CN111618218A - Forging method of large medium-thickness cake forge piece - Google Patents
Forging method of large medium-thickness cake forge piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN111618218A CN111618218A CN202010631100.XA CN202010631100A CN111618218A CN 111618218 A CN111618218 A CN 111618218A CN 202010631100 A CN202010631100 A CN 202010631100A CN 111618218 A CN111618218 A CN 111618218A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for forging large medium-thickness cake forgings, which can reduce the forging fire number, save the fire consumption of raw materials, shorten the forging time and reduce the production cost on the premise of ensuring the product quality. Heat the forging to expected temperature, carry out the indent and externally along rotatory flattening, its characterized in that: the dimpling is a double-sided continuous dimpling, namely, one surface is dimpling, and then the other surface is turned over for 180 degrees; finally, the two dented surfaces are flattened by rotating and flattening, rolling the outer circle and flattening and forming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging and pressing manufacturing, in particular to a forging method of a large medium-thickness cake forging.
Background
In the forging process of large and medium thick cake forgings such as tube plates, top covers, end covers and the like, RST effect is prevented by the thin forging, namely, internal tearing is avoided, the thick forging is compacted completely, the core deformation and the finish forging temperature of the last fire are controlled, grain refinement is guaranteed, the tissues are normal and high in density, large deformation is often required to be compacted and forged completely, upsetting and lengthening are usually performed, the forging firing number is more, the operation time is longer, the material fire consumption is large, and the energy cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of multiple forging fire times, large fire consumption and high energy cost of the traditional large medium-thick cake forging method, the invention provides the large medium-thick cake forging method, which can reduce the forging fire times, save the fire consumption of raw materials, shorten the forging time and reduce the production cost on the premise of ensuring the product quality.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: heat the forging to expected temperature, carry out the indent and externally along rotatory flattening, its characterized in that: the dimpling is that one surface is dimpled and then turned over for 180 degrees, and the other surface is dimpled; finally, the two dented surfaces are flattened by rotating and flattening, rolling the outer circle and flattening and forming.
It is further characterized in that:
the dimpling method is an upper flat anvil rotary dimpling method, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
a first fire: blanking, namely heating the steel ingot to 1250 ℃, pre-deforming, chamfering, pressing eight directions, cutting off the bottom of a dead head, and then blanking the eight directions;
and (3) second fire: heating the eight directions to 1270 ℃, then performing upsetting, rounding and rotary flattening to the expected height, and then operating according to the following steps: a first concave notch is formed in the center of the forge piece by using an upper flat anvil in a rotary indentation mode, the depth is H1, then a punch is used for covering a dense indentation, the pressing depth is H2, and the sum of H1 and H2 is 10% -15% of the thickness of the forge piece at the time; the length of the used flat anvil is a, the width of the flat anvil is b, the diameter of the forge piece is c, a = (0.5-0.7) c, and the length of the upper flat anvil is generally selected to be about 2/3 of the forge piece diameter; the diameter of the punch is 1.2-1.8 times of the final thickness of the cake-shaped forging.
And (3) third fire: firstly, the forging piece is turned over by 180 degrees, the concave part is downward, and the forging piece is heated to 1270 ℃ again. And then, rotationally indenting a third concave notch with the depth of H3 in the center of the forge piece by using the original upper flat anvil, and then densely covering and pressing the third concave notch with a punch to a certain depth of H4, wherein the sum of H3 and H4 is 10-15% of the current thickness of the forge piece.
Or:
assuming that the length of the flat anvil is a, the width of the flat anvil is b, the diameter of the forge piece is c, d is the thickness of the forge piece, a = (0.5-0.7) c, the length of the upper flat anvil is usually selected to be about 2/3 of the forge piece diameter, b = (0.5-1.5) d, the indentation depth is in place in one step, and the second fire presses the following operation: heating the forge piece to 1270 ℃, then upsetting, rounding, rotating and flattening to a preset height, and then rotationally indenting the center of the forge piece by using an upper flat anvil to form a first concave gear, wherein the depth is H1, and H1 is 10-15% of the current thickness of the forge piece.
The third fire time: and (3) turning the forging piece by 180 degrees, namely, downwards turning the concave gear, heating to 1270 ℃ again, and then rotationally extruding the concave gear at the center of the forging piece by using an upper flat anvil, wherein the depth of the concave gear is the same as that of the concave pit on the previous surface.
