CN106975719A - A kind of forging method of cogging - Google Patents
A kind of forging method of cogging Download PDFInfo
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- CN106975719A CN106975719A CN201710403503.7A CN201710403503A CN106975719A CN 106975719 A CN106975719 A CN 106975719A CN 201710403503 A CN201710403503 A CN 201710403503A CN 106975719 A CN106975719 A CN 106975719A
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- forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/32—Making machine elements wheels; discs discs, e.g. disc wheels
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of forging method of cogging, this method comprises the following steps:Step:1:Forging is heated, according to the change of the thermal conductivity of material, and specific heat capacity, suitable heating technique is formulated, it is ensured that the forging of forging center portion is ripe, to improve the plasticity of forging, reduces the resistance of deformation of forging;Step 2:Blank cogging is forged, specifically point jumping-up and pulling process, to improve the overall uniformity coefficient of forging, eliminate stagnant zone domain;Step 3:Melt down heating forging:When forging temperature is less than 800 DEG C, stops forging, melt down heating;Step 4:Shaping, steel ingot is forged to target forging shape;Step 5:Forging is heat-treated after forging.This invention removes the stagnant zone domain during cogging, the strain uniformity coefficient of forging center portion is improved;With combined type cogging instrument, realize jumping-up, pulling process and be switched fast, reduce required fire during cogging forging, reduction forging cost improves production efficiency.
Description
Art
The present invention relates to a kind of forging technology technology, belong to the technical field of forging of large forgings cogging.
Background technology
The general volume of Heavy Pan Forgings being applied in nuclear power and thermoelectricity jumbo is larger, forming difficulty and
Production cost is higher.For example end plate, the critical piece such as evaporator pipe sheet and large-sized end enclosure are supported for nuclear reactor central tube.
They are chronically in high temperature, high pressure, the adverse circumstances of high radiation, and subject the alternate load that high flow rate medium is brought
Impact, causes fatigue damage, the safety coefficient of the overall generating set of influence.Therefore, severe working environment is forged to large-scale cake class
The comprehensive mechanical performance of part proposes high requirement.Inevitably there is shrinkage porosite, shrinkage cavity, folder in steel smelting procedure
The defect such as miscellaneous, therefore in forging process, the internal flaw of steel ingot is eliminated by cogging forging, improve the synthesis of large forgings
Quality.
Cogging forging is important process in flat-die forging, two technical process of jumping-up and pulling is broadly divided into, in jumping-up
During, it is general that jumping-up is carried out to large-scale steel ingot using flat anvil, during smooth anvil upsetting, exist near the upper and lower end face of steel ingot
Stagnant zone domain, on the one hand because the upper and lower end face that instrument is contacted with steel ingot has larger frictional force, the deformation of blank difficulty or ease;Separately
On the one hand because the temperature difference of instrument and steel ingot is larger, temperature drop is fast, and resistance of deformation is big.The as-cast structure in this stagnant zone domain
Not easily broken and recrystallization, internal flaw can not be eliminated, and reduced the comprehensive mechanical property of forging, had a strong impact on its life-span.Work as pressure
When lower amount is larger, rigid contact occurs for stagnant zone domain up and down, can produce shear fissure radially, cause forging report
It is useless.
Jumping-up needs to change narrow flat anvil after terminating to be pulled out, it is necessary to which narrow flat anvil is continuous during the pulling of forging
Local pressure load is carried out, is added up by the deformation of axial direction and reaches target length.Need that pier is repeated during cogging
Pull out, need in the process repeatedly with changing flat anvil, technique is relatively complicated.
The content of the invention
Technical problem:It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of forging method of cogging, as cast condition thick inside forging is eliminated
Tissue, improves the distribution of field trash, improves deformation uniformity coefficient of the forging in forming process, increases the yield rate of forging.
Technical scheme:In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention provides a kind of forging method of cogging, this method includes
Following steps:
Step:1:Forging is heated, according to the change of the thermal conductivity of material, and specific heat capacity, the technique for formulating heating forging,
Ensure that the forging of forging center portion is ripe, to improve the plasticity of forging, reduce the resistance of deformation of forging;
Step 2:Blank cogging is forged, specifically point jumping-up and pulling process, to improve the overall uniformity coefficient of forging, disappear
Except stagnant zone domain;At the end of jumping-up, cylinder frustum anvil is removed with large-scale armful of pincers, end face leveling is carried out using narrow flat anvil,
In end face flattening course, outer rim swaging method leveling end face is chosen;
Step 3:Melt down heating forging:When forging temperature is less than 800 DEG C, stops forging, melt down heating;
Step 4:Shaping, steel ingot is forged to target forging shape;
Step 5:Forging is heat-treated after forging.
