CN102357633A - Method for manufacturing nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of forge process, and provides a method for manufacturing a nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) inspecting nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw materials, including re-inspection of chemical components and inspection of steel ingot surface; (2) blanking by adopting a sawing machine sawing method or a chopper hot chopping method; (3) heating the steel ingot; (4) cogging and performing forge deformation treatment; (5) performing last but one heating number forging and last heating number forging; (6) rough processing; (7) heat treating; (8) testing mechanical performance; (9) detecting faults with ultrasonic wave; and (10) inspecting products. According to the manufacturing method provided by the invention, home-made manufacture of nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge pieces achieves a success, utilization of China to the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is broken through, and the quality and grade of products of China can be improved, the requirement of domestic market for high-quality valve rods and valve discs of a steam turbine, seal rings in various specifications and critical parts in aerospace field can be fulfilled, and the competitive capability of native enterprises in the international market can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Forging Technology technical field, specifically, is a kind of manufacturing approach of nickel base superalloy forging.
Background technology
Nickel base superalloy (NiCr20TiAl) is to be matrix with nickel-chromium; Add the high temperature alloy of aluminium, the dispersion-strengtherning of titanium formation γ ' phase; Serviceability temperature 700-800 ℃; Have good high-temperature creep resistant, anti-lax and antioxygenic property at 650-850 ℃, be mainly used in the valve rod valve disc of 1,000,000 grade supercritical turbines, the sealing ring of all size and the manufacturing that aviation field is made strength members such as engine rotor blade at present.Nickel base superalloy room temperature texture is an austenite, and wherein the content of chromium is very high, and for obtaining higher hardness number, wherein the content of titanium and aluminium is a kind of Ni-based supertherm generally near higher limit, has very high heat resistance.But because intensity is high under the high temperature, resistance of deformation is very big, therefore, just increases the difficulty (seeing accompanying drawing 2 " the stress strain curve figure of nickel-base high-temperature alloy material ") of its forging and molding.At present, the maturation process of nickel base superalloy in the forging production process is not familiar with by industry, has only only a few enterprise to grasp this technology.Do not have this new material to forge before China and the process of thermal treatment technology, therefore, do not have relevant technical standard yet.
Before this; We mostly adopt bar directly to be processed into the manufacturing approach of part in the manufacturing of the sealing ring of steam turbine valve rod valve disc, all size and aviation field strength member; Therefore, product quality often also can not get guaranteeing except causing a large amount of meaningless steel consumptions.Sometimes just directly from external import, except time and money, key is that the enterprise of being beyond the control of us decides.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacturing approach of nickel base superalloy forging,
Can avoid the forging after-baking of blank forging to be out of shape with the method, reduce manufacturing process, shorten the production cycle, cut down the consumption of energy, and reliable foundation is provided for follow-up production.
Research is learnt: different with general nickel-base alloy, nickel base superalloy (NiCr20TiAl) is along with the raising of temperature, and its plasticity is obvious downward trend, but the decline of its tensile strength and yield strength but is not clearly.Therefore, the characteristic that the nickel base superalloy plastic degeneration is poor, resistance of deformation is big causes suitable difficulty to hot forging forming.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of manufacturing approach of nickel base superalloy forging is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
(1) inspection of raw and process materials
The nickel base superalloy inspection of raw and process materials comprises the reinspection of chemical composition and the inspection of surface of steel ingot;
(2) blanking
The method that adopts sawing machine sawing or die heat to cut is carried out;
(3) heating
Steel ingot is heated, and its treatment step is:
1. steel ingot is heated to≤300 ℃ advance stove, heat slowly to 800 ℃, the time is no less than 4 hours;
2. when steel ingot reaches 800 ℃, be incubated, the time is no less than 3.8 hours;
3. be rapidly heated then, be warming up to 1150 ℃ by 800 ℃, the time is no less than 3.8 hours;
4. when steel ingot reaches 1130~1150 ℃, be incubated, the time is no less than 3.5 hours;
5. carry out air cooling then;
Make steel ingot reach desired mechanical performance index through heat treated;
(4) cogging and carry out forging deformation and handle
Starting stage is heated to the austenite structure state with steel ingot or steel billet and carries out upsetting pull and forge, and forging ratio reaches >=and 3.5, initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, final forging temperature is 950 ℃; Each heat time heating time >=1 hour;
(5) forge
1. the forgings of end two fire time adopt end two fire that forging stock is carried out sub-material, each cross section is reserved 20~25% deflection guaranteeing the deflection in last fire time each cross section, and enough forging times are arranged in 1150~950 ℃;
The forging of 2. last fire time is controlled at 1150 ℃ and guarantee heat penetration with the forging stock temperature, adopts the pulling operation that each cross section of forging stock is forged, and forging stock is forged to the forging ' s block dimension of setting; When forging bar portion cross section, light hammering pack continuous transposition, avoid the temperature rise that forging stock is fast because of deformation velocity, deflection causes greatly, make forging stock remain on 1030~1000 ℃ temperature range, in order to avoid the core cracking;
(6) roughing
Size by roughing figure regulation is carried out turning processing to forging stock;
(7) heat treatment
Heat treatment: 1060 ℃ of solid solutions are incubated 8 hours, air cooling;
850 ℃ of timeliness are incubated 24 hours, air cooling;
700 ℃ of precipitation-hardenings are incubated 16 hours, air cooling;
(8) Mechanics Performance Testing
The sample that extracts the forging end face by the requirement of roughing figure carries out Mechanics Performance Testing, and test index comprises: yield strength, tensile strength, percentage elongation, just shellfish (v-notch) ballistic work, ballistic work;
(9) ultrasonic examination (UT)
Forging to through Mechanics Performance Testing carries out ultrasonic examination, and ultrasonic examination is undertaken by the regulation of EN10308-3 credit rating 3;
(10) examination and test of products
After the assay was approved, product has just been accomplished.
