔热层。
根据又一实施例,加热装置安装到所述反射或隔热层上。
根据又一实施例,反射或隔热层由耐火材料制成。
根据另一实施例,框架构件包括具有沿一侧纵向延伸的铰链的蛤壳装置。
根据本发明的另一方面提供用于加热施加在细长管状物品周围的可热收缩套管的方法,包括如文中所述靠近套管设置加热装置,并且用所述加热装置加热所述套管。
根据另一实施例,加热装置包括至少两个加热部分,且所述方法包括用所述对应的加热部分同时或相继加热套管的至少两个不同的纵向隔开的区域。
说明
本发明提供用于加热细长管状物品的和/或用于加热施加在细长管状物品周围的可热收缩套管的装置。该装置包括适于设置在所述物品周围的框架构件,框架构件设置有适于加热物品和/或围绕所述物品的套管的加热装置。本发明还提供用于操作加热装置的控制器。任选地,加热装置可包括两个或更多个独立的加热部分,这些加热部分适于分别加热套管的两个或更多个不同的纵向间隔开的区域,且控制器能够同时或相继地和/或以不同的加热强度/波长/温度操作加热部分。加热装置可包括不同直径的两个或更多个区域,以更好地符合变化直径的细长管状物品。
加热元件可以是任何已知形式的加热元件。在特定实施例中,加热元件包括红外电气元件,诸如可从美国纽约波莫纳的卡锁太阳能公司(Casso-Solar Corporation)购得的中心管(Unitube)加热器。这些红外元件可以呈例如石英管或瓷砖的形式。替代地,它们可包括例如由丙烷或天然气提供动力的扩散气体燃烧装置。这些装置的例子包括可从加拿大阿尔伯达省埃德蒙顿的西西阿尔热能技术有限公司(CCI Thermal Technologies)和从卡索太阳能公司购得的气体催化加热器。此外,例子包括诸如也从卡索太阳能公司购得的Fibergas-IITM加热器的含有金属或陶瓷基质的燃烧器,这些燃烧器使火焰扩散并然后向外辐射热量,以及如由意大利卡塞托尼斯的英法气体股份公司(Infragas S.p.a.)供应的使用经由穿过陶瓷基质扩散的气体的加热器。
在特别有利的实施例中,使用薄膜或者其它挠性红外电气元件(还称为“箔”或者“挠性条”加热元件)。这些元件的例子包括可从美国纽约波莫纳的卡索太阳能公司购得的V系列介质波长红外平板加热器。其它的例子可以在现有技术中找到,例如,如在以参见方式纳入本文的EP 0417375中所述。本文讨论的薄膜元件在其范围内还包括带、板、薄箔平板加热器、波纹条箔、含碳薄膜、光刻印有连续石墨材料的金属薄膜、喷射到或用刮刀刮在支承介质上的导电材料、膨胀金属或线阻元件,诸如波状线。V系列是例如具有较小质量用于快速加热/冷却和最小热延迟的冲压薄金属板,并可附连于具有较小导热性、较低热质量和较小贮热能力以使存储热量最小化的高温隔热板。薄膜元件可安装在高温隔热材料和/或耐火隔热材料上,这些材料如由加热构造和顺序所需或所期望地呈多种构造,包括直线、正弦或其它构造。使用薄膜或者其它挠性加热元件具有许多优点。薄膜或其它挠性加热元件便于制造形状和尺寸变化的装置,以紧密符合待加热的区域。薄膜或其它挠性加热元件还允许以其它方式来使装置尺寸和形状专用化,这种专用化不受石英管或瓷砖的标准尺寸和刚度的限制。薄膜可简单地冲压成所需尺寸。在将可热收缩套管施加到诸如已涂敷管子的细长管状物品周围的情况下,装置可在中间渐缩,以考虑诸如接近管接头的管子的未涂敷管子的半径和干线涂层的半径差异;在这种情况下,薄膜或其它挠性加热元件可容易地成形为符合装置变化的形状。这样,管接头或可热收缩套管和加热元件之间的距离可更为恒定,允许沿待加热的各种区域的改进的和更为均匀的热量分布。由此,这种改进和更为恒定的接近可允许更精确地控制加热,从而避免套管的燃烧或裂开的问题。在管接头被预加热而干线涂层非常厚的应用情况下,这种改进的和更为恒定的接近特别有利。这种接头将一定在露出的钢材区域处具有空腔并且相邻地具有非常厚的涂层。通过使用加热器,箔元件可允许定制设计,以利于使加热器接近露出的钢材,干线涂层的倾斜面以及干线涂层的顶面。因此,以小心的温度控制最有效地加热所有表面,而不会燃烧或氧化聚合涂层。
