CN102492906A - Forging method of high-temperature alloy fine-grained bars - Google Patents
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000186216 Corynebacterium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of forging, and relates to a forging method of high-temperature alloy fine-grained bars. According to the invention, a combined breakdown production method of upsetting and stretching, and radial forging is adopted. A deflection is large, deflection directions are changed alternately, carbide is sufficiently crushed, and carbide is distributed in a dispersed state, such that the fatigue property of the alloy is improved. The bar is finally subject to one-heating molding through radial forging, such that grain growing caused by the direct fired bar which is delivered back to a furance is avoided. Also, the method is beneficial for excircle deflection of the bar. Therefore, fine-grained bars with a grain grade difference smaller than 2 grades are obtained. The method is a novel method with a good prospect. The method is suitable for high-temperature alloy fine-grained bar productions. If the method is popularized, good social and economical benefits can be brought in.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of forging; The forging method that particularly relates to the thin crystal bar material of a kind of superalloy; The hot-work that is applicable to the GH4169 alloy of metallurgy industry is forged, and is used for that the texturing temperature interval is narrow, the cogging of thermal process parameter responsive type superalloy.
Technical background
Superalloy becomes industrial circles such as petrochemical industry, nuclear energy, Aeronautics and Astronautics and bears the abominable indispensable material of environment for use key part such as high temperature, burn into load owing to having excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and anti-oxidant, corrosion resistance.Superalloy generally all has higher alloying element content, like Ni, Cr, Mo, W, Co etc.This type of alloying element is the strategic alloy resource of China mostly, and cost of material is higher.Bring very big difficulty for the smelting and the hot-work of alloy after adding this dvielement, cause superalloy product lumber recovery very low.
In718 (domestic trade mark GH4169) alloy is owing to have higher heat resistance and good comprehensive mechanical properties and hot-workability preferably, become U.S.'s application the most widely aircraft engine use wrought superalloy.Part with its preparation comprises the turbine disk, compressor disc, labyrinth, blade, axle, screw bolt and nut etc., is that an a kind of typical material is used alloy more, and its output has reached 45% of wrought superalloy gross annual output amount.The maximum characteristics of this alloy are to adopt different thermal distortion technology can obtain organizing the material bigger with performance difference, and in other words, the GH4169 alloy is a kind of heat processing technique responsive type alloy.
The GH4169 alloy bar material that the cogging technics of the unidirectional pulling of machine is produced is forged in present domestic employing soon, and deformation direction is single, and the broken insufficient and longshore current line of carbide is the string shape and distributes, and is easy to become the fatigue cracking source.In addition, cause the bar grain growth, be difficult to obtain uniform fine grained texture because empty the burning melted down in time forging of many fire.Above reason becomes the bottleneck that restriction China superalloy bar quality improves.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the forging method of the thin crystal bar material of a kind of superalloy; Adopt upsetting pull to add the mode of production that the associating cogging is forged in the footpath; The very big and deformation direction checker of deflection, the fully broken and disperse of carbide distributes, and has improved the fatigue property of alloy.Bar is finally forged a pyrogene shape through the footpath, has avoided melting down the empty grain growth that causes that burns, and highly beneficial to the distortion of bar cylindrical, obtains the differential thin crystal bar material less than 2 grades of crystal grain.Therefore, this is a kind of up-and-coming novel method that is applicable to that the thin crystal bar material of superalloy is produced, and will produce good economic results in society after promoting.
The present invention can practice thrift strategic alloy resource, fining high temperature alloy bar grain fineness number, improve the bar homogeneity of structure; Make wrought superalloy GH4169 have good heat resistance and excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, possess hot-work ability preferably and welding property simultaneously, extensively be elected to be the preparation material of the crucial tumbler-turbine disk of Aeronautics and Astronautics mover.
Yet because this alloy is very responsive to thermal process parameter, the texturing temperature interval has only 100 ℃, and hot procedure is difficult to control, and the thermal distortion homogeneity of structure can't guarantee.The bar center and peripheral place grain fineness number that adopts the unidirectional pulling mode of fast forging machine to produce at present is differential greater than 4 grades; And because bar cylindrical temperature drop seriously causes separating out mutually too much; Large-area black brilliant tissue appears; Can only remove at machining process thereafter, this has greatly wasted the comparatively deficient strategic alloy resource of China.
According to above-mentioned purpose, the whole technical scheme of the present invention is:
The present invention is directed to the forging method of the thin crystal bar material of a kind of superalloy, be specially adapted to tissue thermal distortion technology responsive type alloy.Adopt upsetting pull to add the mode that the associating shaping is forged in the footpath, it directly forges low-temperature heat, and Heating temperature is 1000～1010 ℃, a pyrogene shape; Made bar grain fineness number is greater than 7 grades of ASTM.Concrete process step is following:
At first will pass through the GH4169 Φ 508mm alloy cast ingot of vacuum induction melting (VIM)+vacuum consumable remelting (VAR) handles at 1160～1190 ℃ of high-temperature homogenizations; Then 2000 tons of fast forging machine upsetting pull coggings; The jumping-up deflection is 30%; Then melt down and be heated to 1100～1120 ℃, pulling is to 1.6 meters.Melt down through one to three upsetting pull (upsetting pull number of times according to bar technical qualification confirm) again and to be heated to 1100～1120 ℃, pulling is to 6.4 meters, diameter of phi 240mm.Utilize high-temperature agglomerant with the even covering and heat insulating blanket of excellent base, reheat to 1000～1010 ℃ utilize 1300 tons of footpath forging machines one fiery forgings to be shaped.
