CN115722628A - Preparation method of high-alloying difficult-deformation high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-alloying difficult-deformation high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-alloying hard-deformation high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging, which comprises the following steps: preparing a homogeneous fine-grain bar material by adopting a hot extrusion molding process; carrying out gamma' phase structure coarsening heat treatment on the bar; cutting the bar into bar material blocks and finishing; heating a bar stock block and then placing the bar stock block into a blank making mold on a hydraulic press to prepare an intermediate blank; thermally transferring the intermediate blank belt into a pre-heated resistance heating furnace for hot charging and annealing; heating the intermediate blank, placing the heated intermediate blank into a forging die on a hydraulic press, and preparing a disc forging by adopting a near isothermal forging process; and (3) carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the disc forging to finally obtain the high-alloying and deformation-resistant high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging. According to the invention, through strict process parameter control and process coordination, the preparation method is safer and more reliable, the uniformity of the structure and the consistency of the mechanical property of the disc forging are improved, the qualification rate of the disc forging is improved, the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of advanced high-temperature alloy manufacturing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-alloying hard-deformation high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging.
Background
As is well known, the wrought superalloy disk forging is widely applied to the field of aviation power and is an indispensable blank for manufacturing a turbine disk which is a key hot-end component of an aeroengine. Along with the improvement of the thrust-weight ratio of the advanced aeroengine, the turbine disc forging is required to have excellent manufacturing quality, which is mainly reflected in that: firstly, the forming effect of different parts (such as a disc edge, a disc core and a web) of the disc forging is good; secondly, different parts of the disc forging piece have uniform and fine grain structures; thirdly, the consistency of the mechanical properties of different parts of the disc forging is high.
At present, the wrought high-temperature alloy (such as GH 4151) for preparing the turbine disc forged piece of the advanced aeroengine has high alloying degree, the total content of solid solution strengthening elements (such as W, mo, co, cr and the like) in the alloy is high, the content of precipitation strengthening elements (such as Al, ti, nb, ta and the like) in the alloy is also high, and the content of a main strengthening phase gamma' phase in the alloy is usually higher than 50%. Because the alloy has the characteristics of high alloying chemical composition and high gamma 'phase content, the alloy has the characteristics of increased hot working deformation resistance, poor process plasticity, difficult hot working deformation, poor mold cavity filling effect and imperfect thermal deformation dynamic recrystallization structure, and simultaneously increases the forming difficulty of the alloy disc forging in the die forging process, the difficulty of obtaining homogeneous fine grain structure and the difficulty of the cooperative control of the fine grain structure and multi-scale gamma' phase structure of the disc forging.
In addition, the deformed high-temperature alloy bar used for preparing the disc forging piece is generally manufactured by adopting an upsetting-drawing forging cogging method, however, the upsetting-drawing forging cogging process is a deformation process with multiple fire times, the deformation process is complex, the stability and precision control difficulty of process parameters is high, the bar forging structure is very easy to cause unevenness, and the difficulty is brought to the structure uniformity control of the disc forging piece. The traditional process of preparing the bar and disc forging by upsetting, drawing and cogging and die forging the formed bar and disc forging easily causes the problems of uneven structure, poor forming effect, obvious mechanical property dispersity, poor safety and reliability, high product rejection rate and the like of deformed high-temperature alloy, particularly high-alloying difficultly-deformed high-temperature alloy disc forging. FIG. 1 shows the structure morphology of the bar prepared by the upsetting forging cogging process, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the structure of the bar is coarse and uneven.
The invention patent with application publication number CN114645162A discloses a manufacturing method of a fine-grain homogeneous disc forging of a high-temperature alloy difficult to deform, which comprises the steps of firstly obtaining a cast ingot subjected to homogenization annealing, then adopting a rapid forging machine to carry out multiple-fire successive cooling, upsetting and forging on the cast ingot to obtain a fine-grain homogeneous bar, then blanking the bar according to the required specification of the disc forging and carrying out isothermal upsetting cake to obtain an intermediate blank, and finally carrying out die forging and subsequent heat treatment on the intermediate blank. According to the technical scheme, the bar is prepared by adopting a traditional upsetting-drawing cogging manner, however, the upsetting-drawing forging process is easy to cause uneven structure of the bar, and if the structure of the original bar is uneven, the structure uniformity of subsequently prepared intermediate blanks and disc forgings is difficult to improve.
