CN114700451A - Forging production process of Waspaloy nickel-based alloy - Google Patents
Forging production process of Waspaloy nickel-based alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN114700451A CN114700451A CN202210314433.9A CN202210314433A CN114700451A CN 114700451 A CN114700451 A CN 114700451A CN 202210314433 A CN202210314433 A CN 202210314433A CN 114700451 A CN114700451 A CN 114700451A
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- based alloy
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- steel ingot
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 229910001247 waspaloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/003—Selecting material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/02—Special design or construction
- B21J9/022—Special design or construction multi-stage forging presses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a forging production process of a Waspaloy nickel-based alloy forging, which specifically comprises the following steps: s1, steel ingot placement: filling a Walpaloy nickel-based alloy steel ingot into a furnace, and padding the furnace on cast iron; s2, steel ingot heating: slowly heating the Walpaloy nickel-based alloy steel ingot to 800-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-3 h; s3, diffusion annealing: controlling the temperature rise speed at 200 ℃/h of 100-; s4, cogging a steel billet: forging the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet to obtain a Waspaloy nickel-based alloy forging; the forging production process can reduce the problem of product cracking in the forging production of the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy steel ingot, and improve the yield of the product, thereby providing qualified blank for the subsequent finished product forging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nickel-based alloy production, in particular to a forging production process of a Waspaloy nickel-based alloy.
Background
Waspaloy is an age-hardened nickel-based special alloy, and has good gas corrosion resistance, higher yield strength and fatigue strength, good process plasticity and stable structure. The high-temperature-resistant high-temperature-resistant alloy is widely applied to rotating parts of aircraft engines and has a service temperature of no higher than 815 ℃. The WASPALOY nickel-based alloy can be used for producing cold-rolled and hot-rolled plates, pipes, strips, wires, forgings, castings and fasteners, and has extremely high Mo content, and can form element segregation when being solidified in the electroslag process, so that the plasticity is reduced; the content of Al and Ti in the WASPALOY nickel-based alloy is nearly 4 percent, the aging strengthening phase formed in the alloy reduces the plasticity of hot working, the deformation resistance is large, the phenomenon of forging cracking often occurs, and huge economic loss is caused; the WASPALOY nickel-based alloy has low thermal conductivity and large linear expansion coefficient, and the defects are caused by large temperature gradient and large thermal stress on the surface and the core of a steel ingot in the heating process of forging.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forging production process of a Waspaloy nickel-based alloy forging, which can not only reduce the problem of product cracking in the forging production of the WASPALOY nickel-based alloy steel ingot, but also improve the yield of products.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a forging production process of a Waspaloy nickel-based alloy forging, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, steel ingot placement: filling a Walpaloy nickel-based alloy steel ingot into a furnace, and padding the furnace on cast iron;
s2, steel ingot heating: slowly heating the Walpaloy nickel-based alloy steel ingot to 800-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-3 h;
s3, diffusion annealing: controlling the temperature rise speed at 200 ℃/h of 100-;
s4, cogging a steel billet: and forging the Waspaloy nickel base alloy billet to obtain the Waspaloy nickel base alloy forging.
Preferably, in step S1, the temperature of the cast ingot of the Waspaloy nickel base alloy is 300 ℃ or lower.
Preferably, in step S2, the steel ingot heating method includes the following steps: controlling the heating rate to be less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, heating the steel ingot of the Walsaloy nickel-based alloy to 550-650 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-3h, after the heat preservation is finished, controlling the heating rate to be less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, and heating the steel ingot of the Walsaloy nickel-based alloy to 800-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-3 h. The invention adopts the technical process to heat the steel ingot of the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy, reduces the temperature difference between the surface and the core of the steel ingot through slow temperature rise, and reduces the thermal stress, thereby avoiding the cracking risk of the material caused by the thermal stress.
Preferably, in step S3, the heat treatment includes the following steps: cooling the steel ingot of the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy to 1120-1180 ℃ within 1-2h, and preserving the temperature for 4-6 h.
Preferably, in step S3, before the heat treatment, the ingot is cooled to 1000-. The high-temperature strength of the material can be increased by performing blow-in and cooling treatment on the steel ingot, and surface cracking during forging and cogging can be prevented.