Wherein:
The technique of described heating forging is:Charging temperature is 600 DEG C~650 DEG C, is incubated at this temperature 1~2 small
When;800 DEG C~900 DEG C are heated to 40 DEG C/h~60 DEG C/h firing rate, and is incubated 1~2 hour at this temperature;With 70
DEG C~90 DEG C/h firing rate is heated to 1200 DEG C~1250 DEG C, 1~2 hour is incubated at this temperature, makes its uniform heat penetration.
The method for forging forging cogging in the step 2 is:
Step 21:In frustum anvil upsetting process, first by forging jumping-up vertically, solid forging ratio is 2.0~2.5.
The speed that pushes of frustum anvil is 40mm/s~60mm/s, when frustum anvil volume under pressure is maximum, i.e., when reduction ratio is 50%~60%,
The time of contact of core is strained above and below pressurize 5min~10min, extension;During jumping-up, frustum anvil is preheated to 250 DEG C~300 up and down
DEG C, it is to avoid the forging part that frustum anvil is contacted up and down temperature stress that is too fast and producing because temperature is reduced;Frustum anvil and forging up and down
The part of part end contact is paved with glass dust, with the frictional force of contact surface above and below reduction, reduces stagnant zone domain scope, improves upsetting
Thick homogeneous deformation degree,
Step 22:At the end of frustum anvil jumping-up, cylinder frustum anvil is removed with large-scale armful of pincers, end is carried out using narrow flat anvil
Face is flattened, in end face flattening course, chooses outer rim swaging method leveling end face,
First work step, 100mm~150mm is pushed using narrow flat anvil, and the second work step rotates narrow 72 °~90 ° of flat anvil, after
It is continuous to push 100mm~150mm.Repeat the second work step.Each work step rotates 72 °~90 °, totally 5 in outer rim swaging method
Work step.2 end faces above and below pressing are needed, when rotation flattens upper surface, it is ensured that lower anvil is frustum anvil, prevents from holding upper surface level with both hands
During, blank center portion produces tension, after upper surface is flattened, and forging upset is placed on smooth work top, weight
Multiple upper surface flattens 5 work steps, continues to rotate pressing;
Step 23:Forging is radially vertical, while radially jumping-up, by forging into cuboid,
Step 24:Forging is axially pulled out:The relative feed L/H of pulling takes 0.7~0.8, wherein L to be the feeding of upper anvil
Amount, H is the height of cuboid forging, and the rate that pushes of upper anvil is 25%~30%, has pulled out one time and blank is rotated to 80 ° vertically
~100 °, in pulling, upsetting pull number of times at least 2 times, until pulling is to preliminary dimension,
Step 25:Rectangular shape Forging chamfered edge is octahedral rib body, repeats above-mentioned jumping-up pulling process, completes the cogging of forging
Journey, step 3:Melt down heating:800 DEG C~900 DEG C are heated to 40 DEG C/h~60 DEG C/h firing rate, and is protected at this temperature
Temperature 1~2 hour;1200 DEG C~1250 DEG C are heated to 70 DEG C/h~90 DEG C/h firing rate, 1~2 is incubated at this temperature
Hour, make its uniform heat penetration.
In described frustum anvil jumping-up, upper anvil is made up of narrow flat anvil and frustum anvil, and lower anvil is frustum anvil;Narrow flat anvil lower bands
There is dovetail moulding, match with the dovetail groove on frustum anvil top.
Described narrow flat anvil is highly H1=1000~1200mm, and lower end dovetail build height is H2=150~250mm,
Upper end width is B1=1000~1200mm, and bottom width is B=1100~1300mm.
The upper end of described upper anvil is cylinder, and upper surface carries dovetail groove, and bottom is frustum, and both are integrated;Wherein,
Cylinder height is H3=300~500mm, and a diameter of D1=1800~2500mm, wherein dovetail groove are connected with forging equipment,
Gap is no more than 1mm, and bottom frustum inclination angle is θ=15 °~20 °, the wherein a diameter of D2=200~400mm in frustum face.
Described outer rim swaging method flattens end face, and its step is:First work step, is pushed using narrow flat anvil
100mm~150mm;Second work step, rotates narrow 72~90 ° of flat anvil, continues to push 100mm~150mm;Repeat the second work step;Outside
Each work step rotates 72 °~90 ° in edge swaging method;Need 2 end faces above and below pressing;When rotation flattens upper surface,
Ensure that lower anvil is frustum anvil, prevent during upper surface is held level with both hands, blank center portion produces tension, after upper surface is flattened,
Forging upset is placed on smooth work top, upper surface is repeated and flattens 5 work steps, continues rotation and flattens.
