CN113857283B - Forming method of high-speed tool steel bar - Google Patents
Forming method of high-speed tool steel bar Download PDFInfo
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- CN113857283B CN113857283B CN202110897845.5A CN202110897845A CN113857283B CN 113857283 B CN113857283 B CN 113857283B CN 202110897845 A CN202110897845 A CN 202110897845A CN 113857283 B CN113857283 B CN 113857283B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/04—Cooling or heating of press heads, dies or mandrels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for forming a high-speed tool steel bar stock, which comprises the following steps: calculating the size of a double alloy blank; smelting a high-speed tool steel casting blank; producing austenitic steel seamless steel pipes; sawing and cutting the sections; fifthly, machining the raw materials; preparing a double alloy blank; vacuumizing the double alloy blank; machining a dual alloy blank; one is heated to 1120 ℃; electromagnetic induction heating is carried out at 1150-1160 ℃; b, extruding and forming dual alloys; is annealed; straightening the pressure; and (3) removing the outer austenitic steel to obtain the high-speed tool steel bar stock. The invention prepares the double-layer blank, and forms the double-layer blank through a hot extrusion process, thereby avoiding the defects of extrusion cracking caused by rapid heat dissipation, poor plasticity and high-temperature easy oxidation of high-speed steel and improving the qualification rate of products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel forming production, and relates to a forming method of a high-speed tool steel bar.
Background
Because coarse reticular eutectic carbide exists in the smelted high-speed steel ingot, the steel becomes brittle. The coarse eutectic carbide cannot be eliminated by a heat treatment method, and can break the net distribution only by a plastic deformation method. The high-speed steel alloy has high content, poor thermoplasticity and narrow hot working temperature interval, and the existing mature manufacturing technology is as follows: the forging process is used for upsetting and drawing to crush carbide, so that the carbide is fine in size and uniform in distribution, and the high hardness and good toughness of the material are obtained. However, the forging process has small single-pass deformation, multiple heats are needed to process the product to reach the size of the finished product, the production rhythm is slow, and the working procedure time is long. The hot extrusion process is to form under the action of three-dimensional compressive stress, compress and deform the material, thereby being beneficial to eliminating internal defects and improving compactness, and being widely applied to the production of difficult-to-deform alloy. The high-speed steel bar material is directly produced by an extrusion process, the oxide skin is thicker after high-temperature heating, the temperature is reduced rapidly, the external surface of the extruded bar material is scratched and cracked, the material yield is low, and the die is damaged greatly.
At present, domestic hot-rolled carbon structural steel, alloy steel bar production lines and wire production line processes and equipment are mature, and hot-rolled carbon structural steel, alloy steel bar and wire production lines also have successful cases. However, the existing rod and wire production line has the following common problems: wires with different specifications are produced on one line, so that production is discontinuous, production efficiency is low, and particularly, the technological method and equipment configuration of the existing production line cannot meet the product quality requirement due to the steel quality characteristics of high-speed tools.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for forming a high-speed tool steel bar, which is used for forming the high-speed tool steel bar by preparing double-layer blanks, so that extrusion cracking caused by rapid heat dissipation, poor plasticity and high-temperature easy oxidation of high-speed steel is avoided, and the qualification rate is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the high-speed tool steel bar is formed by a hot extrusion method, wherein the high-speed tool steel bar is made of W6Mo5Cr4V2 in GB/T9943. The molding steps are as follows:
according to the size of a finished bar, calculating the size of a double-alloy blank according to a volume invariance law;
secondly, smelting a high-speed tool steel casting blank by adopting an electric furnace and electroslag remelting method;
thirdly, producing an austenitic steel (06 Cr19Ni 10) seamless steel tube in GB13296 by a hot piercing process;
fourthly, blanking, namely sawing and segmenting the high-speed tool steel casting blank and the austenitic steel seamless steel pipe, wherein the length of the high-speed tool steel casting blank and the austenitic steel seamless steel pipe is 500-1000 mm, and the high-speed tool steel casting blank and the austenitic steel seamless steel pipe are matched with each other in equal length for use;
respectively machining the prepared raw materials, machining the inner surface, the outer surface and the end face of the austenitic steel seamless steel tube, and machining the outer surface and the end face of the high-speed tool steel casting blank, wherein the inner diameter of the austenitic steel seamless steel tube is 0.1-0.2 mm larger than the outer diameter of the high-speed tool steel casting blank;
sixthly, placing the high-speed tool steel casting blank into an austenitic steel seamless steel pipe to prepare a double-alloy blank;
vacuumizing the double alloy blank, and sealing and welding the two ends;
machining a double alloy blank, and machining a round angle with the radius of 30-35 mm on the outer circle of the head;
uniformly heating the dual-alloy blank to 1120 ℃ in a resistance furnace;
the temperature of the outer surface is heated to 1150-1160 ℃ by electromagnetic induction;
extruding and molding the double alloy blank by using a 6300T horizontal extruder, preheating a die before extrusion, and lubricating the outer surface of the blank by using glass powder;
after extrusion, annealing is performed by a heat transfer annealing furnace in time, and air cooling is forbidden;
carrying out pressure straightening on the annealed double-alloy bar stock;
and removing the outer austenitic steel by adopting a machining mode to prepare the high-speed tool steel bar stock.