Preferably, in step S4, the forging process includes the steps of:
s411, primary forging: discharging the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet obtained in the step S3 out of a furnace and cogging, wherein the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 980 ℃;
s412, primary remelting and heating: the once forged Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet is returned to the furnace and heated to 1150-fold and 1200 ℃ and is insulated for 1-2 h;
s413, secondary forging: discharging the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet subjected to primary remelting and heating out of the furnace, and performing unidirectional flattening;
s414, secondary remelting and heating: returning and heating the twice forged Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet to 1150-fold heat preservation for 1-2h at 1200 ℃;
s415, forging for three times: and discharging the heated Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet subjected to secondary remelting from the furnace and forging to obtain the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy forging.
Preferably, in step S411, the deformation treatment process adopted in the primary forging and cogging includes: the weight is flattened in one direction after the four sides are lightly patted and rounded, and the weight is turned around at the temperature of 1000 ℃ and 1100 ℃, and the other end is repeatedly forged. The forging cogging treatment is carried out at the temperature, the plasticity of the steel ingot is optimal, the surface deformation is small, the surface crystal grains can be crushed,
preferably, in step S413, the secondary forging has a deformation amount of 20 to 30%. Through a plurality of tests, the plasticity is optimal when the deformation quantity range exceeds the thermal deformation critical zone of the material.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and S5, air-cooling the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy forging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: firstly, the invention adopts a mode of slowly heating the steel ingot, can reduce the temperature difference between the surface and the core of the steel ingot of the Walspaloy nickel-based alloy, and reduce the thermal stress, thereby avoiding the cracking risk of the material caused by the thermal stress; secondly, the invention can reduce the deformation resistance of the material, increase the plasticity of the material and prevent the surface of the steel ingot from cracking during forging and cogging through specific diffusion annealing and heat treatment processes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a temperature profile of steel ingot heating and diffusion annealing of examples 1 and 2;
FIG. 2 is a temperature profile of primary and secondary reheating according to examples 1 and 2;
FIG. 3 is a metal average grain size measurement report for a Waspaloy nickel base alloy block forging made in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Example 1
A Waspaloy nickel base alloy square forging (250 x 2000mm) is prepared by the following steps:
s1, steel ingot placement: the method comprises the following steps of (1) loading a Wataloy nickel-based alloy steel ingot with the diameter of 480mm into a furnace when the temperature is lower than 300 ℃, and padding the steel ingot on 250-1000 cast iron, so that the surface and the upper surface of the steel ingot are heated uniformly when being heated, and the generation of a male surface and a female surface is effectively prevented;
s2, steel ingot heating: as shown in figure 1, controlling the heating rate to be 100 ℃/h, heating the steel ingot of the Walsaloy nickel-based alloy to 600 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3h, after the heat preservation is finished, controlling the heating rate to be 100 ℃/h, and heating the steel ingot of the Walsaloy nickel-based alloy to 900 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2.5 h;
s3, diffusion annealing: as shown in fig. 1, controlling the temperature rise speed at 150 ℃/h, raising the temperature of the steel ingot of the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy obtained in the step S2 to 1200 ℃, preserving the temperature for 20h, then opening a furnace to reduce the temperature, lowering the temperature of the steel ingot to 1050 ℃, raising the temperature of the steel ingot of the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy to 1170 ℃ within 1h, preserving the temperature for 5h, wherein in the process, segregation elements are annealed and homogenized through high-temperature diffusion, and simultaneously carbides in grain boundaries can dissolve back into the grains, so that the deformation resistance of the material and the plasticity of the material are reduced;
s411, primary forging: discharging the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet obtained in the step S3 out of a furnace and cogging, wherein the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 980 ℃;
s412, primary remelting and heating: as shown in FIG. 2, the Waspaloy nickel base alloy billet subjected to primary forging is subjected to remelting and heating to 1170 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1.5 h;
s413, secondary forging: discharging the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet subjected to primary remelting and heating, and performing unidirectional flattening, wherein the forging specification is 200 × 420 × L;
s414, secondary remelting and heating: as shown in FIG. 2, the twice forged Waspaloy nickel base alloy billet is subjected to remelting and heating to 1170 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1.5 h;
s415, forging for three times: and (3) discharging the heated Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet subjected to secondary remelting from the furnace, forging into a product of 250 × 2000mm, and air-cooling after forging to obtain the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy square forging.