Carrying out heat-treating methods to forging after being forged in described step 5 is:After the completion of forging, forging is carried out just successively
Goods, process annealing processing, are heated to 800 DEG C~900 DEG C by forging first, are incubated 10~12 hours, forging is taken out and carries out sky
It is cold, be cooled to 250 DEG C~300 DEG C, be slowly heated to again 550 DEG C~600 DEG C, furnace cooling.
Beneficial effect:The present invention uses heat stepwise specification, it is ensured that the uniform hot forging of forging.Forging is determined according to face size
Charging temperature and soaking time.According to the change of the thermal conductivity of material, and specific heat capacity, it is improved the plasticity of forging,
Reduce the resistance of deformation of forging;
The present invention is in order to eliminate the stagnant zone domain during cogging, it is determined that the cogging process of forging, is broadly divided into cone
Bench anvil upsetting process, narrow flat anvil end face flattening course and narrow flat-anvils stretching process.On the one hand the continuous of metal fibrous tissue is ensured
Property, forging stagnant zone domain is reduced, improves face deformation situation;On the other hand by above and below extension strain core contact when
Between, increase the strain coordination of center portion, improve the strain uniformity coefficient of forging center portion, the possibility of crackle occurs in reduction center portion,
Reduce the tangential stress and equipment load of side surface.
The present invention uses combined type cogging instrument, realizes jumping-up, pulling process and is switched fast, reduces cogging forging when institute
Fire is needed, reduction forging cost improves production efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view and left view of narrow flat anvil.
Fig. 2 is the front view and top view of the epicone bench anvil.
Fig. 3 is the front view of lower frustum anvil.
Fig. 4 is the process chart that cogging is pre-upset.
Embodiment
Step:1:Forging is heated, according to the change of the thermal conductivity of material, and specific heat capacity, suitable heating technique is formulated,
Ensure that the forging of forging center portion is ripe, to improve the plasticity of forging, reduce the resistance of deformation of forging;
Step 2:Blank cogging is forged, specifically point jumping-up and pulling process, to improve the overall uniformity coefficient of forging, disappear
Except stagnant zone domain;
Step 3:Melt down heating forging:When forging temperature is less than 800 DEG C, stops forging, melt down heating;
Step 4:Shaping, steel ingot is forged to target forging shape;
Step 5:Forging is heat-treated after forging.
It is preferred that, the technique of the heating forging described in step 1 is:Charging temperature is 600 DEG C~650 DEG C, in this temperature
1~2 hour of lower insulation;800 DEG C~900 DEG C are heated to 40 DEG C/h~60 DEG C/h firing rate, and is protected at this temperature
Temperature 1~2 hour;1200 DEG C~1250 DEG C are heated to 70 DEG C~90 DEG C/h firing rate, 1~2 is incubated at this temperature small
When, make its uniform heat penetration.
It is preferred that, the method for forging forging cogging in step 2 is:
Step 21:In frustum anvil upsetting process, first by forging jumping-up vertically, solid forging ratio is 2.0~2.5.
The speed that pushes of frustum anvil is 60 (mm/s), and when frustum anvil volume under pressure is maximum, i.e., when reduction ratio is 60%, pressurize 5min prolongs
The time of contact of core is strained above and below length.During jumping-up, frustum anvil is preheated to 300 DEG C up and down, it is to avoid the forging of frustum anvil contact up and down
Part part temperature stress that is too fast and producing because temperature is reduced;The part of frustum anvil and forging end contact is paved with glass up and down
Powder, with the frictional force of contact surface above and below reduction, reduces stagnant zone domain scope, improves the homogeneous deformation degree of jumping-up.
It is preferred that, upper anvil is made up of narrow flat anvil and frustum anvil in the frustum anvil jumping-up in step 21, and lower anvil is frustum anvil.It is attached
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of narrow flat anvil, and narrow flat anvil bottom matches with the dovetail groove at the top of dovetail moulding, with frustum anvil.Narrow flat anvil
It is highly H1, takes 1000~1200mm, lower end dovetail build height is H2, can use 150~250mm, upper end width is B1, can use
1000~1200mm, bottom width is B2, can use 1100~1300mm;Accompanying drawing 2 is epicone bench anvil schematic diagram.Upper end is cylinder
Body, upper surface carries dovetail groove, and bottom is frustum, and both are integrated.Wherein, cylinder height is H3, can use 300~500mm,
A diameter of D1, can use 1800~2500mm.Wherein dovetail groove is combined with dovetail, and gap is no more than 1mm.Bottom frustum inclination angle is θ,
It is desirable 15 °~20 °.The wherein a diameter of D2 in frustum face, can use 200~400mm.Accompanying drawing 3 is lower frustum anvil, shape and the epicone bench anvil
It is similar, no dovetail groove.
