CN114799002A - Forging method of super-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank - Google Patents
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 237
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention provides a forging method of a super-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank, which specifically comprises the following steps: cogging and forging: carrying out high-temperature cogging forging on the cast ingot for three times, wherein each forging mode is upsetting and drawing square; forging the intermediate blank: carrying out medium-temperature multi-fire eight-direction upsetting forging on the square-section intermediate blank after cogging forging; chamfering and rounding: performing primary hot chamfering and rounding on the billet with the octagonal cross section after the intermediate billet is forged; air cooling and polishing: forging the round-section material after being subjected to the round throwing, then air-cooling, and polishing and cleaning the surface; forging a finished product: forging a finished product: and (3) heating the polished round-section blank at low temperature, carrying out large-deformation upsetting for two times, and then carrying out air cooling to finally obtain a cake blank which meets the specification and has good tissue uniformity. The forging method of the high-temperature alloy extra-large-specification cake blank provided by the invention solves the technical problems that the head and tail end surfaces are cracked in the cogging process of the extra-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank, the forging assembly yield is low and the structure uniformity is difficult to control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metal processing, in particular to a forging method of a super-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank.
Background
The high-temperature alloy is a metal material which takes iron, cobalt and nickel as a matrix and utilizes elements such as Cr, Mo, Al, Ti and the like to carry out solid solution and aging strengthening, and can keep higher strong plasticity, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance at the temperature of over 600 ℃. It can be widely used in aviation, aerospace, petroleum, chemical industry and ship manufacture.
The forging process for preparing the conventional high-temperature alloy bar blank consists of multiple-fire upsetting-drawing cogging and final large-deformation drawing. Since the sizes and weights of parts such as pressure vessels, pressure casings, rings, shafts, and the like, which are manufactured using high-temperature alloys, are large, the sizes and the weights of high-temperature alloy billets required for the parts are also large. Meanwhile, with the increase of the weight of the ingot blank, the ingot blank cannot be drawn out through conventional large deformation to serve as a final forming process, the yield control in the forging process, the forging penetration of the ingot and the uniformity control of the final cake blank structure face huge challenges, and the forging technology of the super-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank is still blank at present. Therefore, for the forging process route of the super-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank, a new process scheme needs to be designed to realize high forging yield and structural uniformity.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a forging method of a super-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank, so as to solve the problems in the background technology. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a forging method of a super-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, cogging and forging: carrying out high-temperature cogging forging on the cast ingot by three times of fire by using a quick forging machine, wherein each fire adopts upsetting and drawing square forging modes, and an intermediate billet with a square section is obtained after each fire is finished;
step S2, forging the intermediate blank: carrying out medium-temperature intermediate blank forging on the intermediate blank with the square cross section by using a quick forging machine for three to five times, wherein the forging mode of each heat is upsetting and eight-square drawing, and the intermediate blank with the eight-square cross section is obtained after each heat is finished;
step S3, chamfering and rounding: performing medium-temperature chamfering and round forging on the octagonal-section intermediate blank for one time by using a quick forging machine to obtain a cylindrical-section intermediate blank;
step S4, air cooling and polishing: forging the round-section material after being subjected to the round throwing, then air-cooling, and polishing and cleaning the surface;
step S5, forging a finished product: and (3) carrying out low-temperature upsetting forming on the intermediate billet with the cylindrical section by two times of fire by using a quick forging machine, and finally obtaining the super-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake billet meeting the requirements.
Preferably, in the step S1, the heating temperature per heat is 1130 to 1170 ℃, the holding time after reaching the temperature is 2 to 4 hours, the forging mode per heat is upsetting and square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 15 to 25 percent, the drawing deformation is 10 to 20 percent, the blank needs to be slightly chamfered after square drawing per heat, and the forged hot material is returned to the furnace for forging the next heat.
Preferably, in the step S2, the heating temperature per heat is 1050-1100 ℃, the holding time after reaching the temperature is 3-5 hours, the forging mode per heat is upsetting and drawing eight directions, the upsetting deformation is 20-30%, the drawing deformation is 20-30%, and the hot material after forging is returned to the furnace for the next heat forging.
