CN115852119A - H13 ingot casting forging hot-work die steel and production method thereof - Google Patents
H13 ingot casting forging hot-work die steel and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Compared with the prior art, the H13 ingot forging hot work die steel and the production method thereof have the advantages that in the ingot homogenizing stage, the inner and outer portions of the ingot are uniformly heated through slow temperature rise preheating/heating, and the internal quality defect caused by thermal stress generated due to the fact that the temperature rise rate is too high in the heating process is avoided. The adoption of the 1250-1280 ℃ long-time high-temperature homogenization heating process ensures that the elements are effectively and fully diffused, so that the element diffusion is more uniform, and the defect of element segregation caused by ingot casting is eliminated. After high temperature homogenization, the temperature is quickly reduced to 1240 +/-20 ℃ for heat preservation, so that the over-burning defect of the billet caused by long-time high-temperature heating is prevented. The effect of eliminating the liquated carbide is achieved through the method. According to the invention, through three piers and three pulls and three-way forging, the technological parameters of each time are controlled, the core tissues of the cast ingot are ensured to be fully crushed in the forging process, the tissue segregation is thoroughly eliminated, the difference value of the transverse and longitudinal mechanical properties is reduced, and the service life of the die is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of die steel production, and particularly relates to H13 ingot casting forging hot work die steel and a production method thereof.
Background
The hot-working die steel belongs to a die material with the most rigorous working conditions, the most complex stress conditions and the highest material performance requirement in die steel types. In order to meet the material performance requirements of different application scenes, dozens of hot-work die steels are developed in various countries around the world, wherein H13 hot-work die steel is common hot-work die steel, the carbon content is about 0.4%, the content of alloy elements is about 8%, the steel belongs to hypereutectoid steel, the grade of China is 4Cr5MoSiV1, and the steel is widely used for manufacturing extrusion and hot die forging dies of aluminum alloy.
Compared with the excellent foreign H13 hot work die steel, the domestic hot work die steel still has a large gap: 1. the liquated carbide in the steel cannot be eliminated, the element diffusion is not uniform, and the difference between the transverse mechanical property and the longitudinal mechanical property is large, so that the material fails in advance in the service process; 2. the reasonable forging production process guidance is lacked, and the material is not uniformly deformed in the forging process, so that the microstructure difference in the material is large; 3. the granular carbides are unevenly distributed, so that the hardness of the annealed state is higher, and the quenching and tempering process is influenced.
The production process of the H13 hot-work die steel is complex, and different treatment processes can affect the final properties of the material.
A patent with publication number CN 106811580A, published in 2017, 6, 9, discloses a spheroidizing annealing process of H13 hot work die steel, which comprises the following steps: cooling the forged H13 steel blank to 400-500 ℃, loading the H13 steel blank into a furnace, raising the temperature to 720-750 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 25-80 ℃/H, preheating and preserving the heat for 1-2H, raising the temperature to 980-1050 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 25-80 ℃/H, preserving the heat for 3-5H after the furnace charge is completely preserved, then cooling the furnace to less than or equal to 550 ℃, and discharging the furnace by air cooling; hot charging, heating to 900-950 ℃ at a heating rate of 25-80 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 0.5-1h after the furnace burden is fully preserved, and discharging in an air cooling manner to finish the pretreatment process; charging at 300-400 ℃, heating to 880 +/-10 ℃ at a heating rate of 25-80 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4-6h, cooling to 760 +/-10 ℃ at a cooling rate of 15-20 ℃/h, preserving heat for 8-12h, cooling to less than or equal to 500 ℃ at a cooling rate of 15-20 ℃/h, air-cooling, and discharging. However, it cannot solve the problem of large difference in mechanical properties between the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide H13 cast ingot forging hot work die steel and a production method thereof, which thoroughly eliminate cast ingot liquated carbides and banded structures caused by dendrite segregation through high-temperature homogenization and three-way forging, and have uniform microstructure inside the material and uniform distribution of granular carbides; the difference value of the transverse and longitudinal impact energy performance is within 5%, the service life of the product is greatly prolonged, and the method has important theoretical and practical significance for improving the quality of the H13 hot work die steel product.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a production method of H13 ingot casting forging hot-work die steel comprises the following steps:
1) Homogenizing the cast ingot at high temperature;
2) Carrying out three-way forging on the cast ingot;
3) Forging a finished product;
4) And (6) annealing.
