CN113231589A - Forging method for improving texture uniformity of nickel-based high-temperature alloy difficult to deform - Google Patents
Forging method for improving texture uniformity of nickel-based high-temperature alloy difficult to deform Download PDFInfo
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- CN113231589A CN113231589A CN202110660412.8A CN202110660412A CN113231589A CN 113231589 A CN113231589 A CN 113231589A CN 202110660412 A CN202110660412 A CN 202110660412A CN 113231589 A CN113231589 A CN 113231589A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a forging method for improving the structure uniformity of a nickel-based superalloy difficult to deform, which comprises the following steps: s1, cogging and forging the cast ingot by adopting a quick forging machine, wherein the heating temperature per fire is 1150-1170 ℃, and the forging and the pulling are performed per fire to obtain an intermediate billet with an octagonal section; s2, forging the intermediate blank by a rapid forging machine, wherein the heating temperature per fire is 1040-1060 ℃, and the deformation is eight-direction drawing; s3, forging the finished product of the eight-square intermediate billet obtained in the step S2 by a rapid forging machine with 1 fire in total, wherein the heating temperature is 1040-1060 ℃, and the deformation mode is chamfering and rounding; s4, after the forging is finished, the bar is placed in a material factory for air cooling, and the specification of the finished bar is phi 150 mm-300 mm. The method does not need to increase forging times, is easy to operate, simple to implement and obvious in effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy hot processing, and relates to a forging method for improving the structural uniformity of a nickel-based high-temperature alloy difficult to deform.
Background
The nickel-based high-temperature alloy difficult to deform is gamma' -phase precipitation strengthening type nickel-based deformation high-temperature alloy, the service temperature of the alloy is 760-870 ℃, the alloy is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, petroleum, chemical engineering, power generation and the like, and is suitable for manufacturing parts such as turbine disks, working blades, high-temperature fasteners, rocket tubes, shafts, turbine cases and the like, wherein a forged bar is one of main products. The high temperature alloys do not have isomeric transformation during heating and cooling, and therefore, grain size and uniformity are mainly controlled by hot working processes. The uniformity of the crystal grains of the high-temperature alloy, particularly the nickel-base high-temperature alloy which is difficult to deform greatly influences the performance, and the endurance life is obviously reduced along with the increase of the non-uniformity of the crystal grains. The range of the deformation temperature of the nickel-based superalloy difficult to deform is narrow, the structure is extremely sensitive to the deformation amount and the deformation temperature, and mixed crystals are easy to appear. Therefore, the structural uniformity of the nickel-based superalloy bar material difficult to deform in the forging process needs to be controlled, and the probability of mixed crystals is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a forging method for improving the structural uniformity of a nickel-based superalloy difficult to deform.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a forging method for improving the structural uniformity of a nickel-based superalloy difficult to deform is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, cogging and forging the cast ingot by adopting a quick forging machine, wherein the heating temperature per fire is 1150-1170 ℃, and the forging and the pulling are performed per fire to obtain an intermediate billet with an octagonal section;
s2, forging the intermediate blank by a rapid forging machine, wherein the heating temperature per fire is 1040-1060 ℃, and the deformation is eight-direction drawing;
s3, forging the finished product of the eight-square intermediate billet obtained in the step S2 by a rapid forging machine with 1 fire in total, wherein the heating temperature is 1040-1060 ℃, and the deformation mode is chamfering and rounding;
s4, after the forging is finished, the bar is placed in a material factory for air cooling, and the specification of the finished bar is phi 150 mm-300 mm.
Further, the process of cogging and forging the ingot in the step S1 is to upset and draw the ingot with the circular cross section by 2-3 sparks.
Further, the 2 nd fire of the intermediate blank forging in said step S2 is started, and the initial pressing surface is at an angle of 45 ° to the immediately preceding initial pressing surface.
Further, in the step S2, the forging of the intermediate billet is performed by drawing out the intermediate billet with 3 to 5 sparks, and the cross section after the forging is eight-sided.
Further, the deformation amount of the finished product forged by chamfering and rounding in the step S3 is 1% to 10%.
Further, each fire in the step S2 is wrapped with asbestos.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes the 45-degree included angle between the initial pressing surface and the last fire initial pressing surface to eliminate the insufficient recrystallization area, and has the advantage of reducing the occurrence probability of mixed crystals. And compared with the conventional forging, the forging method has the advantages of no increase of forging fire number, easy operation, simple implementation and obvious effect.
Other features of the present invention and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of free forging in eight directions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a strain field simulation of an eight-direction forging process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a simulation of the temperature field for completing the eight-direction forging according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus consistent with certain aspects of the invention, as detailed in the appended claims.