薄膜元件的另一优点是相对于本文所述的其它替代方式,它们在现场条件下更牢固且更不容易破损。薄膜元件是挠性的,并且当附连于诸如耐火隔热材料的隔热材料的实心基部时,它们相对于石英管或瓷砖近乎牢不可破。薄膜元件也更耐与水接触,这会在现场条件下发生,例如在离岸的铺管船上。在这种条件下,可热收缩套管经常是水冷的,这是因为软(还热着的)套管会由于托管架辊子(stingerroller)受到损坏,这些辊子在管子被释放到海洋中时支承管子。当加热元件被移除或置于管子上时,用于冷却管子的冷水会溅到加热元件上。在石英管或瓷砖的情况下,这种温度的快速改变会引起加热元件的开裂或其它损坏,而对于薄膜元件,这种损坏的风险较小,因为冷水仅用蒸汽使元件脱离。
通过使用冲压薄金属带,仅简单地通过使单独的加热元件施加到装置的不同区域,并且每个加热元件都由控制器单独控制,不同的区域可加热到不同的温度或在热收缩过程中以不同时间段加热。不同的加热元件可由控制器单独恒温控制,和/或可具有不同的加热特性(例如,由不同的基底制成或具有不同的卷绕厚度)以能够进行加热变化。由于这种结构,至少在较佳的实施例中,可小心地控制套管的加热以使套管的中间区在端部区之前收缩,从而避免空气滞留。此外,在特定实施例中,一旦套管的中间区收缩,端部区可同时收缩,从而在干线涂层冷却到需要的预加热温度以下之前快速安装。在管接头的预加热情况下,这种结构允许裸露管子的区域加热到比已涂敷管子的区域更高的热量级别,由此防止对管涂层的损害同时向裸露管子提供优化热量。尽管这种受控加热可由所述其它加热元件完成,但利用薄膜元件的另一优点在于元件加热和冷却快得多。在许多情况下,薄膜元件将由于5-10秒不工作而冷却并将在相似时间内加热框架。例如,某些金属箔型元件在10秒内可具有700摄氏度的升温。其它可在少到2秒内冷却下来。这意味着控制器可更为有效地、快速地和精确地控制区变化。还意味着管接头可加热得更快或者套管可收缩得更快。当用于诸如离岸铺管船的领域中时,薄膜元件的这种快速冷却还增加安全特性,工作空间紧凑—工作人员安全性大幅提高,这是因为在装置被搬运时,例如在该装置夹持到管子或从管子移除时,加热元件要冷得多。此外,薄膜元件的快速加热和冷却会使得节省高达20%的大量时间和能量成本。
装置还可在施加可热收缩套管之前和之后使用。例如,该装置可置于焊接的管接头周围,以在施加可热收缩套管之前预加热焊接管接头。一旦管子已预加热到期望的程度(即,在已达到预设定温度或预设定时间之后),然后可容易地移除该装置(包括加热元件),并可施加可热收缩套管。然后,该装置可选地再次置于焊接管接头周围,并再次施加热,以使可热收缩套管进行收缩。这使管接头比先前的方法恒定和均匀得多地进行预加热,在先前方法中,管接头的不同区域经常在不同时候预加热,结果使得在施加套管之前产生不均匀的冷却。
例如在应用薄膜或带裹绕或者涂层的注模之前,该装置还可用于为了其它涂敷应用而预加热管接头。如应理解地,在特定实施例中使用装置的另一优点是整个管接头和管接头的各段可同时达到期望的温度,且可快速移除装置,且可比传统预加热方法中快得多地开始敷加涂层。
附图说明
结合附图描述较佳实施例,其中相同的附图标记表示相同的部件。
图1示意示出穿过管接头的纵向剖视图,在该管接头上施加根据本发明的装置的第一实施例。
图2示意示出穿过图1的管接头的横向剖视图,所述横向剖视是在如图1上所示的平面A处截取的。
图3示意示出穿过图1的管接头的横向剖视图,所述横向剖视是在如图1上所示的平面B处截取的。
图4示出根据本发明的装置的第二实施例的立体图,该实施例以打开位置示出且露出内表面。
图5示出图4中的区域C的放大图,其示出是本发明的特定实施例的元件的挠性加热元件的表面。
图6示出根据本发明的装置的第三实施例的立体图,该实施例以打开位置示出且露出内表面。
图7、8和9示意示出在操作的相继各阶段中图6的实施例的纵向剖视图。
图10、11和12示意示出根据本发明的另一实施例的纵向剖视图。
图13、14和15示意示出根据本发明的另一实施例的纵向剖视图。
具体实施方式