The thin crystal bar material of the superalloy of forging of the present invention grain structure is evenly tiny, reaches more than the ASTM7 level, and the grain fineness number of center and cylindrical is differential less than 2 grades; The δ phase amount is moderate, is corynebacterium or particulate state is distributed in crystal boundary; Carbide is tiny, and disperse distributes.
The mass percent of each component of high-temperature agglomerant according to the invention is 35～40%Al
2O
3, 48～52%SiO
2With 9～15%Fe
2O
3Mixture.
The chemical composition weight percent of superalloy GH4169 of the present invention is C≤0.08%, Cr:17.0～21.0%, Mo:2.80～3.30%; Al:0.30～0.70%, Ti:0.75～1.15%, Nb:5.0～5.5%; Co≤1.0%, Ni:50～55%, Fe: surplus.
Adopt the thin crystal bar material of the present invention forging method, the bar grain fineness number is greater than 7 grades of ASTM.
According to above-mentioned purpose and principle of work, the concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
The present invention compared with prior art has save energy, saves alloy resource, made bar homogeneous microstructure, tiny and have characteristics of good comprehensive mechanical properties.Above-mentioned concrete advantage is: the present invention adopts fast forging to add the mode forging superalloy bar that the associating shaping is forged in the footpath; Greatly improve the bar homogeneity of structure; Avoiding forging soon the inferior sky burning of melting down of the many fire of cogging causes grain growth and bar cylindrical temperature drop to cause the black brilliant appearance of organizing; Improve lumber recovery effectively, reduced material cost; And a pyrogene shape is forged in the final footpath of adopting, and has reduced energy consumption.Therefore, this is a kind of up-and-coming method that is applicable to the superalloy forge bar, will produce good economic results in society after promoting.
Description of drawings
Figure l is a upsetting pull cogging synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that unidirectional pulling and upsetting pull add the contrast of pulling deflection.
Fig. 3 is unidirectional pulling distribution of carbides.
Fig. 4 adds the pulling distribution of carbides for upsetting pull.
Fig. 5 is fast forging strain field distribution.
Fig. 6 is footpath forging strain field distribution.
Fig. 7 forges bar cylindrical grain fineness number for the footpath.
Fig. 8 forges bar radius grain fineness number for the footpath.
Fig. 9 forges bar heart portion grain fineness number for the footpath.
Embodiment
The mode that the present invention adopts upsetting pull to add footpath forging associating shaping prepares the thin crystal bar material of GH4169 alloy, and upsetting pull cogging technics schematic flow sheet is as shown in Figure 1.Adopt the bar of unidirectional pulling cogging, through the Φ 508mm GH4169 of vacuum induction melting (VIM)+vacuum consumable remelting (VAR) alloy pig, surperficial car light pulls out the bar to Φ 240mm to Φ 480mm at fast forging machine; Adopt the bar of upsetting pull technology cogging, through the Φ of VIM+VAR 508mm GH4169 alloy pig, surperficial car light is to Φ 480mm, and through a jumping-up of 30% deflection, pulling is former length extremely.Through the secondary jumping-up of 30% deflection, pulling is former length extremely again.Continue the unidirectional bar that pulls out then to Φ 240mm.Fig. 2 is the finite element numerical calculation result of repeatedly upsetting pull and deflection relation; Show that unidirectional pulling, a upsetting pull add that pulling, secondary upsetting pull add pulling, three upsetting pulls add the nominal deflection that pulls out three kinds of cogging modes and increase progressively successively, are respectively 73.6%, 86.7%, 92.9% and 96.3%.It is thus clear that with the increase of upsetting pull number of times, deflection obviously increases, carbide obtains abundant fragmentation; In addition, upsetting pull process deformation direction generation checker promotes carbide to be arranged by the string shape and becomes the disperse distribution.Unidirectional pulling and upsetting pull add pulling Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are seen in the influence of distribution of carbides.More than change for positive effect is arranged the fatigue lifetime that prolongs the GH4169 alloy.
The mode that the present invention adopts upsetting pull to add footpath forging associating shaping prepares the thin crystal bar material of GH4169 alloy, and low temperature directly is swaged into shape (1010 ℃ of Heating temperatures) after the upsetting pull cogging.The difference of forging soon and directly forging is to forge soon the equivalent strain maximum of bar heart portion, and bar cylindrical equivalent strain maximum is forged in the footpath, sees Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.The fast forging with the footpath forging combines; Both guaranteed that there were enough deflections in bar heart portion, heart portion as-cast structure obtains abundant fragmentation, and recrystallize is complete; Also can be swaged into shape through whole final bar one fire time footpath; Avoided the many fire of fast forging to be shaped and melted down the empty grain growth that causes that burns, and the part of footpath forging process is returned heat energy the cylindrical temperature of excellent base is remained on more than 930 ℃, the black brilliant tissue of having avoided the bar cylindrical to cause because of δ excessively separates out mutually.