Preferably, in the step S3, the heating temperature of the hot forging is 1050-1100 ℃, the holding time after the heating is completed is 1-3 hours, the deformation amount of the chamfered edge and the round throwing is 1-10%, and the pressing rate of the rapid forging machine is required to be set to a high speed gear when the chamfered edge and the round throwing are performed.
Preferably, in the step S4, the material after being rounded is air-cooled, and then the surface is polished to remove scratches.
Preferably, in the step S5, the heating temperature per heating time is 1000 to 1050 ℃, the holding time after reaching the temperature is 2 to 4 hours, the upsetting deformation is 20 to 30%, and meanwhile, rounding is performed after each heating time upsetting to ensure that the diameter after forging meets the requirement, and the material after the heating time forging is completed is air-cooled.
Preferably, the weight of the cast ingot in the step S1 is 6-8 t, and the specification is phi 640 mm.
Preferably, the specification of the superalloy cake blank obtained in the step S5 is phi 1000-phi 1500 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the cogging heat forging process of the large-piece-weight and large-size high-temperature alloy ingot, as the as-cast structure is not completely broken, the forging plasticity is poor, meanwhile, the end surface shape of the large-size bar after the square-step drawing is not regular square, the end surface is easy to generate shear deformation in the subsequent square-step drawing eight-step deformation process of the conventional process, and the centers of the head and tail end surfaces are seriously cracked due to the cogging heat with poor ingot forging plasticity, so that the forging assembly yield is reduced. The high-temperature cogging fire square drawing deformation can effectively solve the problem of end face cracking, reduce the head and tail cutting amount of the final finished cake blank and improve the forging assembly yield;
through chamfering and rounding forging for one heating time and then air cooling and polishing surface cracks, compared with the conventional continuous remelting forging of high-temperature alloy, the method can provide blanks with good surface quality for the upsetting forging of finished products for two subsequent heating times. By the forging method, the peeling amount of the surface of the final finished cake blank can be effectively reduced, and the forging assembly yield is improved;
through the last two times of low-temperature large-deformation upsetting forming, the problem that the cake blank with the ultra-large specification cannot be forged by a finished product drawn out through conventional large deformation is solved. The low-temperature forging is matched with large deformation, so that different parts of the blank can obtain enough dynamic recrystallization energy, and meanwhile, the lower forging temperature can avoid the serious temperature rise of the core. By the forging method, the super-large high-temperature alloy cake blank can obtain uniform and consistent complete recrystallization texture;
the invention provides a forging method of a high-temperature alloy cake blank with an ultra-large specification, which solves the technical problems that the head and tail end surfaces are cracked in the cogging process of the high-temperature alloy cake blank with the ultra-large specification, the yield of a forging assembly is low, and the uniformity of a structure is difficult to control. Has higher industrial production application value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for forging a super large specification superalloy biscuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a phi 1000mm oversized superalloy biscuit in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure diagram of a phi 1000mm oversized superalloy biscuit in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a phi 1200mm oversized superalloy slab of example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure of a 1200mm phi oversized superalloy slab of example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the work flow and the using method of the present invention easily understand and understand the purpose and the efficacy, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without any inventive step, and other conclusions derived from non-inventive extensions, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a forging method of an oversized high-temperature alloy cake blank specifically includes the following steps:
step S1, cogging and forging: the weight of the high-temperature alloy ingot used for forging is 6-8 t, and the specification is phi 640 mm. Carrying out high-temperature cogging forging on the cast ingot by adopting a rapid forging machine for three times of heating, wherein the heating temperature per fire is 1130-1170 ℃, the holding time after the temperature reaches 2-4 hours, each time of forging is upsetting and drawing square, the upsetting deformation is 15-25%, the drawing deformation is 10-20%, the blank is slightly chamfered after drawing square by each time of heating, an intermediate blank with a square section is obtained after each time of heating, and the hot material after forging is returned to the furnace for next time of forging;
step S2, forging the intermediate blank: carrying out medium-temperature intermediate blank forging on the intermediate blank with the square cross section by using a rapid forging machine for three to five times, wherein the heating temperature per fire is 1050-1100 ℃, the holding time after the temperature reaches 3-5 hours, the forging mode per fire is upsetting and eight-square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 20-30%, the drawing deformation is 20-30%, the intermediate blank with the eight-square cross section is obtained after each fire, and the hot material is returned to the furnace for next-time forging after forging;
step S3, chamfering and rounding: carrying out medium-temperature chamfering and circle-throwing forging on the octagonal-section intermediate billet by adopting a rapid forging machine for one time, wherein the heating temperature of the fire time is 1050-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time after the temperature is 1-3 hours, the deformation of chamfering and circle-throwing is 1-10%, the pressing rate of the rapid forging machine is required to be set as a high-speed gear when chamfering and circle-throwing are carried out, and the cylindrical-section intermediate billet is obtained after forging;
step S4, air cooling and polishing: forging the round-section material after being subjected to the round throwing, then air-cooling, and polishing and cleaning the surface;
step S5, forging a finished product: and (2) carrying out low-temperature upsetting forming on the intermediate billet with the cylindrical section by adopting a quick forging machine for two times, wherein the heating temperature of each time is 1000-1050 ℃, the holding time after the temperature is reached is 2-4 hours, the upsetting deformation is 20-30%, and meanwhile, rounding is carried out after each time of upsetting is required to ensure that the diameter after forging meets the requirement. And (3) air cooling the material after the hot forging is finished, and finally obtaining the super-large high-temperature alloy cake blank with the specification of phi 1000-phi 1500 mm.