In the forging process of step (5), steel ingot is carried out 2~3 upsetting pulls, make forging ratio reach technology required 3.5~4.0; The whole forging of forging passed through, and even tissue, densification also guarantee mechanical property.
In step (5) forging process 2., at the beginning of steel ingot distortion, must rotation touch, after treating that the tissue of ingot casting is broken, plasticity makes moderate progress and improving, again heating-up temperature is improved 10 ℃, but sledgehammer strike at this moment, to accelerate deformation velocity and deflection.
In step (5) forging process 2., the inferior deflection of last fire will be controlled between 20~25%, will control deformation velocity simultaneously, avoids raising because of being out of shape the too fast forging temperature that causes.
The good effect of the manufacturing approach of nickel base superalloy forging of the present invention is:
(1) nickel base superalloy (NiCr20TiAl) costs an arm and a leg; The success that its production domesticization is manufactured; The domestic market can not only be satisfied to the sealing ring of high-quality steam turbine valve rod valve disc, all size and the demand of aviation field strength member, domestic enterprise's competitiveness in the international market can also be improved;
(2) reduced in the past the lot of consumption of special steel material, reduced production cost, our product can be improved the quality and class.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of the manufacturing approach of nickel base superalloy forging of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the stress strain curve figure of nickel-base high-temperature alloy material;
Fig. 3 is the heating schedule figure of nickel base superalloy;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of nickel base superalloy valve setting valve rod forging.
The specific embodiment
Provide the specific embodiment of the manufacturing approach of nickel base superalloy forging of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, still, enforcement of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1.A kind of manufacturing approach of nickel base superalloy forging comprises following steps,
(1) inspection of raw and process materials
The nickel base superalloy inspection of raw and process materials comprises the reinspection (pressing TLV952011) of chemical composition and the inspection of surface of steel ingot.
(2) blanking
The method that adopts sawing machine sawing or die heat to cut is carried out.
(3) heating
Steel ingot is heated, and its treatment step is (seeing accompanying drawing 3 " the heating schedule figure of nickel base superalloy "):
1. steel ingot is heated to≤300 ℃ advance stove, heat slowly to 800 ℃, the time is 4 hours;
2. when steel ingot reaches 800 ℃, be incubated, be incubated 3.8 hours;
3. be rapidly heated then, be warming up to 1150 ℃ by 800 ℃, the time is 3.8 hours;
4. when steel ingot reaches 1130~1150 ℃, be incubated, be incubated 3.5 hours;
5. carry out air cooling then;
Make steel ingot reach desired mechanical performance index through heat treated.
(4) cogging and carry out forging deformation and handle
Starting stage is heated to the austenite structure state with steel ingot or steel billet and carries out upsetting pull and forge, and forging ratio reaches >=and 3.5, initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, final forging temperature is 950 ℃; Each heat time heating time >=1 hour.
(5) forge
1. the forgings of end two fire time adopt end two fire that forging stock is carried out sub-material, each cross section is reserved 20~25% deflection guaranteeing the deflection in last fire time each cross section, and enough forging times are arranged in 1150~950 ℃;
The forging of 2. last fire time is controlled at 1150 ℃ and guarantee heat penetration with the forging stock temperature, adopts the pulling operation that each cross section of forging stock is forged, and forging stock is forged to the forging ' s block dimension of setting; Attention: when forging bar portion cross section, light hammering pack continuous transposition, avoid forging stock, make forging stock remain on 1030~1000 ℃ temperature range, in order to avoid core ftractures because of the fast temperature rise that causes greatly with deflection of deformation velocity.
In step (5) forging process 2., need carry out 2 or 3 upsetting pulls to steel ingot, make forging ratio reach technology required 3.5~4.0, the whole forging of forging passed through, even tissue, densification also guarantee mechanical property.
In step (5) forging process 2., at the beginning of steel ingot distortion, must rotation touch, after treating that the tissue of ingot casting is broken, plasticity makes moderate progress and improving, again heating-up temperature is improved 10 ℃, but sledgehammer strike at this moment, to accelerate deformation velocity and deflection.