The mode that the present invention adopts upsetting pull to add footpath forging associating shaping prepares the thin crystal bar material of GH4169 alloy; The cylindrical grain fineness number is 9 grades, and the center grain fineness number is 7 grades, whole bar homogeneous microstructure; Coordinate corynebacterium or particulate state of δ is distributed in crystal boundary; Carbide dispersion distributes, and has good comprehensive mechanical properties, sees Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and table 1.
Domestic certain steel mill adopts the bar of upsetting pull technology cogging, and through the Φ of VIM+VAR 508mm GH4169 alloy pig, surperficial car light is to Φ 480mm, and through a jumping-up of 30% deflection, pulling is to 1.6 meters.Through the secondary jumping-up of 30% deflection, pulling is former length extremely again.Continue unidirectional pulling to 6.4 meter (diameter of phi 240mm) then.Warp polishing, surperficial car light are to Φ 205mm.
Utilize forging machine in footpath to produce GH4169 alloy Φ 95mm and Φ 80mm bar, need not melt down heating in the final forming process, a fire can be accomplished the forging of whole bar.The present invention adopts low-temperature heat technology and time variable control footpath forging process technology can effectively avoid the heart portion of bar forging forming process to heat up and the cylindrical cooling.Below be the concrete footpath of Φ 95mm and Φ 80mm bar forging process:
Earlier utilize high-temperature agglomerant evenly to coat insulation blanket Φ 205mm bar, go into stove and be warming up to 1010 ℃ of insulations 3 hours.
Φ 95mm bar footpath forging process: 1010 ℃ of Heating temperatures, 930 ℃ of final forging temperatures.
Totally eight passages: 205.0 → 192.8 → 174.9 → 158.7 → 143.9 → 130.5 → 118.4 → 109.0 → 109.0mm (hot), surperficial car light is to Φ 95mm.
Φ 80mm bar footpath forging process; 1010 ℃ of Heating temperatures, 930 ℃ of final forging temperatures.
Totally nine passages: 205.0 → 192.0 → 172.9 → 155.8 → 140.3 → 126.4 → 113.8 → 102.5 → 94.0 → 94.0mm (hot), surperficial car light is to Φ 80mm.
The thin crystal bar material of above-mentioned GH4169 alloy Φ 95mm can directly be processed into the widely used drill bit of petrochemical industry, taking up wear and cold and hot fatigue effect under corrosive environment, and the life-span surpasses existing inserted drill.And the thin crystal bar material of Φ 80mm; Can be processed into the various moulds of mechanical industry, like overflow mould, forging die etc., its use temperature can reach 650 ℃; Bear the interaction of high temperature, big load and cold and hot fatigue, have better heat resistance and longer work-ing life than die steel 5CrNiMo.
The mechanical property that table 1 Φ 95mm and Φ 80mm directly forge bar
Φ 95mm rod mechanical performance
Φ 80mm is rod mechanical performance
Claims (4)
1. the forging method of the thin crystal bar material of superalloy is characterized in that process step is following:
At first will pass through the GH4169 Φ 508mm alloy cast ingot of vacuum induction melting+vacuum consumable remelting handles 1160～1190 ℃ of homogenizing; Then 2000 tons of fast forging machine upsetting pull coggings; The jumping-up deflection is 30%, then melts down to be heated to 1100～1120 ℃, pulls out to 1.6 meters of ingot blanks; Through one to three upsetting pull, to melt down again and be heated to 1100～1120 ℃, pulling is to 6.4 meters, diameter of phi 240mm; Utilize high-temperature agglomerant with the even covering and heat insulating blanket of excellent base, reheat to 1000～1010 ℃ utilize 1300 tons of footpath forging machines one fiery forgings to be shaped.
2. the forging method of the thin crystal bar material of superalloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that the thin crystal bar material of the superalloy of forging grain structure is evenly tiny, reaches more than the ASTM7 level, and the grain fineness number of center and cylindrical is differential less than 2 grades; The δ phase amount is moderate, is corynebacterium or particulate state is distributed in crystal boundary; Carbide is tiny, and disperse distributes.
3. the forging method of the thin crystal bar material of superalloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that the mass percent of each component of said high-temperature agglomerant is 35～40%Al
2O
3, 48～52%SiO
2With 9～15%Fe
2O
3Mixture.
4. the forging method of the thin crystal bar material of superalloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that the chemical composition weight percent of described superalloy GH4169 is C≤0.08%; Cr:17.0～21.0%, Mo:2.80～3.30%, Al:0.30～0.70%; Ti:0.75～1.15%, Nb:5.0～5.5%, Co≤1.0%; Ni:50～55%, Fe: surplus.
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2011
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