首先参见图1,该图示意示出提供大体圆筒形支承结构35的框架装置34。该装置34设置在施加到细长管状物品(例如接头25)上的圆筒形热收缩套管26周围,该细长管状物品包括管段20的裸露端部之间的焊缝24,每个端部都具有聚合物保护干线涂层22。
支承结构35承载有加热装置,该加热装置在此实施例中包括加热元件层32。支承结构35还具有隔热/反射层30,该层反射从加热元件层32放出的热量并使支承结构35的外部隔热。隔热/反射层30可由现有技术已知的任何材料制成,例如,隔热泡沫或耐火材料,以具有热反射或隔热特性。
在较佳形式中,如图1中所示,支承结构35和加热元件层32横跨套管26和接头25的整个长度,从而超出管子段20的裸露端部延伸到干线涂层22的一部分上。
可以与支承结构35分离(如图所示)或集成到支承结构内的控制器33控制从加热元件层32输出的热的水平和/或强度。控制器33可恒温控制,可以通过加热元件层32中的阻力测量值进行控制,可以是计时器或者可以简单地是操作者选择的开关。
在图1中所示的例子中,有一层均匀的加热元件层32,该层围绕基本上整个支承机构35的内侧延伸。
在图1中所示的例子中,支承结构35在中间渐缩,并经管子裸露的管段20和干线涂层22紧跟管子半径。这样,套管26和加热元件层32之间的距离更为恒定,从而使热量沿待加热的各个区域更好地和更均匀地分布。由此,这种改进的和更为恒定的接近可允许更精确地控制为了预加热目的对接头的加热,而且还更好地控制收缩套管的收缩操作,由此避免套管的燃烧或裂开的问题。
在较佳的形式中,支承结构35包括如图2和3中所示的蛤壳装置,该蛤壳装置具有沿一侧纵向延伸的铰链36。在闭合位置,如图2和3中所示,半件37a和37b在与铰链36相对的边缘处沿接触或相对部38的线邻接或彼此相邻地相对。半件37a和37b可从如图2和3中所示的闭合位置枢转到图4中所示的打开位置,其中,半件37a和37b的边缘间隔开足以使打开的蛤壳置于套管26和管接头25的组件之上。然后,半件37a和37b闭合到一起以开始预加热或收缩操作。
图4示出处于打开位置的支承结构35。半件37a和37b示出为打开,露出支承结构35的内表面39。加热元件层32横跨内表面39的整个长度和宽度,尽管它被分成诸如为半件37a示出的段32a-e的各段。在较佳的实施例中,加热元件层32是薄膜或者其它的挠性加热元件,诸如像图5中放大部C所示的平箔导体电路或冲压箔元件带,图5示出加热元件层32的较佳实施例的正弦形条带(ribbon)48的放大部(不成比例)。所示的正弦形条带48大约3毫米宽、1毫米厚,并呈弧形或正弦形以使表面积最大化。条带48的柔性和较薄的性质允许加热元件层32三维成型,以使其围绕支承结构35弯曲,从而当它施加至接头25时使加热均匀度和加热面积最大化。通常,加热元件层32提供在1到16μm之间,例如,到6μm波长的红外辐射能量。加热元件层32通常以辐射性的红外辐射和“热量”来提供能量,人们发现,对于聚烯烃热收缩套管,约3.45μm波长的效果极佳。
在一实施例中,加热元件层32由夹在诸如聚酰亚胺或聚酯的耐热聚合物之间的薄电路镍铬合金线构成。其它的实施例包括由铬铝及铁合金或镍铬及铁合金制成的加热元件层32。在一实施例中,加热元件层32是具有如下重量百分比的化学组分的薄冲压板或薄膜:0.02-0.10%C;0-0.10%Mn;19.5%Cr;约56%Ni;4.25%Mo;0-2.0%Fe;13.5%Co;1.3%Al;9.1%Cu;0-0.15%Si;0.003-0.01%B;和3%Ti。