The invention patent with application publication number CN103341586A discloses a forming method for GH4738 nickel-based superalloy turbine disc, comprising the following steps: wrapping the cylindrical rod blank by using a hard sheath, and heating; heating, upsetting cake and die forging for two times; and carrying out heat treatment on the disc forging under the condition of sub-solid solution. The technical scheme is a forming method for the GH4738 nickel-based superalloy turbine disc, and if a turbine disc with uniform structure, fine grains and good forming effect is to be obtained, certain requirements on the structure and the performance of an original bar material are required, and the technical scheme does not require and improve the preparation process of the original bar material, but directly uses the existing bar blank, so that the turbine disc with uniform structure and good forming effect is difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a high-alloying hard-deformation high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging, which comprises the following steps in sequence:
the method comprises the following steps: placing the high-alloying high-temperature alloy GH4151 cast ingot difficult to deform into a high-temperature electric furnace for heating, taking out the cast ingot from the high-temperature electric furnace after the heating is finished, transferring the cast ingot into an extrusion die on a heat extruder, and preparing the cast ingot into a cylindrical bar material with a target specification by adopting a hot extrusion cogging process;
step two: placing the bar material after the hot extrusion into a resistance heating furnace to carry out gamma' phase structure coarsening heat treatment;
step three: cutting the bar subjected to the roughening heat treatment into bar material blocks by using a wire cutting machine or a sawing machine, performing machining finishing on two ends of the bar material blocks to enable two end faces of the bar material blocks to be flat and parallel, and rounding the edges of the two end faces of the bar material blocks;
step four: the bar stock block after machining and finishing is placed into a high-temperature electric furnace for heating, after the heating is finished, the bar stock block is taken out of the high-temperature electric furnace and is transferred into a blank making die on a hydraulic press, and then the bar stock block is pressed into an intermediate blank with a target specification;
step five: transferring the pressed intermediate blank strip into a pre-heated resistance heating furnace for hot charging and annealing;
step six: placing the intermediate blank subjected to hot charging and annealing into a high-temperature electric furnace for heating, taking out the intermediate blank from the high-temperature electric furnace after the heating is finished, transferring the intermediate blank into a forging die on a hydraulic press, and then carrying out near-isothermal forging on the intermediate blank to form a disc forging piece with a target specification;
step seven: and (3) placing the disc forging subjected to the near-isothermal forging into a resistance heating furnace for carrying out homogenization heat treatment, and finally obtaining the high-alloying and deformation-resistant high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging.
The invention adopts a hot extrusion molding process to prepare a homogeneous fine-grained bar used by a high-alloying hard-deformation high-temperature alloy disc forging; the bar stock is subjected to roughening heat treatment, so that the thermal deformation resistance of the alloy can be reduced, and the blank forming effect is ensured; the intermediate blank is subjected to hot charging and annealing, so that the process plasticity can be improved, and the near-isothermal forging forming condition is improved; the disk forging is subjected to homogenization heat treatment, so that the high-quality disk forging with very high structure uniformity and mechanical property consistency can be obtained.
Preferably, in the step one, the heating process of the ingot in the high-temperature electric furnace is as follows: putting the cast ingot into a high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 950-980 ℃ at a heating rate of 70-90 ℃/h, preserving heat for 2-6h, then continuously heating to 1100-1130 ℃ at a heating rate of 70-90 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 6-10h; the transfer time of the cast ingot does not exceed 1min.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in the step one, the hot extrusion cogging process of the ingot comprises: the extrusion temperature is 1150-1180 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 2-10, and the extrusion rate is 10-50mm/s; the diameter of the bar is 100-300mm.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in the second step, the bar material roughening heat treatment process includes: putting the bar material into a resistance heating furnace, heating to 1090-1120 ℃ at a heating rate of 80-100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4-10h, cooling to below 100 ℃ at a cooling rate of 10-30 ℃/h, and discharging. According to the invention, after the bar is subjected to roughening heat treatment, the gamma' phase structure can be roughened to 3-7 microns from the original 0.3-0.8 microns, and the bar is roughened to facilitate the subsequent forming of the disc forging, so that the thermal deformation resistance of the disc forging can be reduced, and the thermal process plasticity of the disc forging is improved.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in the fourth step, the heating process of the rod material block in the high-temperature electric furnace is as follows: putting the bar stock block into a high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 930-950 ℃ at a heating rate of 70-90 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1-2h, then continuously heating to 1100-1160 ℃ at a heating rate of 70-90 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 6-10h; the transfer time of the rod material block does not exceed 1min.