The dimple forming method is a circular punching combined dimple forming method, and comprises the following specific processes:
a first fire: heating the steel ingot to 1250 ℃, heating and preserving heat according to the process specification, pre-deforming and chamfering after discharging the steel ingot, improving the surface plasticity of the steel ingot, preventing cracking, pressing the steel ingot in eight directions, cutting off a dead head and the bottom, and then drawing the steel ingot out of the eight directions for blanking, wherein the heating belongs to pre-deformation and blanking;
and (3) second fire: heating the eight directions to 1270 ℃, then performing large deformation upsetting, rounding and rotary flattening to the expected height, and then operating according to the following steps: and (2) extruding a plurality of layers of petal-shaped concave shelves with outward expansion shapes by using a punch in a range taking the center of the forging as the center of a circle, wherein the depth of the concave shelves is 10-15% of the current thickness of the forging, the range of the concave shelves is about 50-60% of the current diameter of the forging, and the diameter of the punch is 1.2-1.8 times of the final thickness of the forging.
And (3) third fire: turning the forging piece 180 degrees, downwards placing the concave gear, heating to 1270 ℃ again, continuing to use the original punch head, taking the center of the forging piece as the center of a circle, and outwards expanding to form a plurality of layers of concave gears in petal-shaped shapes, wherein the depth and the range of the concave gears are the same as those of the previous time;
the second heating time is large deformation and forming; the key points of large deformation are as follows: when the temperature of the center of the forging is over 1050 ℃, the pressed cavity defects such as looseness, shrinkage cavities and the like can be welded in time through atomic diffusion and completely eliminated;
the method for indenting the pits is a double-sided indenting method for indenting cakes, and the specific process is as follows:
a first fire: heating the steel ingot to 1250 ℃, chamfering with small deformation, pressing eight directions, cutting off the bottom of a dead head, then pulling out the eight directions and blanking.
And (3) second fire: heating the forging to 1270 ℃, performing large deformation upsetting, rotary flattening and rounding to the preset height, and then operating according to the following steps: indenting the center of the forging by using an indenting cake, wherein the diameter of the indenting cake is 1.0-1.5 times of the height of the forging, and the indenting depth is 10-12% of the current thickness of the forging; then turning the forging piece for 180 degrees, pressing pits with the same depth at the center of the forging piece by using pit pressing cakes, then rotationally flattening the pits to a process height, and rounding, flattening and forming the pits; the fire number belongs to large deformation and forming, and the key points of the large deformation are as follows: when the temperature of the center of the forging is over 1050 ℃, the pressed cavity defects such as looseness, shrinkage cavities and the like can be timely welded and thoroughly eliminated through atomic diffusion.
The process technology changes the traditional set path of first compacting and forging thoroughly and then blanking and forming in the prior art, skillfully omits the special upsetting and drawing steps, and transfers the content of large deformation of compacting and forging thoroughly to the forming process. The double concave dimple forming method uses upper flat anvil or round punch or dimple cake, which is much smaller than the diameter of round cake forge piece, and some size is extruded into the forge piece, the deformation mode is similar to die forging. At the moment, the forging piece under the anvil is in a three-dimensional compressive stress state, so that the internal looseness, cracks and the like are favorably compacted, and the internal tearing phenomenon (RST effect) cannot be generated. On the premise of ensuring the product quality, the forging number can be reduced by 1-2, the raw materials can be saved by more than 2%, the forging time can be shortened by 20-40%, and the production cost can be reduced by about 10%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a variation in the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the upper flat anvil rotating socket of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the positional relationship between the upper flat anvil rotary socket and the punch socket of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a punch press socket of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the inner deformation zone of a forging when a pancake is dimpled;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an internal deformation area of a forging when a thick round cake is indented.
Detailed Description
Upper flat anvil rotary dimpling method
The length of the used flat anvil is a, the width of the flat anvil is b, the diameter of the forge piece is c, a = (0.5-0.7) c, and the length of the upper flat anvil is generally selected to be about 2/3 of the forge piece diameter; the diameter of the punch is 1.2-1.8 times of the thickness of the cake-shaped forging.
