CN105970130B - A kind of method that alternately backward extrusion prepares fine grain magnesium alloy - Google Patents
A kind of method that alternately backward extrusion prepares fine grain magnesium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
A kind of method that alternately backward extrusion prepares fine grain magnesium alloy, belongs to Magnesium alloy AZ91D field.Method：1) magnesium alloy cylinder rod is cut to obtain；2) bar heats；3) mould preheats；4) alternately backward extrusion：By magnesium alloy cylinder rod, the backward extrusion of 3~6 passages is carried out, magnesium alloy deformation part is made；The operation order of every time backward extrusion is identical；Between every two passages backward extrusion, carry out a blank and melt down heating, base turn-over is subjected to lower a time backward extrusion；Wherein, backward extrusion first, magnesium alloy cylinder rod is placed in female bottom, unloaded after central punch is descending, then, hollow punch-pin is descending；5) final passage forging：Central punch and the descending extruding simultaneously of hollow punch-pin, obtain fine grain magnesium alloy.The inventive method, by alternately backward extrusion, preparation intensity significantly improves with plasticity, fine grain magnesium alloy materials of the average grain size below 10 μm；Equipment is simple, and cost is low, efficiency high, easily operated, is industrialized in sight.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Magnesium alloy AZ91D field, more particularly to a kind of alternately backward extrusion prepares the side of fine grain magnesium alloy
Method.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy possesses high specific strength and good impact resistance, can meet boat as advanced light-weight metal structural material
Empty space flight, automobile and electronic product lightweight requirements, reduce energy resource consumption and environmental pollution, it has also become American-European, Japan and other countries
With regional industry using one of fastest-rising material.But the lattice structure of close-packed hexagonal determines that magnesium alloy temperature-room type plasticity deforms
Ability is poor, strongly limit its application, and crystal grain refinement not only can effectively improve magnesium alloy temperature-room type plasticity, and can be notable
Improve its corrosion resistance and fatigue behaviour.Fine grain is obtained using solid-state deformation particularly severe plastic deformation processing method (SPD)
Magnesium alloy opens up a new way.Thus including systems such as high pressure torsion, ply rolling, multiway forging, lateral compressions (ECAP)
The new technology that row prepare fine grain magnesium alloy has obtained certain research.The but fine grain magnesium alloy common ground of this several technology production
It is exactly that size is smaller, and easily cracks, such as by the lateral compression (ECAP) being most widely used, production at present
Super fine crystal material dimensions length be less than 200mm, diameter or elongated be less than 15mm.It is special in the China of disclosed Shanghai Communications University
Profit：A kind of preparation method (application number of fine grain magnesium alloy：201210451142.0) in, applicant is directed to the cracking of lateral compression
Problem proposes plus back pressure preparation method, the method reduce sample cracking tendency, but specimen size be 12mm × 12mm ×
90mm, the fine grain magnesium alloy block of preparation are smaller.A kind of another disclosed Chinese patent " preparation method of fine grain magnesium alloy block
(application number：201410365927.5) described in " and utilize hot pressed sintering magnesium alloy powder particle legal system detailed information grained magnesium alloy, system
It is less than 10 microns for crystallite dimension has been gone out, the length of side is 50mm fine grain magnesium alloy cube, but this method process is complex, and
Fine grain magnesium alloy block size, consistency and the crystal grain refinement that pressure sintering obtains are limited.The fine grain magnesium alloy method prepared at present
Block size is relatively small, and equipment and complex process, high energy consumption, limits further applying for magnesium alloy.
