CN112275817A - Equal-channel angular extrusion cogging method for high-temperature alloy cast ingot - Google Patents
Equal-channel angular extrusion cogging method for high-temperature alloy cast ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN112275817A CN112275817A CN202010985735.XA CN202010985735A CN112275817A CN 112275817 A CN112275817 A CN 112275817A CN 202010985735 A CN202010985735 A CN 202010985735A CN 112275817 A CN112275817 A CN 112275817A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/22—Making metal-coated products; Making products from two or more metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention relates to an equal channel angular extrusion cogging method of a high-temperature alloy ingot, which comprises the following steps: step 1) sheathing the high-temperature alloy ingot to form an ingot blank; step 2) carrying out equal channel angular extrusion on the ingot blank for multiple times, preheating the ingot blank and the die and then feeding the preheated ingot blank and the die into an extrusion channel during each equal channel angular extrusion, and arranging a high-temperature-resistant flexible cushion between an extrusion rod and the ingot blank; and 3) removing the sheath outside the ingot blank. The invention mainly aims at the problems of easy cracking of a bar blank, insufficient deformation, difficult obtainment of fine grain structures and the like in the cogging process of the difficultly-deformed high-temperature alloy for the turbine disc, solves the technical bottleneck that uniform fine grain structures are difficult to obtain by single deformation temperature and limited deformation amount, and makes up the defects of the difficult-deformed high-temperature alloy blank making process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hot processing of high-temperature alloy, in particular to an equal-channel angular extrusion cogging method of a high-temperature alloy cast ingot, and particularly relates to a nickel-based high-temperature alloy which is difficult to deform.
Background
The high-alloying novel nickel-based high-temperature alloy becomes a preferred material of an aeroengine turbine disc due to excellent temperature bearing and bearing capacity, the alloy further improves the alloying degree on the basis of the common deformation high-temperature alloy so as to improve the high-temperature performance and the service temperature of the material, and the alloying degree is mainly realized by improving gamma' phase forming elements such as Al, Ti and the like. The continuous increase of the alloying degree causes the rapid deterioration of the hot working plasticity of the material, and the hot working is very difficult. Generally, the alloy with the Al and Ti content exceeding 6 percent and the gamma' phase content exceeding 40 percent is the alloy with the high temperature difficult to deform, and how to break through the critical deformation threshold by optimizing the alloy preparation technology is the key of the alloy with the high temperature difficult to deform and the turbine disk technology thereof.
The homogeneous fine-grained bar of the high-temperature alloy is the basis for preparing the turbine disk, and the obtaining of the homogeneous fine-grained structure depends on the ingot casting to break cast dendrites and refine grains after large deformation. The high-temperature alloy difficult to deform has low thermal process plasticity, deformation is easy to crack, and the conventional quick forging cogging is more and more difficult to adapt to cogging requirements in technical difficulty and process cost. In recent years, domestic extrusion equipment and technology are continuously improved, and hot extrusion cogging of high-temperature alloy is more and more concerned. The hot extrusion improves the hot processing plasticity and reduces the cracking risk by applying three-dimensional compressive stress to the blank, and the preparation of the high-temperature alloy bar difficult to deform by utilizing the hot extrusion is a method with great potential. However, the deformation characteristics of conventional extrusion of "short and thick feeding and thin and long discharging" make it difficult to repeatedly extrude the bar billet to fully refine the grains, and a "cross-section expanding type" extrusion method without reducing the diameter is urgently needed for preparing homogeneous fine-grained bars.
Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), which is a representative large plastic deformation method, can obtain large shear deformation without changing the cross section of a billet, and can obtain sufficiently large cumulative deformation by repeated pressing to refine a material structure. At present, ECAP is used for grain refining cogging of non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium, copper and the like with low hot working temperature and small deformation resistance, and compared with the non-deformable high-temperature alloy, the ECAP has the advantages of high hot working temperature, narrow process window, poor plasticity and complex tissue transformation rule, and the ECAP process is adopted to cogging the non-deformable high-temperature alloy cast ingot, so that the technical difficulty is very high.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the method solves the problems of easy cracking of a bar blank, insufficient deformation, difficult obtainment of fine grain structures and the like in the cogging process of the high-temperature alloy with difficult deformation, and prepares the high-temperature alloy bar with difficult deformation and homogeneous fine grain structures so as to meet the use requirement of a high-performance turbine disc of an aeroengine.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
providing an equal-channel angular extrusion cogging method of a high-temperature alloy cast ingot, wherein the high-temperature alloy is a nickel-based high-temperature alloy, the Al and Ti content of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is more than 6%, and the gamma' phase content is more than 40%; the internal intersection angle of the equal channel angular extrusion die is 120-150 degrees, and the external arc angle of the equal channel angular extrusion die is 30-60 degrees;
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1) sheathing the high-temperature alloy ingot to form an ingot blank, and carrying out initial preheating, wherein the preheating time of the initial preheating is T ═ the diameter D of the ingot blank multiplied by the time coefficient T, and the time coefficient T is 0.6 min/mm-1.6 min/mm;
step 2) carrying out equal channel angular extrusion on the ingot blank for multiple times, preheating the ingot blank and the mold again after each equal channel angular extrusion, and arranging a high-temperature-resistant flexible cushion between the extrusion rod and the ingot blank;
and 3) removing the sheath outside the ingot blank.