The wall thickness of the outer layer of the double alloy blank is 5-15 mm, and the diameter of the inner layer of the double alloy blank is 200-phi 400mm. The dual alloy blank enters a resistance furnace to be heated to 495-500 ℃, and the temperature rising time from the furnace to 500 ℃ is 1.5-2.5 h, and the temperature rising time is 2-2.5 h, so that the defect of steel ingots caused by the too high heating speed is prevented. Continuously heating to 1100 ℃, heating for 2-3 h, and preserving heat for 2-3 h at 1100 ℃. Heating to 1120 ℃, heating for 1-2 h, and preserving heat for 2-4 h at 1120 ℃. The preheating temperature of the die before extrusion is 250-450 ℃, and the extrusion die is an extrusion cylinder.
The extrusion speed of extrusion molding is 50 mm/s-150 mm/s, and the extrusion compression ratio is 4-10. Before the high-speed tool steel bar enters the annealing furnace, the furnace temperature is kept at 400-550 ℃, 785 ℃ is kept for 8-10 h after all high-speed tool steel bar enters the furnace, then the temperature is reduced to 500 ℃ for 10-20 h, and the furnace door is opened to be cooled to 300-350 ℃ for discharging.
According to the forming method of the high-speed tool steel bar stock, the double-layer blank is prepared by wrapping the austenitic stainless steel 06Cr19Ni10 on the outer wall of the high-speed steel W6Mo5Cr4V2 electroslag casting blank, and the double-layer blank is formed through a hot extrusion process, so that the defects of high-speed steel, such as rapid heat dissipation, poor plasticity and extrusion cracking caused by high-temperature easy oxidation, are avoided, and the qualification rate of products is improved. The invention omits the complex process of multi-fire forming of the forging method, shortens the production time, improves the production efficiency and rhythm, is beneficial to reducing the energy consumption and improves the competitiveness of enterprises.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a production system for forming high-speed tool steel bar stock;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of an extruder;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a structure of a resistance furnace;
wherein: 1-machining equipment, 2-double alloy billet preparation equipment, 3-double alloy billet machining equipment, 4-resistance furnace, 5-electromagnetic induction furnace, 6-extruder, 7-annealing furnace, 8-straightener, 9-post-machining equipment, 11-base, 12-die-pad-die holder assembly, 13-extrusion-cylinder jacket, 14-extrusion cylinder, 15-extrusion-cylinder liner, 16-extrusion pad, 17-core rod, 18-needle support, 19-extrusion rod, 21-furnace base, 22-observation hole, 23-furnace door, 24-thermocouple, 25-furnace shell, 26-electric furnace wire, 27-refractory material, 28-heat preservation layer, 29-furnace frame.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples and drawings. The scope of the invention is not limited to the examples, and any modifications within the scope of the claims are within the scope of the invention.
The high-speed tool steel bar stock is molded by a hot extrusion method, and is molded and produced by a production system for molding the high-speed tool steel bar stock. The high-speed tool steel is made of W6Mo5Cr4V2 in GB/T9943, and the specification of bar products is phi 120mm (outer diameter).