Example 2
A forging method of an oversized high-temperature alloy cake blank comprises the following steps:
step S1, cogging and forging: the weight of the high-temperature alloy ingot used for forging is 6.2t, and the specification is phi 640 mm. The ingot is subjected to first-fire high-temperature cogging forging by a fast forging machine, the first-fire heating temperature is 1140 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 4 hours after the temperature is reached, discharging forging is carried out, the forging mode is upsetting and square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 18%, the square drawing deformation is 12%, slight chamfering processing is carried out on the blank after the square drawing, and the risk that the blank has angular cracking due to the fact that the temperature of a sharp edge is reduced quickly because the specification of the blank is large is prevented. Obtaining an intermediate blank with a square cross section after the first hot forging, and returning the forged hot material to the furnace for the next hot forging; and the second and third heating temperatures are 1140 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours after the temperature is reached, the blank is taken out of the furnace and forged, the forging mode is upsetting and square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 22%, the square drawing deformation is 20%, and the blank is slightly chamfered after the square drawing. The high-temperature cogging hot forging is to crush the original as-cast coarse structure in the cast ingot, improve the forging plasticity of the blank, and provide the blank with the non-cracked end surface and good forging plasticity for the next intermediate forging hot forging. Obtaining an intermediate billet with a square cross section after three-fire high-temperature cogging forging, and performing intermediate billet forging on the forged hot material by returning to the furnace;
step S2, forging the intermediate blank: the intermediate billet with the square cross section is forged by a fast forging machine at the medium temperature for three times, the heating temperature per fire is 1060 ℃, the heat preservation time after the temperature is 3 hours, the forging mode per fire is upsetting and eight-direction drawing, the upsetting deformation is 22%, and the drawing deformation is 28%. The medium-temperature intermediate hot forging is to ensure that different parts of the blank obtain enough recrystallization energy through larger upsetting deformation, thereby obtaining a more uniform intermediate blank structure. After the third-fire-time intermediate blank forging is finished, obtaining an intermediate blank with an octagonal cross section, and after forging, returning the hot material to a furnace to perform chamfering and circular-throwing fire-time forging;
step S3, chamfering and rounding: and (3) performing medium-temperature chamfering and circle-throwing forging on the intermediate billet with the octagonal cross section by adopting a rapid forging machine for one time, wherein the heating temperature of the fire time is 1060 ℃, the heat preservation time after the temperature is 1.5 hours, the deformation of chamfering and circle-throwing is 5%, and the pressing-down speed of the rapid forging machine is set to be a high speed gear when chamfering and circle-throwing are performed. And obtaining an intermediate blank with a cylindrical section after forging. The chamfering and rounding heating times are used for regulating the shape of a blank, providing the blank with a regular shape for the forging of a final finished product, and simultaneously avoiding the condition that deformation modes of different parts are inconsistent when the forging upsetting of the finished product is carried out due to the shape of an octagonal section;
step S4, air cooling and polishing: the round-section materials after being subjected to the rounding are subjected to air cooling after forging, surface polishing and flaw clearing are carried out, and the polishing procedure after the air cooling is to clean up surface cracks possibly generated during forging of the intermediate blank and provide blanks with good surface quality for forging of finished products, so that the peeling quantity of the surfaces of the cake blanks of the final finished products is reduced, and the yield of forging assemblies is improved;
step S5, forging a finished product: and (2) carrying out low-temperature upsetting forming on the intermediate billet with the cylindrical section by adopting a quick forging machine for two times, wherein the heating temperature of each time is 1020 ℃, the heat preservation time after the temperature is reached is 2 hours, the upsetting deformation is 23%, and meanwhile, carrying out rounding after each time of upsetting so as to ensure that the diameter after forging meets the requirement. And (3) air cooling the material after the hot forging is finished, and finally obtaining the ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank with the specification of phi 1000 mm.
