CN110014106B - Preparation method of large-size titanium alloy hollow blank - Google Patents
Preparation method of large-size titanium alloy hollow blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN110014106B CN110014106B CN201910234514.6A CN201910234514A CN110014106B CN 110014106 B CN110014106 B CN 110014106B CN 201910234514 A CN201910234514 A CN 201910234514A CN 110014106 B CN110014106 B CN 110014106B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/22—Making metal-coated products; Making products from two or more metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/008—Using a protective surface layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- Forging (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a large-size titanium alloy hollow blank, which comprises the steps of coating a titanium alloy ingot with a hard sheath, coating a heating anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the sheath, preheating the sheath in a heating furnace, and heating to 150-200 ℃ above the beta phase transition point of the titanium alloy ingot; and (3) covering the titanium alloy hollow blank on a large blank-making press for multiple closed upsetting, and punching a deformed titanium alloy ingot to obtain the titanium alloy hollow blank. The invention solves the problem of preparing large hollow blanks with the diameter of more than 950mm, avoids the problems of surface cracks and wrinkles and ensures that the blanks deform uniformly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hot working and manufacturing of nonferrous metals, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a large-size titanium alloy hollow blank.
Background
The titanium alloy ingot has a thick cast structure, and a small press is used for processing a titanium alloy extruded hollow blank, generally forging the ingot into a bar material by multiple times of fire, and then mechanically processing an inner hole. The structure of the cast titanium alloy ingot with the diameter of more than or equal to phi 600mm is thicker. In order to ensure sufficient disruption of the as-cast structure, the forgeability must be increased, in particular to ensure sufficient deformation of the core of the ingot. Therefore, large-sized titanium alloy bars generally need repeated upsetting, drawing, grinding and cleaning, and have the problems of low material utilization rate, long processing period and the like.
The invention patent of application No. 201110411752.3 discloses a method for processing a TC4 titanium alloy large-specification bar:
1. cogging and forging a TC4 titanium alloy ingot for 2-3 times to obtain a forged blank;
2. repeatedly upsetting and lengthening the forging stock for forging for 2-3 times;
3. repeatedly upsetting and lengthening the forged blank for forging for 3-5 times;
4. and (3) chamfering, rounding and forging the forged blank for 2 times to obtain a bar with the diameter of 200-400 mm and the length of not less than 2500 m.
The method needs 9-13 fire times before and after, and the traditional process is more difficult to prepare the large-specification (more than phi 950 mm) titanium alloy ingot casting hollow blank than the large-specification titanium alloy bar, so that no mature and economic method exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a method for preparing a large-size titanium alloy hollow blank, which solves the problem of preparing a large-size hollow blank with the diameter of more than 950mm, avoids the problems of surface cracks and wrinkles and ensures uniform blank deformation.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the preparation method of the large-size titanium alloy hollow blank comprises the following steps:
coating a titanium alloy ingot by using a hard coating sleeve to form an assembly; coating heating anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the sheath, putting the assembly into a heating furnace for preheating, and then heating to 150-200 ℃ above the beta transformation point of the titanium alloy ingot for heat preservation;
and performing closed upsetting on the assembly on a large-scale blank making press for many times, and punching a hole on the deformed titanium alloy ingot to prepare the titanium alloy hollow blank.
Further, the diameter of the titanium alloy ingot is 600-700mm, and the diameter of the titanium alloy hollow blank is larger than 950 mm.
Furthermore, the upsetting ratio of closed upsetting is 2.0-2.5, and the perforation ratio is less than or equal to 1.3.
Further, the assembly was placed on a blank making press above 15000T for multiple close upsetting.
Further, heating the assembly to 1170 +/-10 ℃ by adopting a gas heating furnace, discharging and upsetting; returning to the furnace and heating to 1050 +/-10 ℃, performing secondary upsetting, and then performing backward extrusion and punching.
Further, the hard cover comprises: the device comprises a sleeve, an upper cushion block, a lower cushion block and a connecting pin; the upper cushion block is positioned at the upper part of the bag sleeve, and the lower cushion block is positioned at the lower part of the bag sleeve; the side wall of the lower part of the sheath cylinder is provided with a pin hole, the side wall of the lower cushion block is provided with a fixed counter bore, and a connecting pin passes through the pin hole and is inserted in the fixed counter bore; the sleeve is sand blasted and coated with a heating anti-oxidation coating.
Further, the sheath cylinder is made of stainless steel material, the wall thickness is more than or equal to 15mm, and the inner diameter is more than 5mm of the diameter of the titanium alloy ingot; the upper cushion block is made of low-carbon steel, has the same diameter as the titanium alloy ingot and is 180mm higher than the ladle sleeve after being assembled; the lower cushion block is made of low-carbon steel, the diameter of the lower cushion block is the same as that of the titanium alloy ingot, and the height of the lower cushion block after upsetting is larger than 100 mm.