Example 1
A first fire: heating the steel ingot to 1250 ℃, pre-deforming, chamfering, pressing eight directions, cutting off the bottom of a dead head, and blanking 1500 multiplied by 2760 eight directions.
And (3) second fire: heating the octagonal forge piece to 1270 ℃, carrying out large deformation upsetting, rounding and rotary flattening to 480, using an upper flat anvil with length of 3200 times width of 600 to rotationally indent in the range of phi 3200 at the center of the forge piece to obtain a first concave depth of 40, using a punch with phi 700 to densely indent and cover the first concave depth, wherein the pressing depth of the second punch is 30, and the total indentation depth of two times is 70 mm.
And (3) third fire: the forged piece is turned over for 180 degrees, namely the concave gear faces downwards. Heating to 1270 deg.C again, then using 3200 × 600 upper flat anvil to rotationally indent in the range of phi 3200 deg.C to obtain the first concave depth of 40, then using phi 700 punch to cover the concave depth, and making the second concave depth be 30. The total depth of the concave shelves is still 70 mm. At this point, the underlying rails have been substantially completely flattened. Then the outer edge and the concave gear are flattened by rotation to 410, the outer circle is rolled, the surfaces of the two pressed pits are flattened, and the forming is carried out.
Example 2
Heating the steel ingot to 1250 ℃, pre-deforming, chamfering and pressing eight directions on the surface, cutting off the bottom of a dead head, and blanking 1500 multiplied by 2760 eight directions.
And secondly, heating the eight directions to 1270 ℃, performing large deformation upsetting, rounding, rotary flattening to the height of 480, and then directly rotating and indenting the forged piece to form the concave gear depth of 70 within the range of about phi 3000 by using an upper flat anvil with the length of 3000 multiplied by the width of 300. (3000X 300 long upper flat anvil, press force enough to press 70mm at a time; 3200X 600 flat anvil, press force only about 40 due to large press area; in the above example, press 30 needs to be covered with punch again.)
And thirdly, turning the forge piece 180 degrees, downwards concave, heating to 1270 ℃ again, further rotating and indenting to form a concave position with a depth of 70 within a range of phi 3000 by using a 3000 multiplied by 300 upper flat anvil at the center of the forge piece, finally rotating and flattening the outer edge and the concave position to a height of 410, rolling the outer circle, flattening the two sides and forming.
The second three shots in this example are of large deformation and forming. The key points of large deformation are: when the temperature of the center of the forging is over 1050 ℃, the pressed cavity defects such as looseness, shrinkage cavities and the like can be timely welded and thoroughly eliminated through atomic diffusion.
Round punching combined dimple pressing method
Example 3
A first fire: and heating the steel ingot to 1250 ℃, and heating and preserving heat according to the process specification. And after the steel ingot is taken out of the furnace, the steel ingot is pre-deformed and chamfered, so that the surface plasticity of the steel ingot is improved, and cracking is prevented. Pressing the eight directions, cutting off a dead head and the bottom, and blanking the eight directions to 1480X 2840.
And (3) second fire: heating the eight directions to 1270 ℃, then upsetting, flattening to 670 high by rotation, then using a punch, wherein the diameter of the punch is 1.2-1.8 times of the final thickness of the forge piece, the diameter of the punch is phi 800 in the embodiment, and pressing a plurality of layers of petal-shaped concave shelves with outward expansion shapes by taking the center of the forge piece as the center of a circle; the depth of the concave gear is 10% -15% of the thickness of the forging piece at that time, the range of the concave gear is 50% -60% of the diameter of the forging piece at that time, the depth of the concave gear is 70% in the embodiment, the diameter of the concave gear is phi 1500, the fire frequency belongs to large deformation, and the key point is that: when the temperature of the center of the forging is over 1050 ℃, the pressed cavity defects such as looseness, shrinkage cavities and the like can be timely welded and thoroughly eliminated through atomic diffusion.
And (3) third fire: and turning the forging piece 180 degrees, wherein the concave shelves face downwards. Heating to 1270 deg.C, and continuously pressing into concave parts with petal shape and outward expansion shape with phi 800 punch head in the range of phi 1500 with the center as the center, wherein the depth of the concave parts is 70.
