CN111604448B - Forging method of high-temperature alloy GH4099 - Google Patents
Forging method of high-temperature alloy GH4099 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111604448B CN111604448B CN202010507981.4A CN202010507981A CN111604448B CN 111604448 B CN111604448 B CN 111604448B CN 202010507981 A CN202010507981 A CN 202010507981A CN 111604448 B CN111604448 B CN 111604448B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
Abstract
The invention discloses a forging method of a high-temperature alloy GH4099, which specifically comprises the following steps: before forging, homogenizing GH4099 steel ingots at 1150 ℃ for 48 h; preheating a forging furnace, placing the homogenized steel ingot in the forging furnace, forging and heating in a neutral atmosphere, wherein the temperature in the forging furnace is less than or equal to 500 ℃, slowly heating to 890-910 ℃, and preserving heat for more than 1 h; finally, slowly heating to 1140-1160 ℃, and preserving the heat for more than 1 h; forging the steel ingot after forging and heating, wherein the open forging temperature is more than or equal to 1050 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 980 ℃; then placing the steel ingot in a forging furnace at 1140-1160 ℃, preserving heat for more than 1h at 1140-1160 ℃, repeating the steps after heat preservation is finished, and completing the forging process, wherein the deformation of each forging is more than or equal to 10%; and finally, placing the forged steel ingot in a preheated hot furnace, and slowly cooling the steel ingot to room temperature by air. In the forging and heating process, the steel ingot is uniformly heated, so that the cracking of the forged steel ingot can be effectively avoided, and the yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy forging, and particularly relates to a high-temperature alloy GH4099 forging method.
Background
GH4099 is a high-alloying nickel-based aging plate alloyCobaltTungsten, molybdenum and other elements are subjected to solid solution strengthening, and elements such as aluminum, titanium and the like are added for aging strengthening, so that the alloy has higher heat strength, can be used for a long time below 900 ℃, and has the maximum working temperature of 1000 ℃. The alloy has stable structure, satisfactory cold and hot processing forming and welding process performance, and is suitable for manufacturing aerospace vehicle cowlings, aeroengine combustion chambers, afterburner chambers and other high-temperature plate bearing welding structural members.
The existing forging process parameters of the high-temperature alloy GH4099 are as follows: the forging charging temperature is less than or equal to 700 ℃, the heating temperature is 1120-1160 ℃, the open forging temperature is not lower than 1050 ℃, and the final forging temperature is not lower than 980 ℃. Because the high-temperature alloy GH4099 steel ingot is thick, the steel ingot is easy to crack due to nonuniform heating and nonuniform deformation in the forging process, and the forged steel ingot is shown in figure 1; meanwhile, because elements such as Si, Al, S, P, B, Al, Ti and the like in the high-temperature alloy are easy to form sulfides, oxides and silicates with low melting points through segregation among dendrites, the hot working plasticity is reduced, and because of the complex alloying proportion and high alloying of the high-temperature alloy GH4099, forging cracks and uneven grain size are easy to generate in the forging process, so that the yield is low, generally 51%.
Therefore, how to avoid cracking of the forged steel ingot and improve the forging yield of the high-temperature alloy GH4099 is a technical problem expected to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-temperature alloy GH4099 forging method which is uniform in heating, capable of avoiding cracking of forged steel ingots and capable of improving yield.
A forging method of a high-temperature alloy GH4099 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) before forging, homogenizing GH4099 steel ingots at 1150 ℃ for 48 h;
(2) preheating a forging furnace, placing the steel ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step (1) in the forging furnace, forging and heating in a neutral atmosphere, wherein the temperature in the forging furnace is less than or equal to 500 ℃, slowly heating to 890-910 ℃, and preserving heat for more than 1 h; finally, slowly heating to 1140-1160 ℃, and preserving the heat for more than 1 h;
(3) forging the steel ingot obtained in the step (2) after forging and heating, wherein the open forging temperature is more than or equal to 1050 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 980 ℃;
(4) placing the steel ingot obtained in the step (3) in the forging furnace in the step (2), preserving heat for more than 1h at 1140-1160 ℃, and repeating the step (3) after the heat preservation is finished;
(5) repeating the step (4) until the forging process is completed, wherein the deformation amount of each forging is more than or equal to 10%;
(6) and (5) placing the steel ingot obtained after forging in the step (5) in a preheated hot furnace, and then closing the hot furnace to slowly cool the steel ingot to room temperature.