图6示出处于打开位置的支承结构35。半件37a和37b示出为打开,露出支承结构35的内部(即,在使用时最接近管子20的区域)。加热元件层32横跨内表面39的整个长度和宽度。图6示出条带48,尽管对于本领域的技术人员来说应理解到条带48的实际尺寸通常是更密地填塞的,例如约3毫米的宽度。在图6中所示实施例中,加热元件层32被分成十个不同的区域,每个区域具有单独的挠性热薄膜。半件37a被分成中心区42a,该中心区被过渡区44a和44d包围,每个过渡区又分别与外部区46a和46d相接。类似地,半件37b被分成中心区42b,该中心区被过渡区44b和44c包围,每个过渡区又分别与外部区46b和46c相接。每个区42a、42b、44a、44b、44c、44d、46a、46b、46c和46d都包括单独的冲压箔元件带,其能够由控制器33(未在图6中示出)单独进行控制。每个区都可具有特定数目的这些带,更密填塞的带将发射更多红外波和输出更多热量。因此,该装置的特点是十个单独加热区域,这些区域可为不同的热强度和温度或不同的加热时机而独立设定。例如,当夹持在管接头25周围时,加热顺序可以选择成区42a和42b先加热,由此加热围绕露出的管子20的可热收缩套管26。其次,区44a、44b、44c和44d被致动,从而加热过渡区。任选地,此时及时切断中心区42a和42b。第三步,区46a-d又将被致动,任选地切断过渡区44a-d,且如果还适用,切断中心区42a和42b。这样,在热收缩套管26的中部开始施加热量,然后向外辐射,这使气泡的形成和/或气穴28最小。接头的预加热也将遵循类似的加热顺序,由此,钢材上的区42a和42b设定在较高的强度,而聚合涂层上的区44a、44b、46a和46b设定在较低强度,但设定时间较长以避免对涂层的氧化性损伤。
图7-9以示意的方式示出如上所述的顺序。操作时,控制器33首先被致动,以如此单独操作中心区42(包括中心区42a和42b),即,以期望的热输出以及足以使套管26的中间部分50收缩到焊缝24和裸露的管端部20上的持续时间,如图7所示,该图示出以黑色表示致动状态的中心区42。然后,控制器33被致动以如此操作过渡区44(包括过渡区44a、44b、44c和44d),即,以期望的热输出和足以使套管26的过渡部分52收缩到管子20和干线涂层22上的持续时间。在此加热期间,根据应用情况,中心区42也可被加热;替代地且如图8中所示,仅加热过渡区44。最后,控制器33被致动以如此操作外部区46(包括外部区46a、44b),即,以期望的热输出和足以使套管26的外部54收缩到干线涂层22上的持续时间。在此加热期间,根据应用情况,加热区42和/或加热区44也可被加热;替代地且如图9中所示,仅加热外部区46。任选地,根据对于包括管子20、管接头25或干线涂层22的特定材料所需的较佳加热温度和加热持续时间,加热区42、44和46可加热到不同温度,和/或加热持续不同的时段。通过在中心处开始加热并沿向外方向移动,管子20和/或干线涂层22与热收缩套管26之间的气穴(例如,气穴28)最少,这是因为在上述阶段中空气逐步从套管26和管子之间的环面中排出。
在完成收缩后,蛤壳装置的半件37a和37b枢转到打开位置以便于相对于管子移动装置,以使其与另一管接头对齐,并且重复上述操作循环。
如将理解地,为了任何期望的应用情况,装置可具有任何数目的加热区。此外,控制器33可手动致动或在自动主控制器的控制下致动,任选地以对于多种管子、干线涂层22和/或应用情况的选择而预设定的温度和定时。例如,在一些应用情况下,装置将用于在管接头25的焊接之后和在敷加薄膜或带裹绕物或注模涂层之前对管子20、管接头25和干线涂层22预加热。在这些应用情况下,当然将没有套管26。在这些应用情况下,控制器可为加热元件的不同区域预设定不同的温度。例如,整个加热元件可设定为同时加热5分钟,但中心区42将设定成以比过渡区44高得多的强度和温度加热,而过渡区又将设定成以比外部区46高得多的强度加热。这样,管子20和管接头25可预加热到期望的温度,同时避免损坏干线涂层22,干线涂层将以较低强度加热到期望的温度。替代地,例如在干线涂层22特别厚(例如,100毫米厚)的情况下,可期望以相对较低的强度加热外部区25更长的持续时间(例如,10分钟),以允许热量穿透干线涂层22。在类似这种情况下,控制器可设定成对外部区25加热10分钟,而在这段时间的最后5分钟致动过渡区44和中心区42。在该示例中,过渡区44将用作界面区,仅加热5分钟,但以类似于外部区25的强度加热,以避免损坏干线涂层22和管子20之间的界面。中心区42将以高得多的强度加热,这是因为管子20可由于与干线涂层22相比快得多的散热特性而通常能承受(且可以要求)更高强度的热量。使用该加热方法,在10分钟的结尾,管子20和干线涂层22的所有加热段处于适于薄膜或带裹绕、注模或施加热收缩套管的期望的预加热温度。