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in the fifth step, the belt heating temperature of the pressed intermediate blank is 800-900 ℃, the preheating temperature of the resistance heating furnace is 800-980 ℃, and the transfer time of the intermediate blank is not more than 3min.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in step five, the hot charging annealing process of the intermediate blank is as follows: heating the resistance heating furnace with the intermediate blank from 800-980 ℃ to 1100-1140 ℃ at the heating rate of 70-100 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 2-8h, and then cooling to the room temperature along with the furnace. In the invention, hot charging annealing refers to a process of carrying certain heat after pressing an intermediate blank, putting the intermediate blank with the heat into a resistance heating furnace for annealing treatment, wherein the hot temperature of the intermediate blank is close to the preheating temperature of the resistance heating furnace.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in step six, the heating process of the intermediate blank in the high-temperature electric furnace is as follows: putting the intermediate blank into a high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 950-980 ℃ at a heating rate of 70-90 ℃/h, preserving heat for 2-6h, then continuously heating to 1100-1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 70-90 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 6-10h; the transfer time of the intermediate blank is not more than 3min.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in step six, the near isothermal forging process of the intermediate blank is: controlling by adopting a variable rate forming mode, forging the height of the intermediate blank to 2/3 of the original height at the speed of 3-5mm/s, continuously forging the height of the intermediate blank to 1/2 of the original height at the speed of 1-3mm/s, continuously forging the height of the intermediate blank to 1/3 of the original height at the speed of 0.5-1mm/s, continuously forging the intermediate blank into a disc forging piece with a target specification at the speed of 0.1-0.5mm/s, taking out the disc forging piece from a forging die, and covering a aluminosilicate fiber felt for cooling; the preheating temperature of the forging die is 900-1000 ℃; the diameter of the disc forging is 200-700mm.
In the invention, a variable speed forming mode is adopted for control, and the forming speed is gradually reduced from high to low. The molding rate in the early stage is high, the stable deformation temperature can be ensured, and if the molding temperature is reduced, the deformation resistance is increased, and the defects such as cracks and the like are easy to occur; the molding speed in the later period is slower, which is beneficial to realizing superplasticity effect.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in step seven, the homogenizing heat treatment process of the disc forging is as follows: and (3) putting the disc forging into a resistance heating furnace, heating to 1040-1080 ℃ at the heating rate of 80-100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8-16h, and then carrying out air cooling. The disc forging is subjected to a homogenizing heat treatment, and the covering aluminosilicate fiber felt is removed.
The preparation method of the high-alloying and deformation-resistant high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging piece has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The high-alloying difficult-deformation high-temperature alloy bar is prepared by adopting a hot extrusion cogging process, the material is subjected to plastic deformation in a three-dimensional compressive stress state, the process plasticity and the allowable deformation degree are improved, single-pass large-deformation processing is facilitated, the structure uniformity of the extruded bar is high, the crystal grains are refined, the crystal grain size reaches about ASTM (American society for testing and materials) 11 level, in addition, the hot extrusion cogging deformation and the bar forming are completed in one firing time, the deformation time is short, and the process stability is high; in the prior art, the upsetting-drawing forging process with multiple fire times is adopted for cogging, and the prepared bar material has thick and thick structure, poor structure uniformity and long deformation time.
(2) The method has the advantages that the gamma ' phase strengthening phase coarsening heat treatment is carried out on the extruded bar, the gamma ' phase is kept to be in the shape distribution characteristics of condensation, coarsening and irregularity, the coherent relationship between the gamma ' phase with the substrate gamma does not exist any more, coherent strain strengthening disappears in the hot working deformation process, the alloy thermal deformation resistance is greatly reduced, the process plasticity is improved, and the subsequent blank forming effect and the control of microstructure uniformity in the blank making process are ensured.
(3) By carrying out hot charging and annealing on the intermediate blank, on one hand, hot work hardening is eliminated, on the other hand, the simultaneous regulation and control of the gamma matrix grain size and the gamma' phase grain distribution characteristics of the blank are considered, a proper structure is formed, the process plasticity is improved, the deformation resistance is reduced, the deformation condition of subsequent near-isothermal forging is improved, the mold filling forming effect of the disc forging in the die forging process is favorably improved, and the fine grain structure with perfect dynamic recrystallization is favorably formed.