FIG. 2 shows a real object diagram of a finally prepared extra-large high temperature alloy cake blank with a diameter of 1000mm, which has a smooth surface, a regular shape and full edges and corners.
FIG. 3 shows the microstructure of the final extra large-gauge superalloy compact with a diameter of 1000mm, which consists of fully recrystallized equiaxed grains with a grain size of ASTM grade 3.5. The textures of different parts of the biscuit are uniform and consistent, and simultaneously, the macrostructure of the biscuit is uniform and fuzzy, and thick or mixed crystal textures of incomplete recrystallization are avoided. The cake blank is fully recrystallized during the last two times of large-deformation upsetting, and the grain structure is not excessively coarsened due to the forging temperature rise.
Example 3
A forging method of an oversized high-temperature alloy cake blank comprises the following steps:
step S1, cogging and forging: the weight of the high-temperature alloy ingot used for forging is 7t, and the specification is phi 640 mm. The ingot is subjected to first-fire high-temperature cogging forging by a fast forging machine, the first-fire heating temperature is 1160 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 4 hours after the temperature is reached, discharging forging is carried out, the forging mode is upsetting and square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 22%, the square drawing deformation is 15%, slight chamfering processing is carried out on the blank after the square drawing, and the risk that the blank has angular cracking due to the fact that the temperature of a sharp edge is reduced quickly because the specification of the blank is large is prevented. Obtaining an intermediate blank with a square cross section after the first hot forging, and returning the forged hot material to the furnace for the next hot forging; and the second and third heating temperatures are 1160 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours after the temperature is reached, the blank is taken out of the furnace and forged, the forging mode is upsetting and square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 20%, the square drawing deformation is 18%, and the blank is slightly chamfered after the square drawing. The high-temperature cogging hot forging is to crush the original as-cast coarse structure in the cast ingot, improve the forging plasticity of the blank, and provide the blank with the non-cracked end surface and good forging plasticity for the next intermediate forging hot forging. Performing high-temperature cogging forging for three times to obtain an intermediate blank with a square cross section, and returning hot materials after forging to perform intermediate blank forging;
step S2, forging the intermediate blank: the intermediate billet with the square section is forged by a fast forging machine at four fire times and a medium temperature, the heating temperature of each fire is 1070 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3.5 hours after the temperature is reached, the forging mode of each fire is upsetting and drawing, the upsetting deformation is 25 percent, and the drawing deformation is 25 percent. The medium-temperature intermediate hot forging is to obtain enough recrystallization energy at different parts of the blank through larger upsetting deformation, so as to obtain a more uniform intermediate blank structure. After the third-fire-time intermediate blank forging is finished, obtaining an intermediate blank with an octagonal cross section, and after forging, returning the hot material to a furnace to perform chamfering and circular-throwing fire-time forging;
step S3, chamfering and rounding: and (3) performing medium-temperature chamfering and circle-throwing forging on the intermediate billet with the octagonal cross section by adopting a rapid forging machine for one time, wherein the heating temperature of the fire time is 1070 ℃, the heat preservation time after the temperature is reached is 2 hours, the deformation of chamfering and circle-throwing is 7 percent, and the pressing speed of the rapid forging machine is set to be a high speed gear when chamfering and circle-throwing are performed. And obtaining an intermediate blank with a cylindrical section after forging. The chamfering and rounding heating times are used for regulating the shape of a blank, providing the blank with a regular shape for the forging of a final finished product, and simultaneously avoiding the condition that deformation modes of different parts are inconsistent when the forging upsetting of the finished product is carried out due to the shape of an octagonal section;
step S4, air cooling and polishing: the round-section materials after being subjected to the rounding are subjected to air cooling after forging, surface polishing and flaw clearing are carried out, and the polishing procedure after the air cooling is to clean up surface cracks possibly generated during forging of the intermediate blank and provide blanks with good surface quality for forging of finished products, so that the peeling quantity of the surfaces of the cake blanks of the final finished products is reduced, and the yield of forging assemblies is improved;
step S5, forging a finished product: and (2) carrying out low-temperature upsetting forming on the intermediate billet with the cylindrical section by adopting a quick forging machine for two times, wherein the heating temperature is 1030 ℃ each time, the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours, the upsetting deformation is 25 percent, and simultaneously, carrying out rounding after upsetting is carried out each time to ensure that the diameter after forging meets the requirement. And (3) air cooling the material after the hot forging is finished, and finally obtaining the super-large high-temperature alloy cake blank with the specification of phi 1200 mm.