Step 22:At the end of frustum anvil jumping-up, cylinder frustum anvil is removed with large-scale armful of pincers, end is carried out using narrow flat anvil
Face is flattened.In end face flattening course, outer rim swaging method leveling end face is chosen.First work step, using under narrow flat anvil
Press 100mm~150mm.Second work step, rotates narrow 72 ° of flat anvil, continues to push 100mm~150mm.Repeat the second work step.Outer rim
Each work step rotates 72 ° in swaging method, totally 5 work steps.Need 2 end faces above and below pressing.Upper surface is flattened in rotation
When, it is ensured that lower anvil is frustum anvil, is prevented during upper surface is held level with both hands, and blank center portion produces tension.When upper surface flattens it
Afterwards, forging upset is placed on smooth work top, repeats upper surface and flatten 5 work steps, continued rotation and flatten.
Step 23:Forging is radially vertical, while radially jumping-up, by forging into cuboid.
Step 24:Forging is axially pulled out:The relative feed L/H of pulling takes 0.7~0.8, wherein L to be the feeding of upper anvil
Amount, H is the height of cuboid forging.The rate that pushes of upper anvil is 25%~30%, has pulled out one time and has rotated blank vertically
90 °, in pulling.Upsetting pull number of times at least 2 times, until pulling out to preliminary dimension.
Step 25:Rectangular shape Forging chamfered edge is octahedral rib body, repeats above-mentioned jumping-up pulling process.Complete the cogging of forging
Journey.
It is preferred that, step 3:Melt down heating:800 DEG C~900 DEG C are heated to 40 DEG C/h~60 DEG C/h firing rate, and
It is incubated 1~2 hour at this temperature;1200 DEG C~1250 DEG C are heated to 70 DEG C/h~90 DEG C/h firing rate, it is warm herein
The lower insulation of degree 1~2 hour, makes its uniform heat penetration.
Step 4:Shaping, steel ingot is forged to target forging shape;
It is preferred that, heat-treating methods are:After the completion of forging, forging is carried out to positive goods, process annealing processing successively, first
Forging is heated to 800 DEG C~900 DEG C, 10~12 hours are incubated, forging is taken out and carries out air cooling, 250 DEG C~300 are cooled to
DEG C, be slowly heated to again 550 DEG C~600 DEG C, furnace cooling.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of forging method of cogging, it is characterised in that the forging method comprises the following steps,
Step:1:Forging is heated, according to the change of the thermal conductivity of material, and specific heat capacity, the technique for formulating heating forging, it is ensured that
The forging of forging center portion is ripe, to improve the plasticity of forging, reduces the resistance of deformation of forging;
Step 2:Blank cogging is forged, specifically point jumping-up and pulling process, to improve the overall uniformity coefficient of forging, eliminate difficult
Deformed region;At the end of jumping-up, cylinder frustum anvil is removed with large-scale armful of pincers, end face leveling is carried out using narrow flat anvil, at end
In the flattening course of face, outer rim swaging method leveling end face is chosen;
Step 3:Melt down heating forging:When forging temperature is less than 800 DEG C, stops forging, melt down heating;
Step 4:Shaping, steel ingot is forged to target forging shape;
Step 5:Forging is heat-treated after forging.
2. the forging method of cogging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the technique of the heating forging described in step 1
For:Charging temperature is 600 DEG C~650 DEG C, is incubated 1~2 hour at this temperature;With 40 DEG C/h~60 DEG C/h firing rate
800 DEG C~900 DEG C are heated to, and is incubated 1~2 hour at this temperature;It is heated to 70 DEG C~90 DEG C/h firing rate