Further, the temperature rise rate in the step (2) is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h.
Further, the temperature of the hot furnace preheated in the step (6) is more than or equal to 500 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention eliminates or reduces the structural state that the intragranular components are not uniform and deviate from balance under the actual crystallization condition through homogenization treatment and diffusion, improves the technological property and the service performance of the alloy material, effectively ensures the heating uniformity of the steel ingot by heating and preserving heat twice in the forging and heating process, can effectively improve the distribution state of the steel carbide and the crystal grains by controlling the deformation amount in the later forging process and then slowly cooling, thereby eliminating the structural defects of low-power coarse crystals and high-power crystal grains and effectively improving the forging yield of the GH4099 steel ingot.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing of a steel ingot forged by a conventional forging method.
FIG. 2-picture of ingot forged by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
A forging method of a high-temperature alloy GH4099 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) before forging, homogenizing GH4099 steel ingots at 1150 ℃ for 48 h;
thus, the homogenization treatment can eliminate or reduce the structural state that the intragranular components are not uniform and deviate from balance under the actual crystallization condition through diffusion, and the processing performance and the service performance of the alloy material are improved.
(2) Preheating a forging furnace, placing the steel ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step (1) in the forging furnace, forging and heating in a neutral atmosphere, wherein the temperature in the forging furnace is less than or equal to 500 ℃, slowly heating to 890-910 ℃, and preserving heat for more than 1 h; finally, slowly heating to 1140-1160 ℃, and preserving the heat for more than 1 h;
therefore, the consistency of the internal temperature and the external temperature of the steel ingot can be ensured through the two-time slow temperature rise and the two-time heat preservation, so that the temperature of the steel ingot is uniformly heated, the deformation resistance of the steel ingot can be reduced after the steel ingot is heated to a high temperature above the recrystallization temperature, the plasticity is improved, the uniformity of the deformation can be effectively ensured in the forging process, and the steel ingot is prevented from cracking.
(3) Forging the steel ingot obtained by the forging heating in the step (2), wherein the open forging temperature is more than or equal to 1050 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 980 ℃;
(4) placing the steel ingot obtained in the step (3) in the forging furnace in the step (2), preserving heat for more than 1h at 1140-1160 ℃, and repeating the step (3) after the heat preservation is finished;
(5) repeating the step (4) until the forging process is completed, wherein the deformation amount of each forging is more than or equal to 10%;
when the steel ingot is forged, the steel ingot must be lightly hammered to open the billet, and the hammering force can be increased after the cast structure is broken. The deformation is controlled, the deformation per fire is not less than 10 percent, coarse grain structures are prevented, and the yield is improved. The maximum deformation is limited to the absence of cracks. In actual operation, a plurality of steel ingots in the same batch are heated in a forging furnace, one steel ingot is forged first, after the forging is finished, the steel ingot is placed in the forging furnace for heat preservation, another steel ingot is forged at the moment, and the steps are repeated so as to finish the forging of all the steel ingots in the same batch.
Defects in the forging process need to be cleaned in time, so that the defects are prevented from being enlarged. If more or deeper cracks appear, forging should be stopped immediately. When the deformation is smooth, the deformation speed and the hammering force are also controlled to prevent the heavy hammer and the rapid deformation from causing internal cracking and even explosion.