In step (5) forging process 2., the inferior deflection of last fire will be controlled between 20~25%, will control deformation velocity simultaneously, avoids raising because of being out of shape the too fast forging temperature that causes.The temperature of forging deformation final stage and cooling velocity are determining the size dimension of crystal grain, and have influence on mechanical property of nickel base superalloy valve setting valve rod forging (seeing accompanying drawing 4) etc.
(6) roughing
Size by roughing figure regulation is carried out turning processing to forging stock.
(7) heat treatment
Heat treatment: 1060 ℃ of solid solutions are incubated 8 hours, air cooling;
850 ℃ of timeliness are incubated 24 hours, air cooling;
700 ℃ of precipitation-hardenings are incubated 16 hours, air cooling.
(8) Mechanics Performance Testing
The sample that extracts the forging end face by the requirement of roughing figure carries out Mechanics Performance Testing, and test index comprises: yield strength, tensile strength, percentage elongation, just shellfish (v-notch) ballistic work, ballistic work.
(9) ultrasonic examination (UT)
Forging to through Mechanics Performance Testing carries out ultrasonic examination, and ultrasonic examination is undertaken by the regulation of EN10308-3 credit rating 3.
(10) examination and test of products
After the assay was approved, product has just been accomplished.
The above is merely preferred implementation of the present invention; Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's design; Can also make some improvement and retouching, these improvement and retouching also should be regarded as in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the manufacturing approach of a nickel base superalloy forging is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
(1) inspection of raw and process materials
The nickel base superalloy inspection of raw and process materials comprises the reinspection of chemical composition and the inspection of surface of steel ingot;
(2) blanking
The method that adopts sawing machine sawing or die heat to cut is carried out;
(3) heating
Steel ingot is heated, and its treatment step is:
1. steel ingot is heated to≤300 ℃ advance stove, heat slowly to 800 ℃, the time is no less than 4 hours;
2. when steel ingot reaches 800 ℃, be incubated, the time is no less than 3.8 hours;
3. be rapidly heated then, be warming up to 1150 ℃ by 800 ℃, the time is no less than 3.8 hours;
4. when steel ingot reaches 1130~1150 ℃, be incubated, the time is no less than 3.5 hours;
5. carry out air cooling then;
Make steel ingot reach desired mechanical performance index through heat treated;
(4) cogging and carry out forging deformation and handle
Starting stage is heated to the austenite structure state with steel ingot or steel billet and carries out upsetting pull and forge, and forging ratio reaches >=and 3.5, initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, final forging temperature is 950 ℃; Each heat time heating time >=1 hour;
(5) forge
1. the forgings of end two fire time adopt end two fire that forging stock is carried out sub-material, each cross section is reserved 20~25% deflection guaranteeing the deflection in last fire time each cross section, and enough forging times are arranged in 1150~950 ℃;
The forging of 2. last fire time is controlled at 1150 ℃ and guarantee heat penetration with the forging stock temperature, adopts the pulling operation that each cross section of forging stock is forged, and forging stock is forged to the forging ' s block dimension of setting; When forging bar portion cross section, light hammering pack continuous transposition, avoid the temperature rise that forging stock is fast because of deformation velocity, deflection causes greatly, make forging stock remain on 1030~1000 ℃ temperature range, in order to avoid the core cracking;
(6) roughing
Size by roughing figure regulation is carried out turning processing to forging stock;
(7) heat treatment
Heat treatment: 1060 ℃ of solid solutions are incubated 8 hours, air cooling;
850 ℃ of timeliness are incubated 24 hours, air cooling;
700 ℃ of precipitation-hardenings are incubated 16 hours, air cooling;
(8) Mechanics Performance Testing
The sample that extracts the forging end face by the requirement of roughing figure carries out Mechanics Performance Testing, and test index comprises: yield strength, tensile strength, percentage elongation, just shellfish ballistic work, ballistic work;
(9) ultrasonic examination
Forging to through Mechanics Performance Testing carries out ultrasonic examination, and ultrasonic examination is undertaken by the regulation of EN10308-3 credit rating 3;
(10) examination and test of products
After the assay was approved, product has just been accomplished.
2. the manufacturing approach of nickel base superalloy forging according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the forging process of step (5), steel ingot is carried out 2~3 upsetting pulls, make forging ratio reach technology required 3.5~4.0; The whole forging of forging passed through, and even tissue, densification also guarantee mechanical property.
3. the manufacturing approach of nickel base superalloy forging according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, in step (5) forging process 2., at the beginning of the steel ingot distortion, must rotation touch; The tissue of treating ingot casting is broken, plasticity makes moderate progress and improve after; Again heating-up temperature is improved 10 ℃, but sledgehammer strike at this moment, to accelerate deformation velocity and deflection.
4. the manufacturing approach of nickel base superalloy forging according to claim 1; It is characterized in that in step (5) forging process 2., the inferior deflection of last fire will be controlled between 20~25%; To control deformation velocity simultaneously, avoid raising because of being out of shape the too fast forging temperature that causes.
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CN102409184A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-04-11 | 西部钛业有限责任公司 | Preparation method of pure nickel slab |
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