In the step 1), the ingot casting high-temperature homogenization specifically comprises the following steps: preheating the ingot at 600 +/-20 ℃ for 2 +/-0.5 hours, then heating to 850 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat for 3 +/-0.5 hours, then heating to 1250-1280 ℃, preserving heat for 25 +/-0.5 hours, carrying out high-temperature homogenization and diffusion, and finally cooling to 1240 +/-20 ℃ at the speed of 100 +/-20 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 4 +/-0.5 hours.
In the step 1), heating from 600 +/-20 ℃ to 850 +/-20 ℃ at a heating rate of 60-100 ℃/h;
in the step 1), the temperature is increased from 850 +/-20 ℃ to 1250-1280 ℃ at the temperature increase rate of 100-120 ℃/h;
further, after the treatment of the step 1), dead head defect cutting is carried out on the cast ingot, and the ingot is returned to the furnace at the temperature of 1240 +/-20 ℃ and is insulated for 2-3 hours; then step 2) is carried out;
the step 2) comprises the following steps:
2-1) longitudinally upsetting, longitudinally drawing out after upsetting, returning to a furnace and preserving heat;
2-2) performing longitudinal upsetting, performing transverse drawing after upsetting, returning to a furnace and preserving heat;
2-3) performing transverse upsetting, performing longitudinal drawing after upsetting is finished, and returning to a furnace for heat preservation;
the step 2-1) is specifically as follows: longitudinally upsetting with upsetting ratio of 1.5-1.8, longitudinally drawing at drawing ratio of 1.8-2, and returning at 1240 +/-20 ℃ for keeping the temperature for 4 +/-0.5 hours;
the step 2-2) is specifically as follows: longitudinally upsetting with the upsetting ratio of 1.5-1.8, transversely drawing to the length ratio of 1.8-2 after upsetting is finished, and returning at 1240 +/-20 ℃ for keeping the temperature for 4 +/-0.5 hours after the length is finished;
the step 2-3) is specifically as follows: performing transverse upsetting with the upsetting ratio of 1.5-2, performing longitudinal drawing with the drawing ratio of 1.8-2 after upsetting is finished, and performing furnace returning and heat preservation at 1240 +/-20 ℃ for 2-3 hours after drawing is finished;
and (5) finishing the three-pier three-drawing three-way forging after the step 2) is finished.
In the forging process of step 2), the open forging temperature is controlled to be over 980 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is controlled to be more than 850 ℃.
In the drawing process of step 2), the first pass reduction amount of each fire is controlled to be 20-30mm, the middle pass ensures heavy reduction, and the reduction amount is 120-150mm, so that the core tissue of the cast ingot is fully crushed.
Step 3) finished product forging specifically comprises the following steps: the forging process has the forging starting temperature of over 980 ℃ and the finish forging temperature of over 850 ℃.
Annealing in the step 4), and spheroidizing annealing until the hardness of the material is less than or equal to 220HB; spheroidizing annealing according to the conventional method in the field; the method comprises the following specific steps: placing the die steel in a 550 ℃ annealing furnace, heating to 650 ℃ for 4 hours, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating to 880 ℃ for 2 hours, and preserving heat for 5 hours; cooling to 750 ℃ for 1h, and preserving heat for 8h; cooling to 650 ℃ for 1h, preserving heat for 1h, cooling to 450 ℃ along with the furnace, and discharging for air cooling.
The difference of transverse and longitudinal impact energy performance of the H13 cast ingot forging hot work die steel produced by the method is within 5 percent.
The H13 ingot casting forging hot-work die steel is prepared by the method; the H13 ingot casting forging hot-work die steel is H13 hot-work die steel with the components meeting the standard.
The transverse and longitudinal directions referred to in the present invention are based on the transverse and longitudinal directions of the original ingot.