(5) And (4) placing the steel ingot obtained after forging in the step (4) in a preheated hot furnace, and then closing the hot furnace to slowly cool the steel ingot to room temperature.
Therefore, the condition of quenching of the forged steel ingot can be effectively avoided, and the yield of the forged steel ingot is further improved. During specific implementation, the forged steel ingots can be placed in a forging furnace, the forging furnace is closed after all the forged steel ingots of the same batch are completely forged, and air cooling is carried out until the temperature is room temperature.
In specific implementation, the heating rate in the step (2) is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h.
In specific implementation, the temperature of the hot furnace preheated in the step (6) is more than or equal to 500 ℃.
Example 1
Homogenizing a batch of GH4099 steel ingots at 1150 ℃ for 48h, simultaneously heating a forging furnace, when the temperature in the forging furnace is 480 ℃, placing the steel ingots in the forging furnace for forging and heating, ensuring that the burned natural gas is neutral, slowly heating for 5h, raising the temperature to 900 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2 h; slowly heating for 3h again to 1150, and keeping the temperature for 1.5 h; then forging the steel ingot after forging and heating, wherein the deformation per fire is 10%, then placing the steel ingot into a forging furnace for heat preservation for a period of time, forging again until the forging of all the steel ingots in the batch is completed, and placing the steel ingots in a preheated hot furnace for air cooling to room temperature.
The yield of the steel ingots in the batch reaches 60 percent.
Example 2
Homogenizing a batch of GH4099 steel ingots at 1150 ℃ for 48h, simultaneously heating a forging furnace, when the temperature in the forging furnace is 450 ℃, placing the steel ingots in the forging furnace for forging and heating, ensuring that the burnt natural gas is neutral, then slowly heating for 4.6h, raising the temperature to 910 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1.5 h; slowly heating for 2.5h again, heating to 1140 ℃, and preserving heat for 1.5 h; then forging the steel ingot after forging and heating, wherein the deformation amount per fire is 12%, then placing the steel ingot into a forging furnace, keeping the temperature for a period of time, forging again, and placing the steel ingot into a preheated hot furnace to be cooled to room temperature after finishing forging all the steel ingots in the batch.
The yield of the steel ingots in the batch reaches 60.5 percent. The forged steel ingot is shown in fig. 2.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned examples of the present invention are only examples for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Variations and modifications in other variations will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. It is not exhaustive here for all embodiments. All obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A forging method of a high-temperature alloy GH4099 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) before forging, homogenizing GH4099 steel ingots at 1150 ℃ for 48 h;
(2) preheating a forging furnace, placing the steel ingot subjected to homogenization treatment in the step (1) in the forging furnace, forging and heating in a neutral atmosphere, wherein the temperature in the forging furnace is less than or equal to 500 ℃, slowly heating to 890-910 ℃, and preserving heat for more than 1 h; finally, slowly heating to 1140-1160 ℃, and preserving heat for more than 1 h; the heating rate is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h;
(3) forging the steel ingot obtained in the step (2) after forging and heating, wherein the open forging temperature is more than or equal to 1050 ℃, and the finish forging temperature is more than or equal to 980 ℃;
(4) placing the steel ingot obtained in the step (3) in the forging furnace in the step (2), preserving heat for more than 1h at 1140-1160 ℃, and repeating the step (3) after the heat preservation is finished;
(5) repeating the step (4) until the forging process is completed, wherein the deformation amount of each forging is more than or equal to 10%;
(6) placing the steel ingot obtained after forging in the step (5) in a preheated hot furnace, and then closing the hot furnace to slowly cool the steel ingot to room temperature;
the temperature of the hot furnace preheated in the step (6) is more than or equal to 500 ℃.
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| CN106756683B (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-08-14 | 西北工业大学 | Heating means before a kind of deformation of GH4169 alloys |
| CN108515132B (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2019-04-16 | 宁波工程学院 | A kind of hot-die forging process of ni-base wrought superalloy double-properties turbine disk |
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