(4) By carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the disc forging piece, the deformation texture caused by die forging deformation can be eliminated, the residual stress of the disc forging piece is reduced, the distribution characteristic of a gamma' phase grain structure is regulated and controlled, the uniformity of a gamma solid solution is improved, more uniform and more favorable recrystallization conditions are created in the whole volume of the disc forging piece, and the uniform fine grain structure of ASTM grade 10 and the mechanical property with extremely high consistency at different parts of the disc forging piece are ensured.
(5) Through strict process parameter control and process matching, the preparation method is more reliable and safer, the structure uniformity and the mechanical property consistency of the disc forging are improved, the qualification rate of the disc forging is improved, the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.
Specifically, the following description is provided: the technical scheme of the invention relates to a plurality of parameters, and the beneficial effects and the remarkable progress of the invention can be obtained only by comprehensively considering the synergistic effect among the parameters. In addition, the value ranges of the parameters in the technical scheme are obtained through a large number of tests, and for each parameter and the combination of the parameters, the inventor records a large number of test data, is limited by space, and does not disclose specific test data. The various devices (such as a high-temperature electric furnace, a hot extrusion machine, a resistance heating furnace, a hydraulic press and the like) used by the invention are common devices in the field, and have no special requirements on specific models.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural morphology of a bar prepared by an upsetting-forging cogging process in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a structural morphology of a bar material prepared by a hot extrusion cogging process in a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the high-alloying difficultly-deformable high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging piece according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a gamma' -phase coarsened structure morphology obtained after the rod material is subjected to coarsening heat treatment in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is the structure of the disc rim portion of the disc forging after the disc forging is subjected to the homogenizing heat treatment in the embodiment of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a structural morphology of the core portion of the disc forging after the homogenizing heat treatment of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a structural morphology of the web portion of the disk forging after the disk forging has been subjected to the homogenizing heat treatment in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be further understood, the invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
according to a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the high-alloying high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging difficult to deform, the preparation method sequentially comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: placing the high-alloying hard-to-deform high-temperature alloy GH4151 cast ingot into a high-temperature electric furnace for heating, taking out the cast ingot from the high-temperature electric furnace after the heating is finished, transferring the cast ingot into an extrusion die on a heat extruder, and preparing the cast ingot into a cylindrical bar material with a target specification by adopting a hot extrusion cogging process;
step two: placing the bar subjected to hot extrusion into a resistance heating furnace to carry out gamma' phase structure coarsening heat treatment;
step three: cutting the bar subjected to the roughening heat treatment into bar material blocks by using a wire cutting machine or a sawing machine, performing machining finishing on two ends of the bar material blocks to enable two end faces of the bar material blocks to be flat and parallel, and rounding the edges of the two end faces of the bar material blocks;
step four: the bar stock block after machining and finishing is placed into a high-temperature electric furnace for heating, after the heating is finished, the bar stock block is taken out of the high-temperature electric furnace and is transferred into a blank making die on a hydraulic press, and then the bar stock block is pressed into an intermediate blank with a target specification;
step five: transferring the pressed intermediate blank strip into a pre-heated resistance heating furnace for hot charging and annealing;
step six: heating the intermediate blank after hot charging and annealing in a high-temperature electric furnace, taking the intermediate blank out of the high-temperature electric furnace after heating is finished, transferring the intermediate blank into a forging die on a hydraulic press, and forging the intermediate blank into a disc forging piece with a target specification at a near isothermal temperature;
step seven: and (3) placing the disc forging piece after the near isothermal forging into a resistance heating furnace for carrying out homogenization heat treatment, and finally obtaining the high-alloying and deformation-resistant high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging piece.
In the first step, the heating process of the ingot in the high-temperature electric furnace comprises the following steps: putting the cast ingot into a high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 965 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, then continuously heating to 1120 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 8h; the transfer time of the cast ingot does not exceed 1min.
In the first step, the hot extrusion cogging process of the cast ingot comprises the following steps: the extrusion temperature is 1165 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 6, and the extrusion rate is 30mm/s; the diameter of the bar is 200mm. As shown in FIG. 2, the bar prepared by the hot extrusion cogging process has good structure uniformity and fine crystal grains, which is beneficial to improving the forming effect, the structure uniformity and the consistency of mechanical properties of the subsequent disc forgings.