FIG. 4 shows a real object diagram of a finally prepared ultra-large high temperature alloy cake blank with a diameter of 1200mm, which has a smooth surface, a regular shape and full edges and corners.
FIG. 5 shows the microstructure of the final ultra-large-gauge superalloy slab with a diameter of 1200mm, which consists of fully recrystallized equiaxed grains with a grain size of ASTM grade 3. The textures of different parts of the biscuit are uniform and consistent, and simultaneously, the macrostructure of the biscuit is uniform and fuzzy, and thick or mixed crystal textures of incomplete recrystallization are avoided. The cake blank is fully recrystallized during the last two times of large-deformation upsetting, and the grain structure is not excessively coarsened due to the forging temperature rise.
Example 4
A forging method of an oversized high-temperature alloy cake blank comprises the following steps:
step S1, cogging and forging: the weight of the high-temperature alloy ingot used for forging is 7.8t, and the specification is phi 640 mm. The ingot is subjected to first-fire high-temperature cogging forging by a fast forging machine, the first-fire heating temperature is 1170 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 4 hours after the ingot is heated to the temperature, the ingot is taken out of the furnace and forged, the forging mode is upsetting and square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 22%, the square drawing deformation is 18%, the blank is slightly chamfered after the square drawing, and the risk that the blank has angular cracking due to the fact that the blank specification is large and the temperature of a sharp edge is rapidly reduced is prevented. Obtaining an intermediate blank with a square cross section after the first hot forging, and returning the forged hot material to the furnace for the next hot forging; and the second heating temperature and the third heating temperature are 1170 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 3.5 hours after the temperature is reached, the blank is taken out of the furnace and forged, the forging mode is upsetting and square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 25%, the square drawing deformation is 18%, and the blank is slightly chamfered after the square drawing. The high-temperature cogging hot forging is to crush the original as-cast coarse structure in the cast ingot, improve the forging plasticity of the blank, and provide the blank with the non-cracked end surface and good forging plasticity for the next intermediate forging hot forging. Performing high-temperature cogging forging for three times to obtain an intermediate blank with a square cross section, and returning hot materials after forging to perform intermediate blank forging;
step S2, forging the intermediate blank: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out five-fire medium-temperature intermediate blank forging on a square-section intermediate blank by adopting a rapid forging machine, wherein the heating temperature of each fire is 1080 ℃, the heat preservation time after the temperature reaches 4 hours, the forging mode of each fire is upsetting and drawing, the upsetting deformation is 30%, and the drawing deformation is 27%. The medium-temperature intermediate hot forging is to obtain enough recrystallization energy at different parts of the blank through larger upsetting deformation, so as to obtain a more uniform intermediate blank structure. After the third-fire-time intermediate blank forging is finished, obtaining an intermediate blank with an octagonal cross section, and after forging, returning the hot material to a furnace to perform chamfering and circular-throwing fire-time forging;
step S3, chamfering and rounding: adopt the rapid forging machine to carry out one time of fire middle temperature chamfering and falling round forging to the middle base of octagon cross-section, this time of fire heating temperature is 1080 ℃, and the holding time is 2.5 hours after reaching the temperature, and the deflection of chamfering and falling round is 10%, and the rapid forging machine speed of pushing down sets up to the high-speed grade when with chamfering and falling round. And obtaining an intermediate blank with a cylindrical section after forging. The chamfering and rounding heating times are used for regulating the shape of a blank, providing the blank with a regular shape for the forging of a final finished product, and simultaneously avoiding the condition that deformation modes of different parts are inconsistent when the forging upsetting of the finished product is carried out due to the shape of an octagonal section;
step S4, air cooling and polishing: air cooling is carried out on the round-section material after the round-falling, surface polishing and flaw clearing are carried out, the air cooling and polishing process is used for cleaning surface cracks possibly generated during forging of the intermediate blank and providing a blank with good surface quality for forging of a finished product, so that the peeling amount of the surface of a cake blank of a final finished product is reduced, and the forging assembly yield is improved;