Compared with the prior art, in the ingot casting homogenizing stage, the inner and outer parts of the ingot casting are uniformly heated by slowly heating up and preheating/heating, and the internal quality defect caused by thermal stress generated by too high heating up rate in the heating process is prevented. The adoption of the 1250-1280 ℃ long-time high-temperature homogenization heating process ensures that the elements are effectively and fully diffused, so that the diffusion of the elements is more uniform, and the defect of element segregation caused by ingot casting is eliminated. After high-temperature homogenization, the temperature is quickly reduced to 1240 +/-20 ℃ for heat preservation, so that the over-burning defect caused by long-time high-temperature heating on the billet is prevented. The effect of eliminating the liquated carbide is achieved by the method. The invention controls the technological parameters of each time by three piers and three pulls and three-way forging, ensures that the core tissue of the cast ingot is fully crushed in the forging process, thoroughly eliminates the tissue segregation, and has uniform microstructure inside the material and uniform distribution of granular carbide; the difference of the transverse and longitudinal impact energy performance is within 5 percent, the difference of the transverse and longitudinal mechanical performance is reduced, and the service life of the die is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-way forging of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of example 1, which shows uniform structure and no segregation phenomenon;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of comparative example 1, in which widmannstatten structures exist and component segregation is severe;
FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of comparative example 2, showing composition segregation;
FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of comparative example 3, in which a large amount of widmannstatten structures exist and the composition segregation is severe;
FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of comparative example 4, showing composition segregation;
fig. 7 is a graph of an annealing process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A production method of H13 ingot casting forging hot-work die steel comprises the following steps:
the hot work die steel is H13, and the product specification is 200mm phi multiplied by 12m in diameter; the used blank is a die cast ingot with the specification of 5.2T; carrying out surface inspection on the blank, carrying out grinding treatment on the surface defects, and then carrying out the following steps:
1) Ingot casting high-temperature homogenization: preheating at 600 ℃ for 2 hours, heating to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3 hours, rapidly heating to 1280 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/h, diffusing at the high temperature for 25 hours, cooling to 1240 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 4 hours; then, dead head defects are cut off, and the furnace is returned at 1240 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 2 hours;
2) And (3) carrying out three-way forging on the cast ingot: firstly, longitudinal upsetting is carried out, the upsetting ratio is 1.8, longitudinal drawing is carried out after upsetting is finished, the drawing ratio is 2, drawing is finished, and annealing at 1240 ℃ is carried out for 4 hours; then, longitudinal upsetting is carried out, the upsetting ratio is 1.8, transverse drawing is carried out after upsetting is finished, the drawing ratio is 2, drawing is finished, and annealing at 1240 ℃ is carried out for heat preservation for 4 hours; finally, transverse upsetting is carried out, the upsetting ratio is 1.8, longitudinal drawing is carried out after upsetting is finished, the drawing ratio is 2, drawing is finished, and annealing at 1240 ℃ is carried out for 2 hours; thus, the three-pier three-drawing three-way forging is finished; in the whole forging process, the open forging temperature is controlled to be over 980 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is controlled to be more than 850 ℃; in the drawing process, the first reduction amount of each fire is controlled to be 20-30mm, the middle pass ensures heavy reduction, and the reduction amount is 120-150mm, so that the core structure of the cast ingot is fully crushed.
3) Carrying out finished product forging: the open forging temperature is over 980 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is more than 850 ℃; controlling the first pass reduction amount to be 20-30mm per fire, ensuring the heavy reduction in the middle pass and ensuring the reduction amount to be 120-150mm, and fully crushing the core tissue of the cast ingot;
4) Annealing: spheroidizing and annealing until the hardness of the material is less than or equal to 220HB; the specific annealing process comprises the following steps: placing the die steel in a 550 ℃ annealing furnace, heating to 650 ℃ for 4h, preserving heat for 3h, heating to 880 ℃ for 2h, and preserving heat for 5h; cooling to 750 ℃ for 1h, and preserving heat for 8h; cooling to 650 ℃ for 1h, preserving heat for 1h, finally cooling to 450 ℃ with the furnace, discharging from the furnace, and air cooling, wherein an annealing curve is shown in figure 7.
The structure of example 1 is uniform as shown in FIG. 2, and segregation phenomenon is not observed.