The content of the invention
The shortcomings that being difficult to prepare for above-mentioned existing fine grain magnesium alloy block, the present invention provide a kind of alternately backward extrusion and prepared
The method of fine grain magnesium alloy, it is a kind of special manufacturing process that fine grain magnesium alloy is prepared by alternately backward extrusion：Using common
Extruding punch and cavity plate, magnesium alloy is set to undergo multiple severe plastic deformation so as to which Refining Mg Alloy is brilliant by alternately backward extrusion technology
Grain, back pressure is applied to deformable body outer end by non-active punch-pin during backward extrusion, deformable body is in stronger three-dimensional pressure
Stress state, prevent crackle from producing；Improve magnesium alloy plastic deformation ability.
The method that the alternating backward extrusion of the present invention prepares fine grain magnesium alloy, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, blanking：
By magnesium alloy, magnesium alloy cylinder rod is cut into；
Step 2, bar heats：
By magnesium alloy cylinder rod, with 10~15 DEG C/s of programming rate, crowded 350~380 DEG C of temperature, insulation 60 are heated to out
~90min；
Step 3, mould preheats：
By central punch, hollow punch-pin and cavity plate, 180~230 DEG C are preheated to；Wherein, the outside dimension of cylinder rod is
The outside dimension of hollow punch-pin, the height of cylinder rod：Die depth=0.25~0.5, the external diameter of central punch=hollow convex
The internal diameter of mould, the external diameter of central punch：External diameter=1 of hollow punch-pin：(2~3), the internal diameter of external diameter=cavity plate of hollow punch-pin；
Step 4, alternately backward extrusion：
By magnesium alloy cylinder rod, the backward extrusion of 3~6 passages is carried out, magnesium alloy deformation part is made；Every time backward extrusion
Operation order is identical；Between every two passages backward extrusion, carry out a blank and melt down heating, turn-over above and below blank is placed in cavity plate bottom
Portion carries out lower a time backward extrusion；The extrusion speed of each backward extrusion reduces by 1~3mm/ than the extrusion speed of a preceding backward extrusion
S, blank, which melts down the temperature of heating the temperature of heating is melted down than a preceding blank, each time reduces by 20~30 DEG C, and each blank melts down
The time all same of heating；Wherein, backward extrusion first, magnesium alloy cylinder rod being placed in female bottom, central punch is descending, in
The extrusion speed of cardiac prominence mould is 8~15mm/s, the Bottom Runby of central punch：Height=1 of magnesium alloy cylinder rod：(2~
5), central punch unloads；Then, hollow punch-pin is descending, and the extrusion speed of hollow punch-pin is 10~12mm/s, under hollow punch-pin
The Bottom Runby of row distance=central punch；The temperature that blank melts down heating first is 300~350 DEG C, and blank melts down heating
Time is 5~10min；
Step 5, final passage forging：
By magnesium alloy deformation part, female bottom, central punch and the descending extruding simultaneously of hollow punch-pin are placed in after upper and lower reverse side,
Obtain fine grain magnesium alloy；Wherein, central punch is identical with the extrusion speed of hollow punch-pin, and is 1~2mm/s, central punch
It is identical with the Bottom Runby of hollow punch-pin, and be 3~5mm.
Wherein：
In described step 1, magnesium alloy is as cast condition or deformation states magnesium alloy ingot/bar.
In described step 1, the external diameter of described magnesium alloy cylinder rod is 60~100mm, and the height of cylinder rod is
30~50mm, die depth are 60~200mm；In described step 3, the external diameter of central punch is 30~50mm, hollow punch-pin
Internal diameter be 30~50mm, the external diameter of hollow punch-pin is 60~100mm, and the internal diameter of cavity plate is 60~100mm；Described step 4
In, backward extrusion first, the Bottom Runby of central punch is 15~25mm.
In described step 2, heat treatment uses heating furnace.
In described step 3, preheating uses die heater.
In described step 4, blank melts down heating and uses heating furnace.
In described step 4, each backward extrusion process, blank experience severe plastic deformation, when central punch is descending, to magnesium
Alloy blank edge applies 1~1.5kN back pressure, then, when hollow punch-pin is descending, apply 1 to magnesium alloy blank center portion~
1.5kN back pressure；Ensure that deformation process magnesium alloy blank is in stronger three-dimensional compressive stress state, can effectively reduce crackle and open
Probability is split, improves the Plastic Forming limit.