The production system for forming the high-speed tool steel bar stock is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a machining device 1, a double alloy blank preparation device 2, a double alloy blank machining device 3, a resistance furnace 4, an electromagnetic induction furnace 5, an extruder 6, an annealing furnace 7, a straightener 8 and a post-machining device 9. The machining equipment, the double alloy blank preparation equipment, the double alloy blank machining equipment, the resistance furnace, the electromagnetic induction furnace, the extruder, the annealing furnace, the straightener and the post-machining equipment are sequentially arranged. As shown in FIG. 2, extruder 6 is a 6300T horizontal extruder and is comprised of a base 11, a die-pad-die holder assembly 12, an outer barrel jacket 13, an outer barrel 14, an inner barrel liner 15, an extrusion pad 16, a mandrel 17, a needle support 18, and an extrusion stem 19. As shown in fig. 3, the electric resistance furnace 4 is a box-type electric furnace, and comprises a furnace base 21, a viewing hole 22, a furnace door 23, a thermocouple 24, a furnace shell 25, a wire heater 26, a refractory 27, a heat insulating layer 28 and a furnace frame 29.
The invention relates to a forming method of a high-speed tool steel bar, which comprises the following specific steps:
calculating the theoretical size of an extruded bar to be phi 125mm (the outer layer wall thickness is 2.5 mm/the inner layer diameter is 120 mm) multiplied by Lmm (determined by the size of a double alloy blank) according to the size of a finished bar and the law of unchanged volume; the theoretical dimensions of the double alloy blank are calculated to be phi 247mm (outer layer wall thickness 4.94 mm/inner layer diameter 237.12 mm) multiplied by 600mm (length); and calculating the size of the double alloy blank.
Secondly, smelting a high-speed tool steel casting blank by adopting an electric furnace and electroslag remelting method; the high speed tool steel casting size was phi 247mm (outer diameter) x 1800mm (length).
Thirdly, producing an austenitic steel (06 Cr19Ni 10) seamless steel tube in GB13296 by a hot piercing process; the austenitic steel seamless steel pipe size was phi 253mm (outer diameter) ×12mm (wall thickness) ×1800mm (length).
And fourthly, blanking, namely sawing and segmenting the high-speed tool steel casting blank and the austenitic steel seamless steel pipe, wherein the length is 600mm, and the high-speed tool steel casting blank and the austenitic steel seamless steel pipe are matched with each other in equal length.
And fifthly, respectively machining the prepared raw materials by using a machining device 1, and machining the inner surface, the outer surface and the end face of the austenitic steel seamless steel pipe, wherein the machined dimensions phi 247mm (outer diameter) are multiplied by 4.84mm (wall thickness). The outer surface and end face of the high-speed tool steel casting blank are machined, and the machined dimension phi 237.12mm (outer diameter).
Sixthly, placing the high-speed tool steel casting blank into an austenitic steel seamless steel pipe, and preparing a double-alloy blank by using double-alloy blank preparation equipment 2.
And vacuumizing the double alloy blank, and sealing and welding the two ends.
And processing the double alloy blank by a double alloy blank processing device 3, and processing a round angle with the radius of 30mm on the outer circle of the head.
The double alloy blank is heated uniformly in a resistance furnace 4, the double alloy blank enters the resistance furnace to be heated to 495-500 ℃, and the heating time from the furnace to 500 ℃ is 1.5-2.5 h. Slowly heating to 850 ℃ for 2-2.5 h, and preventing steel ingot defects caused by too high heating speed. Then the temperature is increased from 850 ℃ to 1100 ℃, the heating time is 2 to 3 hours, and the temperature is kept for 2 to 3 hours at 1100 ℃. Heating from 1100 ℃ to 1120 ℃ for 1-2 h, and preserving heat for 2-4 h at 1120 ℃.
The temperature of the outer surface of the electromagnetic induction furnace 5 is heated to 1150-1160 ℃ by electromagnetic induction;
extruding and forming the double alloy blank (into a double alloy bar) by adopting a 6300T horizontal extruder, preheating a die extrusion cylinder before extrusion, wherein the preheating temperature is 250-450 ℃, and lubricating the outer surface of the blank by glass powder before extrusion; the extrusion speed of the extruder is 50mm/s to 150mm/s.
After extrusion, the annealing furnace 7 is heated in time, the annealing furnace is heated to 400-550 ℃ for heat preservation before the double alloy bar is put into the furnace, the temperature of the double alloy bar is heated to 785 ℃ after all the double alloy bar is put into the furnace, and the heat preservation is carried out for 8-10 h. Then cooling to 500 ℃ for 10-20 h, opening the furnace door to cool to 300-350 ℃ and discharging.
The annealed double-alloy bar stock is subjected to pressure straightening in a straightener 8;
and the outer layer austenitic steel is removed by a machining mode by using a post-machining device 9, so that the high-speed tool steel bar stock is manufactured.