Finally, the outer edge and the concave gear are flattened by rotation to reach the height 590, and the product is rounded, flattened and formed.
Example 4
Double-sided nest pressing method for nest pressing cake
A first fire: heating the steel ingot to 1250 ℃, performing small-deformation chamfering and pressing on the steel ingot, cutting off the bottom of a dead head, and then discharging the steel ingot in a manner of 1300 x 2100 in eight directions;
and (3) second fire: heating the eight directions to 1270 ℃, performing large deformation upsetting, rounding, rotating and flattening to the height 670, and then pressing a dimple in the center of the forge piece by using a dimple pressing cake; the diameter of the dimple cake is 1.0-1.5 times of the height of the forging; the dimple depth is 10% -12% of the current thickness of the forging, the diameter of the dimple cake is phi 1100, the dimple depth is 80, the forging is turned over by 180 degrees, the phi 1100 dimple cake is continuously used for pressing out the dimple with the depth of 80 at the center of the forging, then the outer edge and the concave gear are rotated and flattened to the height 590, and the rolling, flattening and forming are carried out. The fire number belongs to large deformation and forming, and the key points of the large deformation are as follows: when the temperature of the center of the forging is over 1050 ℃, the pressed cavity defects such as looseness, shrinkage cavities and the like can be timely welded and thoroughly eliminated through atomic diffusion.
Example 5:
double-sided nest pressing method for nest pressing cake
The tube plate with phi 1115 multiplied by 265 is forged by using 1000 multiplied by 680 multiplied by 400 of a rolling square billet.
A first fire: heating to 1250 ℃, pouring eight directions, rolling, rotating and flattening to a high temperature of 320 ℃.
And (3) second fire: directly carrying out dimple forming on the center of the forging by using a dimple forming cake, wherein the diameter of the dimple forming cake is 1.0-1.5 times of the height of the forging; the dimple depth is 10% -12% of the current thickness of the forging, the diameter of the dimple cake is phi 500, the dimple depth is 35, then the forging is turned over for 180 degrees, the concave part is downward, and the phi 500 dimple cake is continuously used for pressing out the dimple with the depth of 35 at the center of the forging. And finally, the outer edge and the concave gear are rotated and flattened to 270 degrees, and the product is rounded, flattened and formed. The forging and forming process of this embodiment can also be accomplished in one fire.
The invention skillfully omits the special upsetting and drawing steps, and transfers the content of compaction and forging with large deformation to the forming process. The method can be realized under the condition that the thickness size of the forged piece is not changed greatly, so that the method can reduce the forging fire number by 1-2 fire on the premise of ensuring the product quality, save the raw material fire consumption by 2-4 percent, shorten the forging time by 20-40 percent and reduce the production cost by more than 10 percent.
Claims (4)
1. The forging method of the large medium-thickness cake type forge piece heats the forge piece to a predicted temperature, carries out indenting and external edge rotary flattening, and is characterized in that: the dimpling is a double-sided continuous dimpling, namely, one surface is dimpling, and then the other surface is turned over for 180 degrees; finally, the two dented surfaces are flattened by rotating and flattening, rolling the outer circle and flattening and forming.