The present invention realizes magnesium alloy block crystalline substance using alternately backward extrusion method using the violent shear plasticity deformation in backward extrusion
Grain refinement, so as to prepare fine grain magnesium alloy block.
The method that the alternating backward extrusion of the present invention prepares fine grain magnesium alloy, compared with prior art, has the beneficial effect that：
(1) as cast condition or deformation states magnesium alloy cylinder bar are carried out using generic central punch-pin, hollow punch-pin and cavity plate
Alternately backward extrusion, it is iteratively produced severe plastic deformation so as to Refining Mg Alloy crystal grain, become by totally 3 passage above backward extrusion
Shape, can prepare fine grain magnesium alloy materials of the average grain size below 10 μm, not have to special dies compared to other method,
Larger-size fine grain magnesium alloy block materials are easily operated and prepared, have expanded the application of fine grain magnesium alloy.
(2) it is conventional hydraulic machine to realize equipment needed for the inventive method, it is not necessary to additional improvement device structure, equipment letter
Single, cost is low, and efficiency high, easily operated, preparation fine grain magnesium alloy block size is larger, realizes industrialized production.
(3) the inventive method is in severe plastic deformation crystal grain thinning theoretical foundation, using common indirect-extrusion mould and
Hydraulic press carries out multi-pass alternating backward extrusion plastic deformation to magnesium alloy materials and prepares fine grain magnesium alloy block materials, prepared
Fine grain magnesium alloy strength significantly improves with plasticity, provides good condition for the Plastic Forming of follow-up magnesium alloy, expands fine grain magnesium and close
The industrial applicability of gold.
Brief description of the drawings
The alternating backward extrusion of Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention prepares the process chart of the method for fine grain magnesium alloy；
The metallographic structure of the As-extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy rods of the step 1 of Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention 1；
The metallographic structure of fine grain magnesium alloy prepared by Fig. 3 embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
With reference to concrete technology and case study on implementation, the specific method of the present invention is illustrated, but is not limited to this
The scope of invention.
The process chart that the alternating backward extrusion of following examples prepares the method for fine grain magnesium alloy is as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that alternately backward extrusion prepares fine grain magnesium alloy, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, blanking：
By As-extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy rods, magnesium alloy cylinder rod is cut into, wherein, described magnesium alloy cylinder rod
External diameter be 80mm, the height of cylinder rod is 30mm；
Step 2, bar heats：
Magnesium alloy cylinder rod is inserted into heating furnace, with 10 DEG C/s of programming rate, is heated to out crowded 350 DEG C of temperature, is incubated
60min；
Step 3, mould preheats：
By central punch, hollow punch-pin and cavity plate, die heater is inserted, is preheated to 200 DEG C；Wherein central punch is outer
Footpath is 40mm, and the internal diameter of hollow punch-pin is 30mm, and the external diameter of hollow punch-pin is 80mm, and the internal diameter of cavity plate is 80mm, die depth
For 100mm；
Step 4, alternately backward extrusion：
(1) first passage backward extrusion：Central punch is worked, operating rate 10mm/s, descending 15mm, and blank is applied and pressed
Power 1kN, center portion metal is flowed to edge, undergo first time severe plastic deformation, then center portion punch-pin unloads, hollow punch-pin work
Make, operating rate 10mm/s, descending 15mm, apply pressure 1kN to blank, edge metal flows to center portion, second of play of experience
Strong plastic deformation；
(2) blank melts down heating：The blank that a time backward extrusion is terminated, carry out melting down heating, heating-up temperature 320