Comparative example 1
A production method of H13 ingot forging hot die steel comprises the following steps:
1) The hot work die steel is H13, and the product specification is 200mm phi multiplied by 12m in diameter; the used blank is a die cast ingot with the specification of 5.2T; carrying out surface inspection on the blank and carrying out polishing treatment on surface defects;
2) Homogenizing the cast ingot at high temperature: preheating at 600 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours, then heating to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and preserving heat for 3 hours, then rapidly heating to 1280 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/h and diffusing at the high temperature for 25 hours, cooling to 1240 ℃ at the fastest speed and preserving heat for 4 hours, directly forging and forming, and carrying out spheroidizing annealing according to the embodiment 1.
The structure of comparative example 1 is shown in FIG. 3, in which high-temperature diffusion was performed for a long period of time according to the present invention, but three blocks and three pulls were not performed, and the widmannstatten structure existed in the structure, and the composition segregation was severe.
Comparative example 2
A production method of H13 ingot casting forging hot-work die steel comprises the following steps:
the hot work die steel is H13, and the product specification is 200mm phi multiplied by 12m in diameter; the used blank is a die cast ingot with the specification of 5.2T; carrying out surface inspection on the blank, carrying out grinding treatment on the surface defects, and then carrying out the following steps:
1) Homogenizing the cast ingot at high temperature: preheating at 600 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours, then heating to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and preserving heat for 3 hours, then rapidly heating to 1280 ℃ at 100 ℃/h and carrying out high-temperature diffusion for 25 hours, cooling to 1240 ℃ at the fastest speed and preserving heat for 4 hours, then carrying out dead head defect removal, and carrying out remelting at 1240 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours;
2) And (3) carrying out three-pier three-drawing forging on the cast ingot: firstly, longitudinal upsetting is carried out, the upsetting ratio is 1.8, longitudinal drawing is carried out after upsetting is finished, the drawing ratio is 2, drawing is finished, and annealing at 1240 ℃ is carried out for 4 hours; repeating the steps twice, and finishing the three-pier three-drawing forging.
3) Carrying out finished product forging: in the whole forging process, the initial forging temperature is over 980 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than 850 ℃; controlling the first pass reduction amount to be 20-30mm per fire, ensuring the heavy reduction in the middle pass and ensuring the reduction amount to be 120-150mm, and fully crushing the core tissue of the cast ingot;
4) Annealing: spheroidizing annealing is carried out until the hardness of the material is less than or equal to 220HB, and the annealing process is carried out according to the embodiment 1.
The structure of comparative example 2 is shown in FIG. 4, which is subjected to high temperature diffusion for a long time according to the present invention, three piers and three pulls, but not three-way forging, and has composition segregation.
Comparative example 3
A production method of H13 ingot casting forging hot-work die steel comprises the following steps:
1) The hot work die steel is H13, and the product specification is 200mm phi multiplied by 12m in diameter; the used blank is a die cast ingot with the specification of 5.2T; carrying out surface inspection on the blank and carrying out polishing treatment on surface defects;
2) Homogenizing the cast ingot at high temperature: preheating at 600 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours, then heating to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and preserving heat for 3 hours, then rapidly heating to 1280 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/h and diffusing at the high temperature for 12 hours, cooling to 1240 ℃ at the fastest speed and preserving heat for 4 hours, directly forging and forming, finally annealing the finished product, and carrying out an annealing process according to the embodiment 1.
The structure of comparative example 3 is shown in fig. 5, which is not subjected to high temperature diffusion for a long time according to the present invention, and is not three mounds and three mounds, and the structure has a large amount of widmannstatten structures and is severely segregated.
Comparative example 4
A production method of H13 ingot casting forging hot-work die steel comprises the following steps:
the hot work die steel is H13, and the product specification is phi 200mm multiplied by 12m in diameter; the used blank is a die cast ingot with the specification of 5.2T; carrying out surface inspection on the blank, carrying out grinding treatment on the surface defects, and then carrying out the following steps:
1) Homogenizing the cast ingot at high temperature: preheating at 600 ℃ for 2 hours, then heating to 850 ℃ at a heating rate of 60 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3 hours, then rapidly heating to 1280 ℃ at 100 ℃/h, diffusing at high temperature for 12 hours, cooling to 1240 ℃ at the fastest speed, preserving heat for 4 hours, then removing riser defects, and carrying out annealing at 1240 ℃ for 2 hours;
2) And (3) carrying out three-pier three-pull forging on the cast ingot: firstly, longitudinal upsetting is carried out, the upsetting ratio is 1.8, longitudinal drawing is carried out after upsetting is finished, the drawing ratio is 2, drawing is finished, and annealing at 1240 ℃ is carried out for heat preservation for 4 hours; repeating the steps twice, and finishing the three-pier three-drawing forging.