图10-12示出本发明的装置的另一实施例。该实施例与图7-9中所示实施例不同之处在于(a)加热元件层仅包括两个加热区;(b)支承结构35以及由此加热元件层32并不是三维成型的,这是因为支承结构35和加热元件层32的半径在装置的纵向上基本上是一致的。加热元件层32被分成不同的区域,包括被外部区46围绕的中心区42。因此,该装置具有两个单独的加热区域,这些区域可独立设定不同的热强度和温度或不同的加热时间。例如,当夹持在管接头25周围时,加热顺序可以选择成区42先加热,由此加热围绕露出的管子20的可热收缩套管26。其次,致动外部区46。由此,开始在热收缩套管26的中部施加热量,然后向外辐射,这使气泡的形成和/或气穴28最少。第三步,区42被致动;最后,使区46不工作。该顺序的步骤1-3在图10-12中分别示意示出。操作时,如图10中所示,控制器33首先被致动以如此单独操作中心区42,即,以期望的热输出和足以使套管26的中间部分50收缩到焊缝24和裸露的管端部20上(如可在图11中所见,在加热后)的持续时间。在图10中,中心区42以表示致动状态的黑色图示。在该顺序的第二步骤中,如图11中所示,控制器33随后被致动以如此操作外部区46,即,以期望的热输出和足以使套管26的外部54收缩到干线涂层22上的持续时间。在此加热期间,加热区42也工作。致动的加热区以黑色表示。在图12中示出该顺序的第三步骤;控制器33被致动以使中心区42不工作,因而,仅致动外部区46(图12中以黑色表示)。外部区46以期望的热输出和足以使套管26的外部54收缩到干线涂层22上的持续时间进行加热。最后(未示出),控制器33使所有加热区不工作,因而,该装置34可由操作者安全地从管段20移除。蛤壳装置枢转到打开位置以便于相对于管子移动该装置,以使其与另一管接头对齐,并且重复上述操作循环。
当然,如图10-12中所示的装置可用于在注模、薄膜或带裹绕或施加套管26之前预加热管子,在这种情况下,参数和加热次序略微不同(且类似于如图7-9的上述讨论内容),但以相同方式进行控制。在这些应用情况下,将没有套管26。
图13-15示出了本发明的另一实施例。图13-15包括具有大体圆筒形支承结构35的装置,该支承结构35承载相对于结构35纵向地从图13中可见的相邻中心位置滑动到图15中可见的间隔开的位置的支承装置60和62,在该间隔开的位置,装置60和62与受到驱动装置(未示出)作用的套管26的端部相邻。每个装置60和62分别承载有在控制器33的控制下可操作的、大体周向延伸的加热部分64和66。控制器33还可控制实现装置60和62的滑动运动的驱动装置。如下所述,部分64和66各自最初共同在套管26的中间区加热,接着逐步加热套管的对应端部区。
使用时,加热部分64和66可在该例子中同时操作并从图13中所示的位置向外逐步移动到图14的位置,在图13中所示的位置,套管26的中间区50收缩并连结到焊缝24和管段20的裸露端部上,在图14的位置,套管26的从中间区50向外的各部分收缩并连结到各段20的裸露端部上。套管26的中间部分以及在套管26的中间部分略向外的各区域的收缩使空气在上述阶段从套管26中排出。
在最后阶段,如图15中所示,加热部分64和66加热套管26的端部区54并将它们连结到干线涂层22。
在一种改型中(未示出),类似于图13-15中所示结构的结构35载有三个加热部分。操作时,中心加热部分保持静止以使套管的中心区收缩并连结,而可在中心区的操作后进行操作的两个外加热部分向外可滑动地行进,通常参照图13-15如上所述。