Further, the multiple equal channel angular extrusion comprises a first temperature extrusion and a second temperature extrusion, wherein the first temperature extrusion is performed multiple times, the second temperature extrusion is performed multiple times, the first temperature is in the range of phase-change temperature + (5-20) DEG C, and the second temperature is in the range of phase-change temperature + (-50-20) DEG C. Further, the ingot is rotated in the circumferential direction every time the equal channel angular extrusion is performed at the first temperature, the rotation angle theta is 360 DEG/M, and M is the number of times of the equal channel angular extrusion at the first temperature. More preferably, the number of times of the equal channel angular pressing at the first temperature is 3-12. Further, the ingot is rotated in the circumferential direction every time the equal channel angular extrusion is performed at the second temperature, the rotation angle theta is 360 DEG/Q, and Q is the number of times of the equal channel angular extrusion at the second temperature. More preferably, the number of times of the equal channel angular pressing at the second temperature is 3-12.
Further, the ingot blank is extruded at a first temperature during the last equal channel angular extrusion, and the ingot blank is cooled to a second temperature after the extrusion.
Further, the high-temperature-resistant flexible pad is a graphite pad, a mica pad or a clay pad.
Further, a lubricant is applied to the outer surface of the ingot before each equal channel angular pressing.
Further, the ingot blank is circumferentially rotated every time equal channel angular pressing is carried out, the rotation angle theta is 360 DEG/N, and N is the number of times of equal channel angular pressing.
Further, the preheating time for reheating after each equal channel angular pressing is T2 ═ ingot diameter D × time coefficient T, and time coefficient T is 0.4 min/mm. The recrystallized grains obtained by previous thermal deformation in the process of inter-pass heat preservation grow, which is not beneficial to the uniformity control of the circumferential structure of the bar, and the bar blank after hot melting can be just thoroughly heated without causing obvious coarsening of the grains by controlling the inter-pass heat preservation time to be 0.4 min/mm.
The method has the basic principle that a small ingot type ingot is selected to prepare an ECAP ingot blank, the ingot blank obtains uniformly distributed pass deformation and accumulated deformation through the selection of the structural parameters of a die and a deformation process path, and in addition, the method can further match with a cross-phase-region differential temperature deformation process to realize the cast structure crushing and the structure refining of the ingot blank and finally obtain a homogeneous fine-grained bar material.
For the situation that the extrusion internal intersection angle of the die is too small, the strain is concentrated on the inner side, and if the extrusion internal intersection angle is too large, enough pass deformation cannot be obtained, if the extrusion internal intersection angle is too small, an external arc angle is easy to cause an external deformation dead zone, and if the extrusion internal intersection angle is too large, the external deformation is easy to cause insufficient external deformation; the parameter range of the die provided by the invention can ensure that the bar billet can obtain uniform and gentle pass deformation, and the wrinkling and cracking caused by local severe shearing deformation of the sheath are avoided, so that the stability and sustainability of the deformation are ensured. In addition, the invention ensures the uniformity of the accumulated deformation of the bar billet in the circumferential direction by controlling the N (extrusion pass) multiplied by theta (circumferential rotation angle) in the extrusion path to be 360 degrees. (2) And designing a cross-phase ECAP deformation process. The cast dendritic structure of the refractory superalloy is developed, and can be fully crushed by large deformation at a higher temperature (gamma phase region), but the high temperature is not favorable for grain refinement, generally, the fine grain structure needs to be obtained through large deformation of a (gamma + gamma') two-phase region, but the dendritic structure residue is easily caused by the deformation of the pure two-phase region, and the uniformity control of the structure is not favorable. The trans-phase region deformation takes the effects of high-temperature shearing deformation in a gamma-phase region for breaking cast dendritic crystal structures and low-temperature deformation and grain refinement in a (gamma + gamma') two-phase region into consideration, and the bar blank can sequentially complete gradual transition of cast structure-deformed fine crystal structures. (3) A time-controlled heat preservation process.