Detecting a high-speed tool steel bar: and detecting the uniformity level of the eutectic carbide according to the GB/T14979 standard, wherein the non-uniformity level of the eutectic carbide is 6-7. And detecting the grade of large-particle carbide according to the GB/T9943 standard, wherein the grade of the large-particle carbide is 5-6. The macrostructure was examined according to GB/T1979, and as a result, the center was loose at 0.5 level, generally loose at 0 level, and ingot type segregation at 0 level. Hardness after annealing was measured according to GB/T231.1 standard, and Brinell was 230-235 HBW.
Claims (5)
1. A method for forming a high-speed tool steel bar is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the high-speed tool steel is made of W6Mo5Cr4V2 in GB/T9943, and the high-speed tool steel bar stock is formed by a hot extrusion method; the molding step is as follows:
according to the size of a finished bar, calculating the size of a double-alloy blank according to a volume invariance law;
secondly, smelting a high-speed tool steel casting blank by adopting an electric furnace and electroslag remelting method;
thirdly, producing the austenitic steel seamless steel tube in GB13296 by a hot punching process;
fourthly, blanking, namely sawing and segmenting the high-speed tool steel casting blank and the austenitic steel seamless steel pipe, wherein the length of the high-speed tool steel casting blank and the austenitic steel seamless steel pipe is 500-1000 mm, and the high-speed tool steel casting blank and the austenitic steel seamless steel pipe are matched with each other in equal length for use;
respectively machining the prepared raw materials, machining the inner surface, the outer surface and the end face of the austenitic steel seamless steel tube, and machining the outer surface and the end face of the high-speed tool steel casting blank, wherein the inner diameter of the austenitic steel seamless steel tube is 0.1-0.2 mm larger than the outer diameter of the high-speed tool steel casting blank;
the method comprises the steps of (1) sixth, placing a high-speed tool steel casting blank into an austenitic steel seamless steel pipe, and wrapping a layer of austenitic stainless steel 06Cr19Ni10 on the outer wall of a high-speed steel W6Mo5Cr4V2 electroslag casting blank to prepare a double-layer blank, so as to prepare a double-alloy blank;
vacuumizing the double alloy blank, and sealing and welding the two ends;
machining a double alloy blank, and machining a round angle with the radius of 30-35 mm on the outer circle of the head;
uniformly heating the dual-alloy blank to 1120 ℃ in a resistance furnace;
the temperature of the outer surface is heated to 1150-1160 ℃ by electromagnetic induction;
extruding and molding the double alloy blank by using a 6300T horizontal extruder, preheating a die before extrusion, and lubricating the outer surface of the blank by using glass powder;
after extrusion, annealing by a heat transfer annealing furnace in time;
carrying out pressure straightening on the annealed double-alloy bar stock;
removing the outer austenitic steel by adopting a machining mode to prepare a high-speed tool steel bar stock;
before the high-speed tool steel bar enters the annealing furnace, the furnace temperature is kept at 400-550 ℃, the temperature of 785 ℃ is kept for 8-10 h after all high-speed tool steel bar enters the furnace, then the temperature is reduced to 500 ℃ for 10-20 h, and the furnace door is opened to be cooled to 300-350 ℃ and then the steel bar is discharged.
2. The method of forming high speed tool steel bar stock according to claim 1, wherein: the wall thickness of the outer layer of the double alloy blank is 5-15 mm, and the diameter of the inner layer of the double alloy blank is phi 200-phi 400mm.
3. The method of forming high speed tool steel bar stock according to claim 1, wherein: the dual alloy blank enters a resistance furnace to be heated to 495-500 ℃, and the heating time from the furnace to 500 ℃ is 1.5-2.5 h; slowly heating to 850 ℃ for 2-2.5 h; continuously heating to 1100 ℃, heating for 2-3 h, and preserving heat for 2-3 h at 1100 ℃; heating to 1120 ℃, heating for 1-2 h, and preserving heat for 2-4 h at 1120 ℃.
4. The method of forming high speed tool steel bar stock according to claim 1, wherein: the preheating temperature of the die before extrusion is 250-450 ℃, and the extrusion die is an extrusion cylinder.
5. The method of forming high speed tool steel bar stock according to claim 1, wherein: the extrusion speed of the extrusion molding is 50 mm/s-150 mm/s, and the extrusion compression ratio is 4-10.
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