图13-15中所示的结构和在前段中所述的改型结构还可有利地用于在施加套管26之前或为了薄膜或带裹绕或注模而对管部进行预加热。例如,加热部分64和66可以增大的速度向外逐步移动,因而,干线涂层22以比管子20短的持续时间受热。替代地,加热部分64和66可以减小的速度向外逐步移动,同时减小加热强度,因而,干线涂层22以比管子20长的持续时间但比其小的强度加热。在特定实施例中,加热部分64和66可在最外面的位置开始,朝管子焊缝24一起移动。这样,干线涂层22先受热,这是因为在一些应用情况下它将比管子20更久地保持热量。
除了上述那些优点外,本装置的较佳实施例的优点包括:
该装置提供高速自动操作,其中,对套管的相继各区的加热消除了空气滞留。
诸如隔热/反射层30的支承结构防护装置的内部,因而,它的操作不受到有风条件的影响。
挠性薄膜加热元件允许如下形状,即,具有厚干线涂层22的管子可通过使用“紧靠”接近焊缝24的露出的管子20的较窄的内部被容纳。
由于装置覆盖整个套管,一旦套管的中间区收缩,端部区于是可同时收缩,从而在干线涂层22冷却到期望的预加热温度以下之前快速安装套管。
尽管所有附图示出与套管26一起使用的装置,但应当理解到装置还可等效地用于在施加套管26之前对管接头进行预加热,或者对于不同的应用情况,诸如在带或薄膜裹绕之前预加热管接头,或者围绕管接头的涂层的注模之前,对管接头进行预加热。在这些应用情况下,当然将没有套管26。
应当理解,本发明不限于上述实施例,而是包含下述权利要求书的范围内的任何和所有实施例。

Claims (20)

1.用于加热细长管状物品或施加在细长管状物品周围的可热收缩套管的装置,所述装置包括适于设置在物品周围的框架构件,所述框架构件具有适于对所述物品进行加热的加热装置并且所述加热装置设置在所述框架构件的内表面上或靠近内表面,以及用于操作所述加热装置的控制器;所述加热装置具有两个或更多个加热区,其中所述加热装置包括薄冲压板或箔带形式的红外加热元件,所述薄冲压板或箔带暴露于环境,且所述加热元件提供1到16μm之间波长的红外辐射能量。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述加热元件提供2.5到6μm之间波长的红外辐射能量。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述加热元件提供3.45μm波长的红外辐射能量。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述加热装置形成在所述装置设置在所述物品周围时包围所述物品的表面。
5.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述冲压板或箔带包括从以下材料构成的组群中选择的材料:镍铬合金;铬铝合金;镍铬铁合金;铁铬铝合金;以及因科镍合金。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述加热装置包括至少两个独立的加热区,所述加热区适于分别加热所述物品的至少两个纵向隔开的区域,且所述控制器允许同时或相继操作所述加热区。
7.如权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,所述至少两个独立加热区相对于所述装置从相邻的中心位置可滑动到隔开的位置。
8.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,当设置在所述物品周围时,所述加热装置包括不同内表面直径的至少两个区域。
9.如权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述至少两个区域包括在第二区域的任一端处的第一区域和第三区域,所述第二区域的内表面直径小于所述第一区域和所述第三区域的内表面直径。
10.如权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于,具有分别对应于第一、第二和第三区域的第一、第二和第三独立的加热区。
11.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,还包括耐火或隔热层。