Further, performing sand blasting on the combined sheath, coating a heating anti-oxidation coating on the outer surface of the sheath to prevent surface oxidation in the heating process, wherein the heating anti-oxidation coating adopts the heating anti-oxidation coating containing eucryptite or magnesium aluminum silicate, the weight percentage of the eucryptite in the heating anti-oxidation coating is 1-5%, and the weight percentage of the magnesium aluminum silicate in the heating anti-oxidation coating is 1-5%.
Furthermore, the temperature of the beta transformation point is 990-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 1 hour every 100 mm.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the invention solves the problem of preparing large hollow blanks with the diameter of more than 950mm, avoids the problems of surface cracks and wrinkles, and ensures that the blanks and the sheath deform uniformly. The invention utilizes the equipment advantages of a 1.5-ten-thousand-ton vertical extrusion unit, adopts the technological modes of ingot casting cladding, closed upsetting and backward extrusion punching to prepare the large-size titanium alloy hollow blank, and can effectively overcome the problems of low plasticity, easy surface crack and wrinkle and the like of a titanium alloy ingot. Compared with the traditional hollow blank preparation process, the invention can improve the production efficiency and the product yield and has obvious economic benefit.
The invention can effectively solve the problems of surface cracks and wrinkles of the hollow billet caused by large grains and low plasticity of the titanium alloy ingot; secondly, the blank is sheathed once and can be upset for many times, thus solving the problem of manufacturing a large hollow blank with the diameter of more than 950mm by adopting a cast ingot with the diameter of 600 mm; and thirdly, upper and lower process cushion blocks are reserved for the extrusion process, so that the subsequent process is simplified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an ingot jacket assembly according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a deformed hollow blank in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description sufficiently illustrates specific embodiments of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to practice and reproduce it.
The preparation method of the large-size titanium alloy hollow blank specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: and coating the titanium alloy ingot 1 by using a hard coating sleeve to form the assembly. Coating heating anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the sheath;
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the assembly of the ingot jacket of the present invention, i.e., the assembly.
The wrap includes: the device comprises a sleeve 2, an upper cushion block 3, a lower cushion block 4 and a connecting pin 5; the upper cushion block 3 is positioned at the upper part of the packing sleeve 2, and the lower cushion block 4 is positioned at the lower part of the packing sleeve 2; the side wall of the lower part of the packing sleeve 2 is provided with a pin hole, and the side wall of the lower cushion block 4 is provided with a fixed counter bore; the connecting pin 5 penetrates through the pin hole and is inserted in the fixed counter bore, and the lower cushion block 4 is prevented from falling off. The sleeve 2 is made of stainless steel material, the wall thickness is more than or equal to 15mm, and the inner diameter is more than 5mm of the diameter of the titanium alloy ingot 1. The upper cushion block 3 is made of low-carbon steel, the diameter of the upper cushion block is the same as that of the titanium alloy ingot 1, and the thickness of the upper cushion block is ensured to be 180mm higher than the height of the ladle sleeve 2 after assembly. The lower cushion block 4 is made of low-carbon steel, the diameter of the lower cushion block is the same as that of the titanium alloy ingot 1, the thickness of the lower cushion block is calculated according to the total upsetting ratio, and the height of the lower cushion block after upsetting is ensured to be larger than 100 mm.
Peeling a titanium alloy ingot 1 with the diameter phi of 600mm to 700mm, removing surface defects of the titanium alloy ingot 1 by adopting a polishing method without cutting off a dead head;
firstly, a lower cushion block 4 is placed at the bottom in a sheath cylinder 2, the lower cushion block 4 is ensured to be flush with the bottom of the sheath cylinder 2, and then the lower cushion block 4 and the sheath cylinder 2 are fixed by a connecting pin 5; and placing the polished titanium alloy ingot 1 above a lower cushion block 4, and then installing an upper cushion block 3. After being combinedThe sheath is sand-blasted, and the outer surface of the sheath is coated with heating anti-oxidation coating (adopting heating anti-oxidation coating containing eucryptite or magnesium aluminum silicate, wherein the eucryptite (Li) is2O·Al2O3·2SiO2) 1-5% by weight of magnesium aluminum silicate (Mg)2Al4Si5O18) 1-5% by weight) and prevents surface oxidation during heating. The heating anti-oxidation coating forms a compact and continuous oxide layer after being heated at high temperature, and the gap among the sleeve 2, the upper cushion block 3, the lower cushion block 4 and the connecting pin 5 is closed.
Step 2: preheating the assembly in a heating furnace, and then heating to 150-200 ℃ above the beta transformation point (990-1000 ℃) of the titanium alloy ingot 1 (keeping the temperature for 1 hour per 100 mm);
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the deformed hollow blank of the present invention.
And step 3: performing closed upsetting on the assembly on a blank making press with the temperature of more than 15000T for many times, and punching a hole on the deformed titanium alloy ingot 1 to prepare a large-size hollow blank;
the upsetting ratio of closed upsetting is ensured to be 2.0-2.5, and large upsetting deformation is ensured. The perforation ratio is less than or equal to 1.3.
And 4, step 4: and slowly cooling the hollow blank to obtain a hollow blank 6.