2. The forging method of the large medium-thick cake forging according to claim 1, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps: the double-sided continuous dimpling method is an upper flat anvil rotary dimpling method, and the specific process is as follows:
a first fire: blanking, namely heating the steel ingot to 1250 ℃, pre-deforming, chamfering, pressing eight directions, cutting off the bottom of a dead head, and then blanking the eight directions;
and (3) second fire: heating the eight directions to 1270 ℃, then performing upsetting, rounding and rotary flattening to the expected height, and then operating according to the following steps: a first concave notch is formed in the center of the forge piece by using an upper flat anvil in a rotary indentation mode, the depth is H1, then a punch is used for covering a dense indentation, the pressing depth is H2, and the sum of H1 and H2 is 10% -15% of the thickness of the forge piece at the time; the length of the used flat anvil is a, the width of the flat anvil is b, the diameter of the forge piece is c, a = (0.5-0.7) c, and the length of the upper flat anvil is generally selected to be about 2/3 of the forge piece diameter; the diameter of the punch is 1.2-1.8 times of the final thickness of the cake-shaped forge piece;
and (3) third fire: firstly, turning the forge piece 180 degrees, downwards arranging the concave part, heating to 1270 ℃ again, then rotationally indenting the center of the forge piece by using an original upper flat anvil to form a third concave part with the depth of H3, and then densely covering and pressing the third concave part by using a punch to a certain depth of H4, wherein the sum of H3 and H4 is 10-15% of the thickness of the forge piece at that time;
or:
assuming that the length of the flat anvil is a, the width of the flat anvil is b, the diameter of the forge piece is c, d is the thickness of the forge piece, a = (0.5-0.7) c, the length of the upper flat anvil is usually selected to be about 2/3 of the forge piece diameter, b = (0.5-1.5) d, the indentation depth is in place in one step, and the second fire presses the following operation: heating the forge piece to 1270 ℃, then upsetting, rounding, rotating and flattening to a preset height, and then rotationally indenting the center of the forge piece by using an upper flat anvil to form a first concave gear, wherein the depth is H1, and H1 is 10-15% of the current thickness of the forge piece;
the third fire time: and (3) turning the forging piece by 180 degrees, namely, downwards turning the concave gear, heating to 1270 ℃ again, and then rotationally extruding the concave gear at the center of the forging piece by using an upper flat anvil, wherein the depth of the concave gear is the same as that of the concave pit on the previous surface.
3. The forging method of the large medium-thick cake forging according to claim 1, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps: the double-sided continuous dimpling method is a circular punching combined dimpling method, and the specific process is as follows:
a first fire: heating the steel ingot to 1250 ℃, heating and preserving heat according to the process specification, pre-deforming and chamfering after discharging the steel ingot, improving the surface plasticity of the steel ingot, preventing cracking, pressing the steel ingot in eight directions, cutting off a dead head and the bottom, and then drawing the steel ingot out of the eight directions for blanking, wherein the heating belongs to pre-deformation and blanking;
and (3) second fire: heating the eight directions to 1270 ℃, then performing large deformation upsetting, rounding and rotary flattening to the expected height, and then operating according to the following steps: a punch is used for extruding a plurality of layers of petal-shaped concave shelves with outward expansion shapes within the range taking the center of the forging as the center of a circle, the depth of the concave shelves is 10% -15% of the current thickness of the forging, the range of the concave shelves is about 50% -60% of the current diameter of the forging, and the diameter of the punch is 1.2-1.8 times of the final thickness of the forging;
and (3) third fire: turning the forging piece 180 degrees, downwards placing the concave gear, heating to 1270 ℃ again, continuing to use the original punch head, taking the center of the forging piece as the center of a circle, and outwards expanding to form a plurality of layers of concave gears in petal-shaped shapes, wherein the depth and the range of the concave gears are the same as those of the previous time;
the second heating time is large deformation and forming; the key points of large deformation are as follows: when the temperature of the center of the forging is over 1050 ℃, the pressed cavity defects such as looseness, shrinkage cavities and the like can be timely welded and thoroughly eliminated through atomic diffusion.
4. The forging method of the large medium-thick cake forging according to claim 1, wherein the forging method comprises the following steps: the double-sided continuous dimpling method is a dimpling cake double-sided dimpling method, and comprises the following specific processes:
a first fire: heating the steel ingot to 1250 ℃, chamfering with small deformation, pressing eight directions, cutting off the bottom of a dead head, then drawing eight directions and blanking;
and (3) second fire: heating the forging to 1270 ℃, performing large deformation upsetting, rotary flattening and rounding to the preset height, and then operating according to the following steps: indenting the center of the forging by using an indenting cake, wherein the diameter of the indenting cake is 1.0-1.5 times of the height of the forging, and the indenting depth is 10-12% of the current thickness of the forging; then turning the forging piece for 180 degrees, pressing pits with the same depth at the center of the forging piece by using pit pressing cakes, then rotationally flattening the pits to a process height, and rounding, flattening and forming the pits; the fire number belongs to large deformation and forming, and the key points of the large deformation are as follows: when the temperature of the center of the forging is over 1050 ℃, the pressed cavity defects such as looseness, shrinkage cavities and the like can be timely welded and thoroughly eliminated through atomic diffusion.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111992649A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-11-27 | 石钢京诚装备技术有限公司 | Half die forging process for wind power flange |
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Application publication date: 20200904 |