1200 DEG C~1250 DEG C, 1~2 hour is incubated at this temperature, makes its uniform heat penetration.
3. the forging method of cogging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that forging forging cogging described in step 2
Method be:
Step 21:In frustum anvil upsetting process, first by forging jumping-up vertically, solid forging ratio is 2.0~2.5.Frustum
The speed that pushes of anvil is 40mm/s~60mm/s, when frustum anvil volume under pressure is maximum, i.e., when reduction ratio is 50%~60%, pressurize
The time of contact of core is strained above and below 5min~10min, extension;During jumping-up, frustum anvil is preheated to 250 DEG C~300 DEG C up and down, keeps away
The forging part that frustum anvil is contacted above and below exempting from temperature stress that is too fast and producing because temperature is reduced;Frustum anvil and forging end face up and down
The part of contact is paved with glass dust, with the frictional force of contact surface above and below reduction, reduces stagnant zone domain scope, improves the equal of jumping-up
Even deformation extent,
Step 22:At the end of frustum anvil jumping-up, cylinder frustum anvil is removed with large-scale armful of pincers, it is whole to carry out end face using narrow flat anvil
It is flat, in end face flattening course, outer rim swaging method leveling end face is chosen,
First work step, 100mm~150mm is pushed using narrow flat anvil, and the second work step rotates narrow 72 °~90 ° of flat anvil, under continuation
Press 100mm~150mm.Repeat the second work step.Each work step rotates 72 °~90 ° in outer rim swaging method, totally 5 work steps.
2 end faces above and below pressing are needed, when rotation flattens upper surface, it is ensured that lower anvil is frustum anvil, prevents from holding upper surface process level with both hands
In, blank center portion produces tension, after upper surface is flattened, and forging upset is placed on smooth work top, in repetition
End face flattens 5 work steps, continues to rotate pressing;
Step 23:Forging is radially vertical, while radially jumping-up, by forging into cuboid,
Step 24:Forging is axially pulled out:The relative feed L/H of pulling takes 0.7~0.8, wherein L to be the feed of upper anvil, H
For the height of cuboid forging, the rate that pushes of upper anvil is 25%~30%, pulled out one time blank is rotated vertically 80 °~
100 °, in pulling, upsetting pull number of times at least 2 times, until pulling is to preliminary dimension,
Step 25:Rectangular shape Forging chamfered edge is octahedral rib body, repeats above-mentioned jumping-up pulling process, completes the cogging process of forging,
Step 3:Melt down heating:800 DEG C~900 DEG C are heated to 40 DEG C/h~60 DEG C/h firing rate, and is incubated 1 at this temperature
~2 hours;1200 DEG C~1250 DEG C are heated to 70 DEG C/h~90 DEG C/h firing rate, 1~2 is incubated at this temperature small
When, make its uniform heat penetration.
4. the forging method of the cogging according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that in described frustum anvil jumping-up, upper anvil
It is made up of narrow flat anvil and frustum anvil, lower anvil is frustum anvil;Narrow flat anvil bottom carries dovetail moulding, the dovetail groove with frustum anvil top
Match.
5. the forging method of cogging according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described narrow flat anvil is highly H1=1000
~1200mm, lower end dovetail build height is H2=150~250mm, and upper end width is B1=1000~1200mm, bottom width
For B=1100~1300mm.
6. the forging method of cogging according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the upper end of described upper anvil is cylinder, on
End face carries dovetail groove, and bottom is frustum, and both are integrated;Wherein, cylinder height is H3=300~500mm, a diameter of D1
=1800~2500mm, wherein dovetail groove are connected with forging equipment, gap be no more than 1mm, bottom frustum inclination angle be θ=15 °~
20 °, the wherein a diameter of D2=200~400mm in frustum face.
7. the forging method of cogging according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described outer rim swaging method leveling
End face, its step is:First work step, 100mm~150mm is pushed using narrow flat anvil;Second work step, the narrow flat anvil 72 of rotation~
90 °, continue to push 100mm~150mm;Repeat the second work step;Each work step rotates 72 °~90 ° in outer rim swaging method;
Need 2 end faces above and below pressing;When rotation flattens upper surface, it is ensured that lower anvil is frustum anvil, prevents from holding upper surface process level with both hands
In, blank center portion produces tension, after upper surface is flattened, and forging upset is placed on smooth work top, in repetition
End face flattens 5 work steps, continues to rotate pressing.
8. the forging method of cogging according to claim 3, it is characterised in that carried out after being forged in described step 5 to forging
Heat-treating methods are:After the completion of forging, forging is carried out to positive goods, process annealing processing successively, forging is heated to 800 first
DEG C~900 DEG C, 10~12 hours are incubated, forging is taken out and carries out air cooling, 250 DEG C~300 DEG C is cooled to, is slowly heated to again
550 DEG C~600 DEG C, furnace cooling.
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CN111331070A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-26 | 中机(济南)精密成形工程技术有限公司 | Forming method of lower anvil block of marine hydraulic pile hammer |
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CN111730014A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-10-02 | 江阴振宏重型锻造有限公司 | Method for reducing surface cracking of 17-4PH forging |
CN111730014B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2022-03-01 | 江阴振宏重型锻造有限公司 | Method for reducing surface cracking of 17-4PH forging |
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