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
A forging method for improving the structural uniformity of a nickel-based superalloy difficult to deform comprises the following steps:
s1, cogging and forging the cast ingot by adopting a quick forging machine, wherein the heating temperature per fire is 1150-1170 ℃, and the forging and the pulling are performed per fire to obtain an intermediate billet with an octagonal section;
s2, forging the intermediate blank by a rapid forging machine, wherein the heating temperature per fire is 1040-1060 ℃, and the deformation is eight-direction drawing;
s3, forging the finished product of the eight-square intermediate billet obtained in the step S2 by a rapid forging machine with 1 fire in total, wherein the heating temperature is 1040-1060 ℃, and the deformation mode is chamfering and rounding;
s4, after the forging is finished, the bar is placed in a material factory for air cooling, and the specification of the finished bar is phi 150 mm-300 mm.
Further, the process of cogging and forging the ingot in the step S1 is to upset and draw the ingot with the circular cross section by 2-3 sparks.
Further, the 2 nd fire of the intermediate blank forging in said step S2 is started, and the initial pressing surface is at an angle of 45 ° to the immediately preceding initial pressing surface.
Further, in the step S2, the forging of the intermediate billet is performed by drawing out the intermediate billet with 3 to 5 sparks, and the cross section after the forging is eight-sided.
Further, the deformation amount of the finished product forged by chamfering and rounding in the step S3 is 1% to 10%.
Further, each fire in the step S2 is wrapped with asbestos.
The following is described with reference to specific process procedures:
example 1:
as shown in FIGS. 1-3, the invention provides a forging method for improving the structural uniformity of a nickel-based superalloy difficult to deform, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, adopting an 80MN rapid forging machine to perform cogging forging on ingots with the phi of 490mm, heating the ingots at 1150 ℃ per fire for 3 fires, and wrapping asbestos per fire in a deformation mode of one upsetting and one pulling to obtain an intermediate billet with an octagonal section after cogging is completed;
step 2: the intermediate billet with the octagonal cross section is forged by an 80MN rapid forging machine with 3 fires in total, the heating temperature per fire is 1040 ℃, asbestos per fire is wrapped, the deformation mode is eight-square drawing, the specific forging mode is shown in figure 1, the first 4 times are drawn from eight directions to four directions, the last 4 times are drawn from four directions to eight directions, and the cross section size is reduced. Simulating a strain field and a temperature field after forging is completed, as shown in fig. 2-3, the left data of fig. 2 is a strain axis, the corresponding numerical value from bottom to top is from small to large, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the initial pressure lower surface (namely the upper surface and the lower surface) and the left surface and the right surface at the beginning of each hot forging are different from the strain amount of the four surfaces forming an included angle of 45 degrees with the initial pressure lower surface and the left surface and the right surface after forging is completed;
the left data of fig. 3 is a temperature axis, which corresponds to a numerical value from bottom to top from small to large, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that a temperature difference is formed from the center to the edge of the intermediate billet after the forging, the temperature of the center is higher, and the temperature of the edge is lower. As is clear from fig. 2, four sides of the border portion are deformed largely at low temperature, and this region is sufficiently recrystallized, while the other four sides are deformed slightly at low temperature, which tends to cause insufficient recrystallization. If the region of insufficient recrystallization of the heat is still a region of insufficient recrystallization after the completion of the next heat forging, the region is easily inherited to the finished product to cause mixed crystals. To eliminate the accumulation of recrystallization insufficiently in the same region, it is necessary to adjust the initial pressure of the next fire. Therefore, the initial rolling surface of the 2 nd fire of the intermediate blank forging forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the 1 st fire initial rolling surface, and the initial rolling surface of the 3 rd fire of the intermediate blank forging forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the 2 nd fire initial rolling surface.
And 3, forging the finished product of the octagonal intermediate blank by adopting an 80MN rapid forging machine with 1 fire in total, wherein the heating temperature is 1040 ℃, the deformation mode is chamfering and rounding, and the deformation amount is 3 percent, so that the finished product of the phi 265mm black skin bar is obtained.
And 4, air cooling in the material factory after the forging is finished.
Example 2:
as shown in FIGS. 1-3, the invention provides a forging method for improving the structural uniformity of a nickel-based superalloy difficult to deform, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, adopting an 80MN rapid forging machine to perform cogging forging on ingots with the phi of 490mm, heating the ingots at 1160 ℃ per fire for 3 fires, and wrapping asbestos per fire in a deformation mode of one upsetting and one pulling to obtain an intermediate billet with an octagonal section after cogging is completed.