In the second step, the roughening heat treatment process of the bar comprises the following steps: putting the bar material into a resistance heating furnace, heating to 1110 ℃ at a heating rate of 90 ℃/h, preserving heat for 7h, cooling to below 100 ℃ at a cooling rate of 20 ℃/h, and discharging. In this embodiment, after the bar is subjected to roughening heat treatment, the γ' phase structure can be roughened from 0.3-0.8 μm to 3-7 μm. As shown in FIG. 3, the gamma' -phase coarsened structure obtained after the bar is subjected to coarsening heat treatment is characterized by agglomeration, coarsening and irregular shape distribution, so that coherent strain strengthening disappears in the hot working deformation process, the heat deformation resistance of the alloy is greatly reduced, and the process plasticity is improved.
In the fourth step, the heating process of the rod material block in the high-temperature electric furnace comprises the following steps: putting the bar stock block into a high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 940 ℃ at the heating rate of 80 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1.5h, then continuously heating to 1130 ℃ at the heating rate of 80 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 8h; the transfer time of the rod material block does not exceed 1min.
And step five, controlling the belt heating temperature of the pressed intermediate blank to be 850 ℃, the preheating temperature of the resistance heating furnace to be 900 ℃, and the transfer time of the intermediate blank not to exceed 3min.
In the fifth step, the hot charging annealing process of the intermediate blank comprises the following steps: and (3) heating the resistance heating furnace with the intermediate blank from 900 ℃ to 1120 ℃ at the heating rate of 85 ℃/h, preserving the temperature for 5h, and then cooling the resistance heating furnace with the resistance heating furnace to room temperature. In this embodiment, the hot charging and annealing refers to a process in which the intermediate blank carries a certain amount of heat after being pressed, and the intermediate blank with the heat is placed in a resistance heating furnace for annealing treatment, and the hot temperature of the intermediate blank should be close to the preheating temperature of the resistance heating furnace.
In the sixth step, the heating process of the intermediate blank in the high-temperature electric furnace comprises the following steps: putting the intermediate blank into a high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 965 ℃ at the heating rate of 80 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, then continuously heating to 1125 ℃ at the heating rate of 80 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 8h; the transfer time of the intermediate blank is not more than 3min.
In the sixth step, the near isothermal forging process of the intermediate blank comprises the following steps: controlling by adopting a variable rate forming mode, forging the height of the intermediate blank to 2/3 of the original height at the speed of 4mm/s, continuously forging the height of the intermediate blank to 1/2 of the original height at the speed of 2mm/s, continuously forging the height of the intermediate blank to 1/3 of the original height at the speed of 0.8mm/s, continuously forging the intermediate blank into a disc forging piece with a target specification at the speed of 0.3mm/s, taking the disc forging piece out of a forging die, covering an aluminosilicate fiber felt and cooling; the preheating temperature of the forging die is 950 ℃; the diameter of the disc forging is 500mm. In this embodiment, a variable-rate molding method is adopted for control, and the molding rate is gradually reduced from high to low.
In the seventh step, the homogenizing heat treatment process of the disc forging comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the disc forging into a resistance heating furnace, heating to 1060 ℃ at the heating rate of 90 ℃/h, preserving heat for 12h, and then cooling in air. The disc forging is then required to have its overlying aluminosilicate fiber mat removed prior to the homogenization heat treatment. As shown in fig. 4-6, after the disk forging is subjected to the homogenization heat treatment, the structures of the disk edge, the disk core and the web part of the disk forging are very uniform and have fine grains, and the grain sizes of the three parts are very consistent and high.
The preparation method of the high-alloying high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging piece difficult to deform has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The bar is prepared by adopting a hot extrusion cogging process, the material is subjected to plastic deformation in a three-dimensional compressive stress state, the process plasticity and the allowable deformation degree are improved, single-pass large-deformation processing is facilitated, the structure uniformity of the extruded bar is high, the crystal grains are refined, the grain size reaches about ASTM (American society for testing and materials) 11 grade, in addition, the hot extrusion cogging deformation and the bar forming are completed in one firing, the deformation time is short, and the process stability is high. (2) The method has the advantages that the gamma ' phase strengthening phase coarsening heat treatment is carried out on the extruded bar, the gamma ' phase is kept to be in the shape distribution characteristics of condensation, coarsening and irregularity, the coherent relationship between the gamma ' phase with the substrate gamma does not exist any more, coherent strain strengthening disappears in the hot working deformation process, the alloy thermal deformation resistance is greatly reduced, the process plasticity is improved, and the subsequent blank forming effect and the control of microstructure uniformity in the blank making process are ensured. (3) By carrying out hot charging and annealing on the intermediate blank, hot work hardening is eliminated, the grain size of a gamma matrix and the distribution characteristics of gamma' phase particles of the blank are simultaneously regulated and controlled, a proper structure is formed, the process plasticity is improved, the deformation resistance is reduced, the deformation condition of subsequent near-isothermal forging is improved, the mold filling and forming effects of the disc forging in the die forging process are favorably improved, and the fine grain structure with perfect dynamic recrystallization is favorably formed. (4) By carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the disc forging, the deformation texture caused by die forging deformation can be eliminated, the residual stress of the disc forging is reduced, the distribution characteristic of a gamma' phase grain structure is regulated, the uniformity of a gamma solid solution is improved, more uniform and favorable recrystallization conditions are created in the whole volume of the disc forging, and the uniform fine grain structure of ASTM 10 grade and the mechanical property with extremely high consistency at different parts of the disc forging are ensured. (5) Through strict process parameter control and process matching, the structure uniformity and the mechanical property consistency of the disc forging are improved, the qualification rate of the disc forging is improved, the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.