Example 2
A Waspaloy nickel base alloy round bar forging (the diameter is 280mm) is prepared by the following steps:
s1, steel ingot placement: the method comprises the following steps of (1) loading a Wataloy nickel-based alloy steel ingot with the diameter of 480mm into a furnace when the temperature is lower than 300 ℃, and padding the steel ingot on 250-1000 cast iron, so that the surface and the upper surface of the steel ingot are heated uniformly when being heated, and the generation of a male surface and a female surface is effectively prevented;
s2, steel ingot heating: as shown in figure 1, controlling the heating rate to be 100 ℃/h, heating the steel ingot of the Walsaloy nickel-based alloy to 600 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3h, after the heat preservation is finished, controlling the heating rate to be 100 ℃/h, and heating the steel ingot of the Walsaloy nickel-based alloy to 900 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2.5 h;
s3, diffusion annealing: as shown in fig. 1, controlling the temperature rise speed at 150 ℃/h, raising the temperature of the steel ingot of the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy obtained in the step S2 to 1200 ℃, preserving the temperature for 20h, then opening a furnace to reduce the temperature, lowering the temperature of the steel ingot to 1050 ℃, raising the temperature of the steel ingot of the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy to 1170 ℃ within 1h, preserving the temperature for 5h, wherein in the process, segregation elements are annealed and homogenized through high-temperature diffusion, and simultaneously carbides in grain boundaries can dissolve back into the grains, so that the deformation resistance of the material and the plasticity of the material are reduced;
s411, primary forging: discharging the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet obtained in the step S3 out of a furnace and cogging, wherein the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 980 ℃;
s412, primary remelting and heating: as shown in FIG. 2, the Waspaloy nickel base alloy billet subjected to primary forging is subjected to remelting and heating to 1170 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1.5 h;
s413, secondary forging: discharging the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet subjected to primary remelting and heating, and performing unidirectional flattening, wherein the forging specification is 280 × L;
s414, secondary remelting and heating: as shown in FIG. 2, the twice forged Waspaloy nickel base alloy billet is subjected to remelting and heating to 1170 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1.5 h;
s415, forging for three times: and discharging the heated Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet subjected to secondary remelting out of the furnace, forging into a 280mm round bar, and air-cooling after the forging is finished to obtain the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy round bar forged piece.
The invention respectively carries out ultrasonic flaw detection analysis and metallographic analysis on the Waspaloy nickel base alloy square forged piece prepared in the embodiment 1 and the Waspaloy nickel base alloy round bar forged piece prepared in the embodiment 2, and the analysis results show that the Waspaloy nickel base alloy forged piece prepared by the preparation method of the invention is qualified after ultrasonic flaw detection, and the metallographic analysis result shows that: the wafaloy nickel base alloy forgings prepared in the examples 1 and 2 have the advantages that dendrites disappear, and no carbide and elemental segregation are basically eliminated.
The average metal grain size of the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy square forging piece prepared in the embodiment 1 is measured, the measuring method refers to GB/T6394-2002, and a measured map comparison report is shown in FIG. 3. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the Waspaloy nickel base alloy forging piece prepared by the forging production method has uniform grain size, and the grain size can reach 2-4 grades through measurement. Therefore, the forging production method can reduce the product cracking problem in the forging production of the Walspaloy nickel-based alloy steel ingot and improve the yield of the product, thereby providing qualified blanks for the subsequent finished product forging.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The forging production process of the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy forging is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, steel ingot placement: filling a Walpaloy nickel-based alloy steel ingot into a furnace, and padding the furnace on cast iron;
s2, steel ingot heating: slowly heating the Walpaloy nickel-based alloy steel ingot to 800-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-3 h;
s3, diffusion annealing: controlling the temperature rise speed at 200 ℃/h of 100-;
s4, cogging a steel billet: and forging the Waspaloy nickel base alloy billet to obtain the Waspaloy nickel base alloy forging.