DEG C, soaking time 5min；
(3) second passage backward extrusion：It is put into after blank top and bottom are overturn in cavity plate, central punch work, work
Speed is 10mm/s, descending 15mm, applies pressure 1kN to blank, center portion metal is flowed to edge, the violent plasticity of experience third time
Deformation, then center portion punch-pin unloading, hollow punch-pin work, operating rate 8mm/s, descending 15mm, pressure is applied to blank
1kN, edge metal flow to center portion, undergo the 4th severe plastic deformation；
(4) blank melts down heating：The blank that two passage backward extrusion are terminated, carry out melting down heating, heating-up temperature 290
DEG C, soaking time 5min；
(5) the 3rd passage backward extrusion：It is put into after blank top and bottom are overturn in cavity plate, central punch work, work
Speed is 6mm/s, descending 15mm, applies pressure 1kN to blank, center portion metal is flowed to edge, the violent plasticity of experience third time
Deformation, then center portion punch-pin unloading, hollow punch-pin work, operating rate 6mm/s, descending 15mm, pressure is applied to blank
1kN, edge metal flow to center portion, undergo the 4th severe plastic deformation；
Step 5, final passage forging：
By magnesium alloy deformation part, female bottom, central punch and the descending extruding simultaneously of hollow punch-pin are placed in after upper and lower reverse side,
Obtain fine grain magnesium alloy；Wherein, central punch is identical with the extrusion speed of hollow punch-pin, and is 1mm/s, central punch and sky
The Bottom Runby of cardiac prominence mould is identical, and is 4mm.
The metallographic structure of the As-extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy rods of the step 1 of the present embodiment is as shown in Fig. 2 step 5 is prepared
Fine grain magnesium alloy metallographic structure as shown in figure 3, as can be seen, the metallographic structure of original As-extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy rods
Average grain size is about 60.5 μm, after the extruding of 3 passages, the crystalline substance of 99% area above in the metallographic structure of gained magnesium alloy block
Particle size is less than 10 μm, and average grain size is about 3.2 μm.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that alternately backward extrusion prepares fine grain magnesium alloy, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, blanking：
By as-cast magnesium alloy bar, magnesium alloy cylinder rod is cut into；
Step 2, bar heats：
Magnesium alloy cylinder rod is inserted into heating furnace, with 15 DEG C/s of programming rate, is heated to out crowded 380 DEG C of temperature, is incubated
60min；
Step 3, mould preheats：
By central punch, hollow punch-pin and cavity plate, die heater is inserted, is preheated to 230 DEG C；Wherein, described magnesium closes
The external diameter of golden cylinder rod is 80mm, and the height of cylinder rod is 30mm, and the external diameter of central punch is 40mm, hollow punch-pin it is interior
Footpath is 30mm, and the external diameter of hollow punch-pin is 80mm, and the internal diameter of cavity plate is 80mm, die depth 100mm；
Step 4, alternately backward extrusion：
(1) first passage backward extrusion：Central punch is worked, operating rate 15mm/s, descending 10mm, and blank is applied and pressed
Power 1.5kN, center portion metal is flowed to edge, undergo first time severe plastic deformation, then center portion punch-pin unloads, hollow punch-pin work
Make, operating rate 12mm/s, descending 10mm, apply pressure 1.5kN to blank, edge metal flows to center portion, second of experience
Severe plastic deformation；
(2) blank melts down heating：The blank that a time backward extrusion is terminated, carry out melting down heating, heating-up temperature 350
DEG C, soaking time 5min；
(3) second passage backward extrusion：It is put into after blank top and bottom are overturn in cavity plate, central punch work, work
Speed is 12mm/s, descending 10mm, applies pressure 1kN to blank, center portion metal is flowed to edge, the violent plasticity of experience third time
Deformation, then center portion punch-pin unloading, hollow punch-pin work, operating rate 10mm/s, descending 10mm, pressure is applied to blank