The invention has the advantages that: the method is mainly used for solving the problems of easy cracking of a bar blank, insufficient deformation, difficult obtainment of fine grain structure and the like in the cogging process of the difficult-to-deform high-temperature alloy for the turbine disc, and innovatively adopts a cross-phase-region ECAP deformation process to prepare the difficult-to-deform alloy bar. Compared with rapid forging and cogging, the problems of bar blank forging cracking and mixed crystal are solved, and the technical risk and the process cost are reduced; compared with the conventional hot extrusion process, the method solves the technical bottleneck that uniform fine-grained structures are difficult to obtain at a single deformation temperature and a limited deformation amount, and makes up for the defects of the difficult-deformation high-temperature alloy blank making process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of equal channel angular compression;
wherein: 1-extrusion rod, 2-high temperature resistant heat insulation pad, 3-ingot casting, 4-steel sheath and 5-extrusion channel.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below.
Example 1, a fine-grained bar of 160mm phi gauge GH4065A alloy (phase transition point 1145 ℃) was prepared;
preparing an ingot blank, cutting a GH4065A alloy consumable ingot of a 180mm phi ingot shape by linear cutting, wherein the length of the consumable ingot is 604mm, the excircle of the consumable ingot is turned to be phi 174mm, and the length of a flat end face is 600 mm. The steel sheath comprises a front plug, a rear plug and a middle sleeve, wherein the inner diameter phi of the middle sleeve is 175mm, the outer diameter phi of the middle sleeve is 195mm, the length of the middle sleeve is 600mm, the outer diameter phi of the front plug is 195mm, the thickness of the middle sleeve is 55mm, one end face of the middle sleeve is rounded R10mm, the other end face of the middle sleeve is used for being assembled with the sleeve, the outer diameter phi of the rear plug is 195mm, the thickness of the rear plug is 25mm, a consumable ingot is placed into the sleeve and then is assembled with the front plug and the rear plug and welded into a.
Processing a die: the inner diameter phi of the extrusion container is 200mm, the internal intersection angle is 135 degrees, and the external arc angle is 45 degrees.
And coating a glass lubricant on the outer surface of the ingot blank, and naturally drying.
Preheating an ingot blank, putting the ingot blank into an electric furnace at the temperature of below 500 ℃, keeping the temperature at 750 ℃ and 1000 ℃ respectively, then heating to the first temperature of equal channel angular extrusion, and keeping the temperature at each temperature for 160 min.
Preheating a mould, sequentially taking out 3 stainless steel dummy stocks heated along with a furnace to preheat an extrusion channel 10min before discharging an ingot blank out of the furnace for extrusion, wherein the preheating time of each stainless steel dummy stock is not less than 3min, and finally preheating to be not less than 300 ℃.
Performing equal-channel angular extrusion, wherein the first temperature of the extrusion is 1155 ℃, the second temperature is 1110 ℃, the extrusion speed is 60mm/s, the inter-pass heat preservation time is 78min, the first temperature is used for extruding the passes for 6 times, and the circumferential rotation angle is 60 degrees; the second temperature extrusion pass is 6 times, and the circumferential rotation angle is 60 degrees; the outer diameter phi of the graphite pad is 199mm, and the thickness is 50 mm. And air cooling after extrusion.
Turning to remove the steel sheet wrapping the high-temperature alloy, and finishing the outer edge to obtain the phi 160mm fine-grain bar.
Example 2, preparation of a fine-grained bar of GH720Li alloy (transformation point 1150 ℃) with a phi 130mm specification;
preparing an ingot blank, cutting out a GH720Li alloy consumable ingot of phi 150mm ingot type by adopting linear cutting, wherein the length of the consumable ingot is 502mm, the excircle of the consumable ingot is turned to phi 145mm, and the length of the consumable ingot is 500 mm. The middle sleeve has the inner diameter phi 146mm, the outer diameter phi 175mm, the length 500mm, the outer diameter phi 175mm of the front plug and the thickness 50mm, wherein the end surface of one side is chamfered by 15mm multiplied by 45 degrees, the end surface of the other side is used for being assembled with the sleeve, the outer diameter phi 175mm of the rear plug and the thickness 50mm, the consumable ingot is assembled with the front plug and the rear plug and welded into a whole after being placed into the sleeve, and an ingot blank with the outer diameter phi 175mm and the length 600mm is formed.
Processing a die: the inner diameter of the extrusion container is 180mm, the internal intersection angle is 120 degrees, and the external arc angle is 30 degrees.
And coating a glass lubricant on the outer surface of the ingot blank, and naturally drying.