Example 1:
materials: TC4 titanium alloy
Hollow blank 6 specification: phi 1125mm x phi 360mm x 690mm
1. Preparing a titanium alloy ingot;
smelting TC4 titanium alloy ingot according to the requirement of GJB220-94, peeling, removing riser, diameter phi 620mm, ingot height 1350mm, ingot weight 1.8 ton, beta-transformation temperature at 995 deg.C.
2. Manufacturing an end cover and a sheath;
(1) a 304 stainless steel cylinder with the specification of 720 × 15 × 1840mm is adopted to manufacture a wrapping sleeve 2;
(2) and an upper cushion block 3 and a lower cushion block 4 (also can be forged pieces) are cut by adopting a thick steel plate.
The upper pad has a thickness of 200mm and a diameter D1. In order to improve the utilization rate of materials, the bottom is added with excess materials for the process, the thickness is 310mm, and the diameter is D1.
3. Coating heating anti-oxidation coating on the outer surface of the sheath;
4. heating the sheath to 1170 +/-10 ℃ by adopting a gas heating furnace;
5. closed upsetting and backward extrusion punching;
(1) heating the titanium alloy ingot 1 to 1170 +/-10 ℃ by adopting a gas heating furnace, discharging, and upsetting in a 900 series of dies by using a 1.5-ton blank making press, wherein the upsetting ratio is 2.1;
(2) and returning to the furnace, adding the mixture to 1050 +/-10 ℃, and upsetting in an 1100 series die by using a 1.5-ton blank making press, wherein the upsetting ratio is 1.47, and carrying out backward extrusion punching, and the punching ratio is 1.1.
6. Slowly cooling;
7. finishing the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow blank, wherein the height of the blank is 690mm, and the outer diameter is phi 1125, so as to obtain the hollow blank 6 meeting the extrusion requirement.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and illustration, rather than of limitation. As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the meets and bounds of the claims, or equivalences of such meets and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a large-size titanium alloy hollow blank comprises the following steps:
coating a titanium alloy ingot by using a hard coating sleeve to form an assembly; the hard capsule comprises: the device comprises a sleeve, an upper cushion block, a lower cushion block and a connecting pin; the upper cushion block is positioned at the upper part of the bag sleeve, and the lower cushion block is positioned at the lower part of the bag sleeve; the side wall of the lower part of the sheath cylinder is provided with a pin hole, the side wall of the lower cushion block is provided with a fixed counter bore, and a connecting pin passes through the pin hole and is inserted in the fixed counter bore; the sleeve is subjected to sand blasting treatment and is coated with heating anti-oxidation coating; coating heating anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the sheath, putting the assembly into a heating furnace for preheating, and then heating to 150-200 ℃ above the beta transformation point of the titanium alloy ingot for heat preservation, wherein the temperature of the beta transformation point is 990-1000 ℃;
and performing closed upsetting on the assembly on a large-scale blank making press for many times, punching a deformed titanium alloy ingot to prepare a titanium alloy hollow blank, wherein the upsetting ratio of the closed upsetting is 2.0-2.5, and the perforation ratio is less than or equal to 1.3.
2. The method for preparing the large-size titanium alloy hollow blank as recited in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the titanium alloy ingot is 600-700mm, and the diameter of the titanium alloy hollow blank is greater than 950 mm.
3. The method of making a large-format titanium alloy hollow billet according to claim 1 in which the assembly is subjected to multiple close-upset operations on a billet-making press above 15000T.
4. The method for preparing a large-size titanium alloy hollow blank according to claim 1, wherein the assembly is heated to 1170 ± 10 ℃ by a gas heating furnace, and then is discharged and upset; returning to the furnace and heating to 1050 +/-10 ℃, carrying out secondary upsetting, and then carrying out backward extrusion and punching.
5. The method for preparing the large-size titanium alloy hollow blank as recited in claim 1, wherein the sheath cylinder is made of stainless steel material, the wall thickness is more than or equal to 15mm, and the inner diameter is more than 5mm of the diameter of the titanium alloy ingot; the upper cushion block is made of low-carbon steel, has the same diameter as the titanium alloy ingot and is 180mm higher than the ladle sleeve after being assembled; the lower cushion block is made of low-carbon steel, the diameter of the lower cushion block is the same as that of the titanium alloy ingot, and the height of the lower cushion block after upsetting is larger than 100 mm.
6. The method for preparing the large-size titanium alloy hollow blank according to claim 1, wherein the combined sheath is subjected to sand blasting, a heating anti-oxidation coating is coated on the outer surface of the sheath to prevent surface oxidation in the heating process, and the heating anti-oxidation coating is a heating anti-oxidation coating containing eucryptite or magnesium aluminum silicate, wherein the weight percentage of the eucryptite in the heating anti-oxidation coating is 1-5%, and the weight percentage of the magnesium aluminum silicate in the heating anti-oxidation coating is 1-5%.
7. The method for preparing the large-size titanium alloy hollow blank according to claim 1, wherein the beta transformation point temperature is 990-1000 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 1 hour every 100 mm.
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