1kN, edge metal flow to center portion, undergo the 4th severe plastic deformation；
(4) blank melts down heating：The blank that two passage backward extrusion are terminated, carry out melting down heating, heating-up temperature 330
DEG C, soaking time 5min；
(5) the 3rd passage backward extrusion：It is put into after blank top and bottom are overturn in cavity plate, central punch work, work
Speed is 9mm/s, descending 10mm, applies pressure 1kN to blank, center portion metal is flowed to edge, the violent plasticity of experience third time
Deformation, then center portion punch-pin unloading, hollow punch-pin work, operating rate 8mm/s, descending 10mm, pressure is applied to blank
1kN, edge metal flow to center portion, undergo the 4th severe plastic deformation；
Step 5, final passage forging：
By magnesium alloy deformation part, female bottom, central punch and the descending extruding simultaneously of hollow punch-pin are placed in after upper and lower reverse side,
Obtain fine grain magnesium alloy；Wherein, central punch is identical with the extrusion speed of hollow punch-pin, and is 2mm/s, central punch and sky
The Bottom Runby of cardiac prominence mould is identical, and is 5mm.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method that alternately backward extrusion prepares fine grain magnesium alloy, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, blanking：
By as-cast magnesium alloy bar, magnesium alloy cylinder rod is cut into；Wherein, the external diameter of magnesium alloy cylinder rod is
80mm, the height of cylinder rod is 30mm,
Step 2, bar heats：
Magnesium alloy cylinder rod is inserted into heating furnace, with 10 DEG C/s of programming rate, is heated to out crowded 300 DEG C of temperature, is incubated
90min；
Step 3, mould preheats：
By central punch, hollow punch-pin and cavity plate, die heater is inserted, is preheated to 180 DEG C；Wherein, central punch
External diameter is 40mm, and the internal diameter of hollow punch-pin is 30mm, and the external diameter of hollow punch-pin is 80mm, and the internal diameter of cavity plate is 80mm, and cavity plate is deep
Spend for 100mm；
Step 4, alternately backward extrusion：
(1) first passage backward extrusion：Central punch works, operating rate 8mm/s, descending 6mm, applies pressure to blank
1.2kN, center portion metal is flowed to edge, undergo first time severe plastic deformation, then center portion punch-pin unloads, hollow punch-pin work
Make, operating rate 10mm/s, descending 6mm, apply pressure 1.2kN to blank, edge metal flows to center portion, second of play of experience
Strong plastic deformation；
(2) blank melts down heating：The blank that a time backward extrusion is terminated, carry out melting down heating, heating-up temperature 275
DEG C, soaking time 5min；
(3) second passage backward extrusion：It is put into after blank top and bottom are overturn in cavity plate, central punch work, work
Speed is 7mm/s, descending 25mm, applies pressure 1kN to blank, center portion metal is flowed to edge, the violent plasticity of experience third time
Deformation, then center portion punch-pin unloading, hollow punch-pin work, operating rate 9mm/s, descending 25mm, pressure is applied to blank
1kN, edge metal flow to center portion, undergo the 4th severe plastic deformation；
(4) blank melts down heating：The blank that two passage backward extrusion are terminated, carry out melting down heating, heating-up temperature 250
DEG C, soaking time 5min；
(5) the 3rd passage backward extrusion：It is put into after blank top and bottom are overturn in cavity plate, central punch work, work
Speed is 6mm/s, descending 25mm, applies pressure 1kN to blank, center portion metal is flowed to edge, the violent plasticity of experience third time
Deformation, then center portion punch-pin unloading, hollow punch-pin work, operating rate 8mm/s, descending 25mm, pressure is applied to blank
1kN, edge metal flow to center portion, undergo the 4th severe plastic deformation；
Step 5, final passage forging：
By magnesium alloy deformation part, female bottom, central punch and the descending extruding simultaneously of hollow punch-pin are placed in after upper and lower reverse side,