The second embodiment:
according to another preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the high-alloying difficultly-deformed high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging, the adopted preparation process, the used equipment, the principle, the beneficial effects and the like are basically the same as those of the first embodiment, and the difference is that:
in the first step, the heating process of the ingot in the high-temperature electric furnace comprises the following steps: putting the cast ingot into a high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 70 ℃/h, preserving heat for 6h, then continuously heating to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 70 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 10h; the transfer time of the cast ingot is not more than 1min.
In the first step, the hot extrusion cogging process of the cast ingot comprises the following steps: extrusion temperature is 1150 ℃, extrusion ratio is 2, and extrusion speed is 50mm/s; the diameter of the bar is 100mm.
In the second step, the bar material roughening heat treatment process comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the bar material into a resistance heating furnace, heating to 1090 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h, preserving heat for 10h, cooling to below 100 ℃ at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/h, and discharging. In this embodiment, after the bar is subjected to roughening heat treatment, the γ' phase structure can be roughened from 0.3-0.8 μm to 3-7 μm.
In the fourth step, the heating process of the rod material block in the high-temperature electric furnace comprises the following steps: putting the bar stock block into a high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 930 ℃ at a heating rate of 70 ℃/h, preserving heat for 2h, then continuously heating to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 70 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 10h; the transfer time of the rod material block does not exceed 1min.
And fifthly, the belt heating temperature of the pressed intermediate blank is 800 ℃, the preheating temperature of the resistance heating furnace is 800 ℃, and the transfer time of the intermediate blank is not more than 3min.
In the fifth step, the hot charging annealing process of the intermediate blank comprises the following steps: heating the resistance heating furnace with the intermediate blank from 800 ℃ to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 70 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 8h, and then cooling the resistance heating furnace with the intermediate blank to room temperature.
In the sixth step, the heating process of the intermediate blank in the high-temperature electric furnace comprises the following steps: putting the intermediate blank into a high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 950 ℃ at a heating rate of 70 ℃/h, preserving heat for 6h, then continuously heating to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 70 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 10h; the transfer time of the intermediate blank is not more than 3min.
In the sixth step, the near isothermal forging process of the intermediate blank comprises the following steps: controlling by adopting a variable rate forming mode, forging the height of the intermediate blank to 2/3 of the original height at the speed of 3mm/s, continuously forging the height of the intermediate blank to 1/2 of the original height at the speed of 1mm/s, continuously forging the height of the intermediate blank to 1/3 of the original height at the speed of 0.5mm/s, continuously forging the intermediate blank into a disc forging piece with a target specification at the speed of 0.1mm/s, taking the disc forging piece out of a forging die, covering an aluminosilicate fiber felt and cooling; the preheating temperature of the forging die is 900 ℃; the diameter of the disc forging is 200mm.
In the seventh step, the homogenizing heat treatment process of the disc forging piece comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the disc forging into a resistance heating furnace, heating to 1040 ℃ at a heating rate of 80 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8h, and then carrying out air cooling. The disc forging is subjected to a homogenizing heat treatment, and the covering aluminosilicate fiber felt is removed.
Example three:
according to another preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the high-alloying difficultly-deformed high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging, the adopted preparation process, the used equipment, the principle, the beneficial effects and the like are basically the same as those of the first embodiment, except that:
in the first step, the heating process of the ingot in the high-temperature electric furnace comprises the following steps: putting the cast ingot into a high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 980 ℃ at a heating rate of 90 ℃/h, preserving heat for 2h, then continuously heating to 1130 ℃ at a heating rate of 90 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 6h; the transfer time of the cast ingot is not more than 1min.