Step 2: forging the intermediate billet with the octagonal cross section by using an 80MN rapid forging machine with 3 fires in total, wherein the heating temperature per fire is 1050 ℃, asbestos is wrapped in each fire, the deformation mode is eight-square drawing, and the included angle between the initial pressing surface and the 1 st fire initial pressing surface is 45 degrees at the 2 nd fire of the intermediate billet forging; and in the 3 rd fire of the intermediate billet forging, the initial pressing surface and the 2 nd fire initial pressing surface form an included angle of 45 degrees.
And 3, forging the finished product of the octagonal intermediate blank by adopting an 80MN rapid forging machine with 1 fire in total, wherein the heating temperature is 1050 ℃, the deformation mode is chamfering and rounding, and the deformation amount is 5 percent, so that the finished product of the phi 265mm black skin bar is obtained.
And 4, air cooling in the material factory after the forging is finished.
Example 3:
as shown in FIGS. 1-3, the invention provides a forging method for improving the structural uniformity of a nickel-based superalloy difficult to deform, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, adopting an 80MN rapid forging machine to perform cogging forging on ingots with the phi of 490mm, wherein the heating temperature per fire is 1170 ℃, asbestos is wrapped per fire, and the deformation mode is one upsetting and one drawing to obtain an intermediate billet with an octagonal section after cogging is completed;
step 2: forging the intermediate billet with the octagonal cross section by using an 80MN rapid forging machine with 3 fires in total, wherein the heating temperature of each fire is 1060 ℃, the asbestos is wrapped in each fire, the deformation mode is that the eight sides are drawn out, and the initial pressing surface and the 1 st fire initial pressing surface form an included angle of 45 degrees in the 2 nd fire of the forging of the intermediate billet; in the 3 rd fire of the intermediate billet forging, the initial pressing surface and the 2 nd fire initial pressing surface form an included angle of 45 degrees;
and 4, air cooling in the material factory after the forging is finished.
In the process of eight-direction drawing deformation of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy difficult to deform, the phenomenon that strain is unevenly distributed in different directions can occur, and due to the uneven distribution of temperature from inside to outside, areas with insufficient recrystallization can easily occur, so that mixed crystals can occur, and if each hot forging process is random in direction, mixed crystal tissues can be further inherited. Compared with the conventional forging method, the forging method only needs to avoid random selection of each fire initial pressing surface, does not need to increase the number of times of forging and the operation difficulty in the forging process, is simple to implement, reduces the probability of mixed crystal occurrence, and improves the uniformity of the structure.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to what has been described above, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A forging method for improving the structural uniformity of a nickel-based superalloy difficult to deform is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, cogging and forging the cast ingot by adopting a quick forging machine, wherein the heating temperature per fire is 1150-1170 ℃, and the forging and the pulling are performed per fire to obtain an intermediate billet with an octagonal section;
s2, forging the intermediate blank by a rapid forging machine, wherein the heating temperature per fire is 1040-1060 ℃, and the deformation is eight-direction drawing;
s3, forging the finished product of the eight-square intermediate billet obtained in the step S2 by a rapid forging machine with 1 fire in total, wherein the heating temperature is 1040-1060 ℃, and the deformation mode is chamfering and rounding;
s4, after the forging is finished, the bar is placed in a material factory for air cooling, and the specification of the finished bar is phi 150 mm-300 mm.
2. The forging method for improving the texture uniformity of the nickel-base superalloy with low deformation tendency according to claim 1, wherein the cogging forging of the ingot in the step S1 is to upset and draw the ingot with a circular cross section by 2-3 h.
3. The forging method for improving the texture uniformity of the ni-based superalloy with poor deformation according to claim 1, wherein the 2 nd fire of the intermediate blank forging in the step S2 is started, and the initial pressing surface and the last fire initial pressing surface form an angle of 45 degrees.
4. The forging method for improving the texture uniformity of the nickel-base superalloy with low deformation tendency according to claim 1, wherein the forging of the intermediate billet in the step S2 is completed by drawing out the intermediate billet with 3-5 h, and the cross section after the forging is eight-square.
5. The forging method for improving the texture uniformity of the nickel-base superalloy with low deformation degree according to claim 1, wherein the deformation amount of finished product forging after chamfering and rounding in the step S3 is 1% -10%.
6. The forging method for improving the structural uniformity of the nickel-base superalloy with low deformation tendency according to claim 1, wherein each fire in the step S2 is wrapped with asbestos.
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| CN202110660412.8A CN113231589B (en) | 2021-06-15 | 2021-06-15 | Forging method for improving texture uniformity of nickel-based high-temperature alloy difficult to deform |
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| CN115156451A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-10-11 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Method for uniform deformation of structure of large-size titanium alloy bar |
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