Preheating an ingot blank, putting the ingot blank into a furnace when the ingot blank is heated, and keeping the temperature for 140min at the first temperature of equal channel angular extrusion.
Preheating the mold, and preheating the mold to 350 ℃ by adopting an auxiliary preheating device.
Performing equal-channel angular extrusion, wherein the first temperature is 1155 ℃, the second temperature is 1100 ℃, the extrusion speed is 30mm/s, the inter-pass heat preservation time is 70min, the first temperature is 4 times of extrusion passes, and the circumferential rotation angle is 90 degrees; the second temperature extrusion pass is 4 times, and the circumferential rotation angle is 90 degrees; the outer diameter of the asbestos plate is 149mm, and the thickness of the asbestos plate is 30 mm. And slowly cooling the extruded aluminum silicate fiber felt.
Turning to remove the steel sheet, finishing the outer edge and obtaining the phi 130mm fine crystal bar.
Claims (10)
1. An equal channel angular extrusion cogging method of a high-temperature alloy ingot is characterized by comprising the following steps: the high-temperature alloy is a nickel-based high-temperature alloy, the Al + Ti content of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is more than 6%, and the gamma' phase content is more than 40%; the internal intersection angle of the equal channel angular extrusion die is 120-150 degrees, and the external arc angle of the equal channel angular extrusion die is 30-60 degrees;
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1) sheathing the high-temperature alloy ingot to form an ingot blank;
step 2) carrying out equal channel angular extrusion on the ingot blank for multiple times, preheating the ingot blank and the die and then feeding the preheated ingot blank and the die into an extrusion channel during each equal channel angular extrusion, and arranging a high-temperature-resistant flexible cushion between an extrusion rod and the ingot blank;
and 3) removing the sheath outside the ingot blank.
2. The equal-channel angular extrusion cogging method of the high-temperature alloy ingot as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the multiple equal-channel angular extrusion comprises a first temperature extrusion and a second temperature extrusion, wherein the first temperature extrusion is performed for multiple times, the second temperature extrusion is performed for multiple times, the first temperature range is a phase-change point temperature + (5-20) DEG C, and the second temperature range is the phase-change point temperature + (-50-20) DEG C.
3. The equal-channel angular extrusion cogging method of the high-temperature alloy ingot as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and extruding at a first temperature during the last equal channel angular extrusion, and cooling the ingot blank to a second temperature after the extrusion.
4. The equal-channel angular extrusion cogging method of the high-temperature alloy ingot as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the high-temperature-resistant flexible pad is a graphite pad, a mica pad or a clay pad.
5. The equal-channel angular extrusion cogging method of the high-temperature alloy ingot as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and coating the outer surface of the ingot with a lubricant before each equal channel angular pressing.
6. The equal-channel angular extrusion cogging method of the high-temperature alloy ingot as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and each time of equal channel angular extrusion, the ingot blank rotates in the circumferential direction, the rotation angle theta is 360 DEG/N, and N is the equal channel angular extrusion times.
7. The equal-channel angular extrusion cogging method of the high-temperature alloy ingot casting according to claim 2, characterized in that: and each time of equal channel angular extrusion at the first temperature, the ingot blank rotates in the circumferential direction, the rotation angle theta is 360 DEG/M, and M is the number of times of equal channel angular extrusion at the first temperature.
8. The equal-channel angular extrusion cogging method of the high-temperature alloy ingot casting according to claim 2, characterized in that: and performing circumferential rotation on the ingot blank every time of equal channel angular extrusion at the second temperature, wherein the rotation angle theta is 360 DEG/Q, and Q is the number of times of equal channel angular extrusion at the second temperature.
9. The equal-channel angular extrusion cogging method of high-temperature alloy ingot casting according to claim 7, characterized in that: the equal channel angular pressing times at the first temperature are 3-12.
10. The equal-channel angular extrusion cogging method of high-temperature alloy ingot casting according to claim 8, characterized in that: the equal channel angular pressing times at the second temperature are 3-12.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN113426845A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-09-24 | 西北工业大学 | Extrusion method of shape memory alloy material and equal-channel angular extrusion die |
| CN114789231A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-07-26 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Cogging mold for high-temperature alloy ingot blank and cogging method thereof |
| CN114904933A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-16 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Method for preparing large-diameter fine-grain bar of high-temperature alloy difficult to deform |
| CN116689531A (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-09-05 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-strength TC4 pipe |
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| CN113426845A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-09-24 | 西北工业大学 | Extrusion method of shape memory alloy material and equal-channel angular extrusion die |
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| CN116689531A (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-09-05 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-strength TC4 pipe |
| CN116689531B (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-10-27 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-strength TC4 pipe |
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