12.如权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,所述加热装置安装在所述耐火或隔热层上或连结到其上。
13.如权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述框架构件包括具有沿一侧纵向延伸的铰链的蛤壳装置。
14.如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述加热装置能够在10秒或更短时间内从环境温度加热到700℃的温度。
15.如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述加热装置能够在2秒或更短时间内从加热温度冷却到环境温度。
16.如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述薄冲压板或箔带具有以下重量百分比的化学成分:0.02-0.10%C、0-0.10%Mn、19.5%Cr、56%Ni、4.25%Mo、0-2.0%Fe、13.5%Co、1.3%Al、9.1%Cu、0-0.15%Si、0.003-0.01%B以及3%Ti。
17.用于加热细长管状物品或施加在细长管状物品周围的可热收缩套管的方法,包括将如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的加热装置设置到所述套管附近,并且用所述加热装置加热所述套管。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述加热装置包括至少两个加热部分,且所述方法包括用所述至少两个加热部分同时或相继加热所述套管的至少两个不同的纵向间隔开的区域。
19.用于预加热细长管状物品或施加在细长管状物品周围的可热收缩套管的方法,包括将如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的加热装置设置到所述细长管状物品附近,并且用所述加热装置加热所述细长管状物品。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述加热装置包括至少两个加热部分,且所述方法包括用所述至少两个加热部分同时或相继加热所述细长管状物品或施加在细长管状物品周围的可热收缩套管的至少两个不同的纵向间隔开的区域。
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EP2406060B1 (en) 2016-06-29
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ES2586182T3 (es) 2016-10-13
EA201190169A1 (ru) 2012-03-30
WO2010102392A1 (en) 2010-09-16
US20120090765A1 (en) 2012-04-19
CA2829869A1 (en) 2010-09-16
EP2406060A1 (en) 2012-01-18
CA2755226C (en) 2014-01-07
KR20110131276A (ko) 2011-12-06
CA2755226A1 (en) 2010-09-16
AU2010223810A1 (en) 2011-10-06
CA2829869C (en) 2017-04-18
CA2658494A1 (en) 2010-09-13
EP2406060A4 (en) 2012-08-22
MX339706B (es) 2016-06-07
AU2010223810B2 (en) 2016-05-12
EA023779B1 (ru) 2016-07-29
CN102387907A (zh) 2012-03-21
SG174336A1 (en) 2011-10-28

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