In the first step, the hot extrusion cogging process of the cast ingot comprises the following steps: the extrusion temperature is 1180 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion rate is 10mm/s; the diameter of the bar is 300mm.
In the second step, the roughening heat treatment process of the bar comprises the following steps: putting the bar material into a resistance heating furnace, heating to 1120 ℃ at a heating rate of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, cooling to below 100 ℃ at a cooling rate of 30 ℃/h, and discharging. In this embodiment, after the bar is subjected to roughening heat treatment, the γ' phase structure can be roughened from 0.3-0.8 μm to 3-7 μm.
In the fourth step, the heating process of the rod material block in the high-temperature electric furnace comprises the following steps: putting the bar stock block into a high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 950 ℃ at a heating rate of 90 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1h, then continuously heating to 1160 ℃ at a heating rate of 90 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 6h; the transfer time of the rod material block does not exceed 1min.
And fifthly, the belt heating temperature of the pressed intermediate blank is 900 ℃, the preheating temperature of the resistance heating furnace is 980 ℃, and the transfer time of the intermediate blank is not more than 3min.
In the fifth step, the hot charging annealing process of the intermediate blank comprises the following steps: heating the resistance heating furnace with the intermediate blank from 980 ℃ to 1140 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 2h, and then cooling to the room temperature along with the furnace.
In the sixth step, the heating process of the intermediate blank in the high-temperature electric furnace comprises the following steps: putting the intermediate blank into a high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 980 ℃ at a heating rate of 90 ℃/h, preserving heat for 2h, then continuously heating to 1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 90 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 6h; the transfer time of the intermediate blank is not more than 3min.
In the sixth step, the near isothermal forging process of the intermediate blank comprises the following steps: controlling by adopting a variable rate forming mode, forging the height of the intermediate blank to 2/3 of the original height at the speed of 5mm/s, continuously forging the height of the intermediate blank to 1/2 of the original height at the speed of 3mm/s, continuously forging the height of the intermediate blank to 1/3 of the original height at the speed of 1mm/s, continuously forging the intermediate blank into a disc forging piece with a target specification at the speed of 0.5mm/s, taking out the disc forging piece from a forging die, covering a silicon-aluminate fiber felt and cooling; the preheating temperature of the forging die is 1000 ℃; the diameter of the disc forging is 700mm.
In the seventh step, the homogenizing heat treatment process of the disc forging comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the disc forging into a resistance heating furnace, heating to 1080 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 16h, and then carrying out air cooling. The disc forging is subjected to a homogenizing heat treatment, and the covering aluminosilicate fiber felt is removed.
The three groups of examples were subjected to mechanical property tests, the used test equipment and test environment were the same, and the test results are shown in tables 1 and 2. From the test data in tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the mechanical properties of different parts of the same disc forging have high consistency.
TABLE 1 tensile Properties (at Room temperature) of different parts of high alloyed difficultly deformable superalloy GH4151 disc forgings
TABLE 2 tensile properties (750 ℃) of different parts of high alloyed, hard to deform superalloy GH4151 disc forgings
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the method of making the high alloying refractory alloy GH4151 disc forging of the present invention comprises any combination of the summary and the detailed description of the invention in the above description and the accompanying drawings, without describing the combination of aspects, for brevity of the description. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a high-alloying high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging difficult to deform comprises the following steps in sequence:
the method comprises the following steps: placing the high-alloying hard-to-deform high-temperature alloy GH4151 cast ingot into a high-temperature electric furnace for heating, taking out the cast ingot from the high-temperature electric furnace after the heating is finished, transferring the cast ingot into an extrusion die on a heat extruder, and preparing the cast ingot into a cylindrical bar material with a target specification by adopting a hot extrusion cogging process;
step two: placing the bar material after the hot extrusion into a resistance heating furnace to carry out gamma' phase structure coarsening heat treatment;
step three: cutting the bar subjected to the roughening heat treatment into bar material blocks by using a wire cutting machine or a sawing machine, performing machining finishing on two ends of the bar material blocks to enable two end faces of the bar material blocks to be flat and parallel, and rounding the edges of the two end faces of the bar material blocks;
step four: the bar stock blocks after being machined and finished are placed into a high-temperature electric furnace to be heated, after the heating is finished, the bar stock blocks are taken out of the high-temperature electric furnace and transferred into a blank making mold on a hydraulic press, and then the bar stock blocks are pressed into an intermediate blank with a target specification;
step five: transferring the pressed intermediate blank strip into a preheated resistance heating furnace for hot charging and annealing;
step six: placing the intermediate blank subjected to hot charging and annealing into a high-temperature electric furnace for heating, taking out the intermediate blank from the high-temperature electric furnace after the heating is finished, transferring the intermediate blank into a forging die on a hydraulic press, and then carrying out near-isothermal forging on the intermediate blank to form a disc forging piece with a target specification;
step seven: and (3) placing the disc forging subjected to the near-isothermal forging into a resistance heating furnace for carrying out homogenization heat treatment, and finally obtaining the high-alloying and deformation-resistant high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging.