3) Carrying out finished product forging: in the whole forging process, the open forging temperature is over 980 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is more than 850 ℃; controlling the first pass reduction amount to be 20-30mm per fire, ensuring the heavy reduction in the middle pass and ensuring the reduction amount to be 120-150mm, and fully crushing the core tissue of the cast ingot;
4) Annealing: spheroidizing annealing is carried out until the hardness of the material is less than or equal to 220HB, and the annealing process is carried out according to the embodiment 1.
The structure of comparative example 4 is shown in fig. 6, which was not subjected to high temperature diffusion for a long time according to the present invention, was subjected to three-pier three-drawing, was not forged three-dimensionally, and was segregated in composition.
The properties of each example and comparative example are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Properties of examples and comparative examples
The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A production method for forging H13 cast ingot hot-work die steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Ingot casting high-temperature homogenization: preheating the cast ingot at 600 +/-20 ℃ for 2 +/-0.5 hours, then heating to 850 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat for 3 +/-0.5 hours, then heating to 1250-1280 ℃, preserving heat for 25 +/-0.5 hours, carrying out high-temperature homogenization and diffusion, and finally cooling to 1240 +/-20 ℃ at the speed of 100 +/-20 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4 +/-0.5 hours;
2) Carrying out three-way forging on the cast ingot;
3) Forging a finished product;
4) And (6) annealing.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the temperature is raised from 600 ± 20 ℃ to 850 ± 20 ℃ at a temperature raising rate of 60-100 ℃/h; the temperature is raised from 850 plus or minus 20 ℃ to 1250 to 1280 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 100 to 120 ℃/h.
3. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after the treatment of the step 1), the ingot is subjected to dead head defect removal and annealing at 1240 +/-20 ℃ for 2-3 hours.
4. The production method according to claim 1, wherein step 2) comprises the steps of:
2-1) longitudinally upsetting, longitudinally drawing out after upsetting, returning to a furnace and preserving heat;
2-2) longitudinally upsetting, transversely drawing out after upsetting, returning to a furnace and preserving heat;
2-3) performing transverse upsetting, performing longitudinal drawing after upsetting is finished, and returning to the furnace for heat preservation.
5. The production method according to claim 4, wherein the step 2-1) is specifically: longitudinally upsetting with upsetting ratio of 1.5-1.8, longitudinally drawing at drawing ratio of 1.8-2, and returning at 1240 +/-20 deg.C for 4 +/-0.5 hr.
6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the step 2-2) is specifically: longitudinally upsetting with the upsetting ratio of 1.5-1.8, transversely drawing with the drawing ratio of 1.8-2 after upsetting, and returning to the furnace at 1240 +/-20 ℃ for 4 +/-0.5 hours after drawing.
7. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the steps 2-3) are specifically: transverse upsetting is carried out, the upsetting ratio is 1.5-2, longitudinal drawing is carried out after upsetting is finished, the drawing ratio is 1.8-2, and after drawing is finished, the annealing at 1240 +/-20 ℃ is carried out for 2-3 hours.
8. The production method according to claim 5, wherein in the drawing process of the step 2), the first reduction amount is controlled to be 20-30mm per fire, and the intermediate pass ensures that the heavy reduction amount is 120-150mm.
9. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that the forging process has a start forging temperature of 980 ℃ or above and a finish forging temperature of 850 ℃.
10. An H13 ingot forging hot work die steel produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116377186A (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-07-04 | 浙江天基重工机械有限公司 | Preparation method of plastic die steel |
| CN116516119A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-08-01 | 扬州诚德重工有限公司 | Process for rapidly producing large thick plate by hot working die steel |
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2022
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116377186A (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-07-04 | 浙江天基重工机械有限公司 | Preparation method of plastic die steel |
| CN116377186B (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-11-07 | 浙江天基重工机械有限公司 | Preparation method of plastic die steel |
| CN116516119A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-08-01 | 扬州诚德重工有限公司 | Process for rapidly producing large thick plate by hot working die steel |
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