step S5, forging a finished product: and (2) carrying out low-temperature upsetting forming on the intermediate billet with the cylindrical section by adopting a quick forging machine for two times, wherein the heating temperature is 1040 ℃ every time, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, the upsetting deformation is 28%, and meanwhile, carrying out rounding after upsetting every time so as to ensure that the diameter after forging meets the requirement. And (3) air cooling the material after the hot forging is finished, and finally obtaining the ultra-large high-temperature alloy cake blank with the specification of phi 1400 mm.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The forging method of the oversized high-temperature alloy cake blank is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, cogging and forging: carrying out high-temperature cogging forging on the cast ingot by three times of fire by using a quick forging machine, wherein each fire adopts upsetting and drawing square forging modes, and an intermediate billet with a square section is obtained after each fire is finished;
step S2, forging the intermediate blank: carrying out medium-temperature intermediate blank forging on the intermediate blank with the square cross section by using a quick forging machine for three to five times, wherein the forging mode of each heat is upsetting and eight-square drawing, and the intermediate blank with the eight-square cross section is obtained after each heat is finished;
step S3, chamfering and rounding: performing medium-temperature chamfering and round forging on the octagonal-section intermediate blank for one time by using a quick forging machine to obtain a cylindrical-section intermediate blank;
step S4, air cooling and polishing: forging the round-section material after being subjected to the round throwing, then air-cooling, and polishing and cleaning the surface;
step S5, forging a finished product: and (3) carrying out low-temperature upsetting forming on the intermediate billet with the cylindrical section by two times of fire by using a quick forging machine, and finally obtaining the super-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake billet meeting the requirements.
2. The forging method of the ultra-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank according to claim 1, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the heating temperature per fire is 1130-1170 ℃, the heat preservation time after reaching the temperature is 2-4 hours, the forging mode per fire is upsetting and square drawing, the upsetting deformation is 15-25%, the drawing deformation is 10-20%, the blank needs to be slightly chamfered after square drawing per fire, and the forged hot material is returned to the furnace for next forging.
3. The forging method of the ultra-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank according to claim 1, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the heating temperature per fire is 1050-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-5 hours after the temperature is reached, the forging mode per fire is upsetting and drawing eight directions, the upsetting deformation is 20-30%, the drawing deformation is 20-30%, and the hot material after forging is returned to the furnace for next forging.
4. The forging method of the ultra-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank according to claim 1, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the heating temperature of the heating time is 1050-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-3 hours after the heating temperature is reached, the deformation amount of chamfering and rounding is 1-10%, and the pressing speed of the rapid forging machine is required to be set to be a high speed gear when chamfering and rounding are carried out.
5. The forging method of the ultra-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank according to claim 1, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps: and in the step S4, the material after being rounded is cooled in air, and then the surface is polished to remove scratches.
6. The forging method of the ultra-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank according to claim 1, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps: in the step S5, the heating temperature of each heating time is 1000-1050 ℃, the heat preservation time after reaching the temperature is 2-4 hours, the upsetting deformation is 20-30%, meanwhile, the rolling is carried out after each heating time upsetting to ensure that the diameter after forging meets the requirement, and the material after the heating time forging is finished is air-cooled.
7. The forging method of the ultra-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank according to claim 1, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps: and in the step S1, the weight of the cast ingot is 6-8 t, and the specification is phi 640 mm.
8. The forging method of the ultra-large-specification high-temperature alloy cake blank according to claim 1, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps: the specification of the high-temperature alloy cake blank obtained in the step S5 is phi 1000-phi 1500 mm.
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