2. The preparation method of the high-alloying difficult-to-deform superalloy GH4151 disc forging of claim 1, wherein: step one, the heating process of the cast ingot in the high-temperature electric furnace comprises the steps of putting the cast ingot into the high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 950-980 ℃ at the heating rate of 70-90 ℃/h, preserving heat for 2-6h, continuing heating to 1100-1130 ℃ at the heating rate of 70-90 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 6-10h; the transfer time of the cast ingot is not more than 1min.
3. The method for preparing the high-alloying difficultly-deformable high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the hot extrusion cogging process of the cast ingot is that the extrusion temperature is 1150-1180 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 2-10, and the extrusion speed is 10-50mm/s; the diameter of the bar is 100-300mm.
4. The preparation method of the high-alloying difficult-to-deform superalloy GH4151 disc forging of claim 1, wherein: and in the second step, the bar material coarsening heat treatment process comprises the steps of putting the bar material into a resistance heating furnace, heating to 1090-1120 ℃ at the heating rate of 80-100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4-10h, cooling to below 100 ℃ at the cooling rate of 10-30 ℃/h, and discharging.
5. The preparation method of the high-alloying difficult-to-deform superalloy GH4151 disc forging of claim 1, wherein: step four, the heating process of the bar material block in the high-temperature electric furnace comprises the steps of putting the bar material block into the high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 930-950 ℃ at the heating rate of 70-90 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1-2h, continuing heating to 1100-1160 ℃ at the heating rate of 70-90 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 6-10h; the transfer time of the rod material block does not exceed 1min.
6. The method for preparing the high-alloying difficultly-deformable high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and step five, the belt heating temperature of the pressed intermediate blank is 800-900 ℃, the preheating temperature of the resistance heating furnace is 800-980 ℃, and the transfer time of the intermediate blank is not more than 3min.
7. The preparation method of the high-alloying difficult-to-deform superalloy GH4151 disc forging of claim 6, wherein: and fifthly, the hot charging annealing process of the intermediate blank comprises the steps of heating the resistance heating furnace with the intermediate blank from 800-980 ℃ to 1100-1140 ℃ at a heating rate of 70-100 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 2-8h, and then cooling the intermediate blank to room temperature along with the furnace.
8. The method for preparing the high-alloying difficultly-deformable high-temperature alloy GH4151 disc forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step six, the heating process of the intermediate blank in the high-temperature electric furnace comprises the steps of putting the intermediate blank into the high-temperature electric furnace, heating to 950-980 ℃ at the heating rate of 70-90 ℃/h, preserving heat for 2-6h, continuing heating to 1100-1150 ℃ at the heating rate of 70-90 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 6-10h; the transfer time of the intermediate blank does not exceed 3min.
9. The preparation method of the high-alloying difficult-to-deform superalloy GH4151 disc forging of claim 8, wherein: in the sixth step, the near isothermal forging process of the intermediate billet is controlled by adopting a variable rate forming mode, the height of the intermediate billet is forged to 2/3 of the original height at the speed of 3-5mm/s, the height of the intermediate billet is continuously forged to 1/2 of the original height at the speed of 1-3mm/s, the height of the intermediate billet is continuously forged to 1/3 of the original height at the speed of 0.5-1mm/s, the intermediate billet is continuously forged to a disc forging piece with a target specification at the speed of 0.1-0.5mm/s, the disc forging piece is taken out from a forging die, and a silicon-aluminate fiber felt is covered for cooling; the preheating temperature of the forging die is 900-1000 ℃; the diameter of the disc forging is 200-700mm.
10. The preparation method of the high-alloying difficult-to-deform superalloy GH4151 disc forging of claim 1, wherein: and seventhly, putting the disc forging into a resistance heating furnace, heating to 1040-1080 ℃ at the heating rate of 80-100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8-16h, and then carrying out air cooling.
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