2. The forging process of the Waspaloy nickel base alloy according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the steel ingot of the Waspaloy nickel base alloy in the furnace in step S1 is 300 ℃ or less.
3. The forging production process of the Waspaloy nickel-base alloy forging according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the steel ingot heating comprises the following steps: controlling the heating rate to be less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, heating the steel ingot of the Walsaloy nickel-based alloy to 550-650 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-3h, after the heat preservation is finished, controlling the heating rate to be less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, and heating the steel ingot of the Walsaloy nickel-based alloy to 800-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-3 h.
4. The forging production process of the Waspaloy nickel-base alloy forging according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the heat treatment comprises the following steps: cooling the Walpaloy nickel-based alloy steel ingot to 1120-1180 ℃ within 1-2h, and preserving the temperature for 4-6 h.
5. The forging production process of the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy forging as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step S3, the temperature of the steel ingot is reduced to 1000-1080 ℃ by opening the furnace before the heat treatment.
6. The forging production process of the Waspaloy nickel-base alloy forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the forging process comprises the following steps:
s411, primary forging: discharging the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet obtained in the step S3 out of a furnace and cogging, wherein the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 980 ℃;
s412, primary remelting and heating: the once forged Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet is returned to the furnace and heated to 1150-fold and 1200 ℃ and is insulated for 1-2 h;
s413, secondary forging: discharging the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet subjected to primary remelting and heating out of the furnace, and performing unidirectional flattening;
s414, secondary remelting and heating: returning and heating the twice forged Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet to 1150-fold heat preservation for 1-2h at 1200 ℃;
s415, forging for three times: and discharging the heated Waspaloy nickel-based alloy billet subjected to secondary remelting from the furnace and forging to obtain the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy forging.
7. The forging production process of the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy according to claim 6, wherein in the step S411, the deformation treatment process adopted in the primary forging cogging is as follows: the weight is flattened in one direction after the four sides are lightly patted and rounded, and the weight is turned around at the temperature of 1000 ℃ and 1100 ℃, and the other end is repeatedly forged.
8. The forging production process of the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy according to claim 6, wherein in step S413, the secondary forging is performed with a deformation amount of 20 to 30%.
9. The forging process of Waspaloy nickel base alloy as recited in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: and S5, air-cooling the Waspaloy nickel-based alloy forging.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5374323A (en) * | 1991-08-26 | 1994-12-20 | Aluminum Company Of America | Nickel base alloy forged parts |
| CN102357633A (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2012-02-22 | 上海宏钢电站设备铸锻有限公司 | Method for manufacturing nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece |
| CN109500330A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-03-22 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | A kind of cogging method of the big size ingot-casting of nickel-base alloy |
| CN109590421A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-04-09 | 河钢股份有限公司 | A kind of forging technology of Hastelloy C alloys -276 |
| CN109963961A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2019-07-02 | 三菱日立电力系统株式会社 | The manufacturing method of nickel-base alloy high-temperature component |
| CN114032481A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-02-11 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Method for homogenizing high-alloying high-temperature alloy material |
-
2022
- 2022-03-28 CN CN202210314433.9A patent/CN114700451B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5374323A (en) * | 1991-08-26 | 1994-12-20 | Aluminum Company Of America | Nickel base alloy forged parts |
| CN102357633A (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2012-02-22 | 上海宏钢电站设备铸锻有限公司 | Method for manufacturing nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece |
| CN109963961A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2019-07-02 | 三菱日立电力系统株式会社 | The manufacturing method of nickel-base alloy high-temperature component |
| US20200056275A1 (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2020-02-20 | Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. | Method for Manufacturing Nickel-Based Alloy High-Temperature Component |
| CN109500330A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-03-22 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | A kind of cogging method of the big size ingot-casting of nickel-base alloy |
| CN109590421A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-04-09 | 河钢股份有限公司 | A kind of forging technology of Hastelloy C alloys -276 |
| CN114032481A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-02-11 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Method for homogenizing high-alloying high-temperature alloy material |
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