Obtain fine grain magnesium alloy；Wherein, central punch is identical with the extrusion speed of hollow punch-pin, and is 1.5mm/s, central punch and
The Bottom Runby of hollow punch-pin is identical, and is 3mm.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. method that alternately backward extrusion prepares fine grain magnesium alloy, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Step 1, blanking：By magnesium alloy, magnesium alloy cylinder rod is cut into；Step 2, bar heats：By magnesium alloy cylinder rod, with 10~15 DEG C/s of programming rate, crowded 350~380 DEG C of temperature is heated to out, insulation 60~ 90min；Step 3, mould preheats：By central punch, hollow punch-pin and cavity plate, 180~230 DEG C are preheated to；Wherein, the outside dimension of cylinder rod is hollow The outside dimension of punch-pin, the height of cylinder rod：Die depth=0.25~0.5, external diameter=hollow punch-pin of central punch Internal diameter, the external diameter of central punch：External diameter=1 of hollow punch-pin：(2~3), the internal diameter of external diameter=cavity plate of hollow punch-pin；Step 4, alternately backward extrusion：By magnesium alloy cylinder rod, the backward extrusion of 3~6 passages is carried out, magnesium alloy deformation part is made；The operation of every time backward extrusion It is sequentially identical；Between every two passages backward extrusion, carry out a blank and melt down heating, turn-over above and below blank is placed in into female bottom enters The lower a time backward extrusion of row；The extrusion speed of each backward extrusion reduces by 1~3mm/s than the extrusion speed of a preceding backward extrusion, often Blank, which melts down the temperature of heating the temperature of heating is melted down than a preceding blank, reduces by 20~30 DEG C, and each blank melts down heating Time all same；Wherein, backward extrusion first, magnesium alloy cylinder rod is placed in female bottom, central punch is descending, middle cardiac prominence The extrusion speed of mould is 8~15mm/s, the Bottom Runby of central punch：Height=1 of magnesium alloy cylinder rod：(2~5), in Cardiac prominence mould unloads；Then, hollow punch-pin is descending, and the extrusion speed of hollow punch-pin is 10~12mm/s, the lower line-spacing of hollow punch-pin From the Bottom Runby of=central punch；The temperature that blank melts down heating first is 300~350 DEG C, and blank melts down the time of heating For 5~10min；Step 5, final passage forging：By magnesium alloy deformation part, female bottom, central punch and the descending extruding simultaneously of hollow punch-pin are placed in after upper and lower reverse side, is obtained Fine grain magnesium alloy；Wherein, central punch is identical with the extrusion speed of hollow punch-pin, and is 1~2mm/s, central punch and sky The Bottom Runby of cardiac prominence mould is identical, and is 3~5mm.
- 2. the method according to claim 1 that alternately backward extrusion prepares fine grain magnesium alloy, it is characterised in that described step In 1, magnesium alloy is as cast condition or deformation states magnesium alloy ingot/bar.
- 3. the method according to claim 1 that alternately backward extrusion prepares fine grain magnesium alloy, it is characterised in that described step In 1, the external diameter of described magnesium alloy cylinder rod is 60~100mm, and the height of cylinder rod is 30~50mm, and die depth is 60~200mm；In described step 3, the external diameter of central punch is 30~50mm, and the internal diameter of hollow punch-pin is 30~50mm, empty The external diameter of cardiac prominence mould is 60~100mm, and the internal diameter of cavity plate is 60~100mm；In described step 4, backward extrusion first, middle cardiac prominence The Bottom Runby of mould is 15~25mm.
- 4. the method according to claim 1 that alternately backward extrusion prepares fine grain magnesium alloy, it is characterised in that described step In 2, heat treatment uses heating furnace.
- 5. the method according to claim 1 that alternately backward extrusion prepares fine grain magnesium alloy, it is characterised in that described step In 3, preheating uses die heater.
- 6. the method according to claim 1 that alternately backward extrusion prepares fine grain magnesium alloy, it is characterised in that described step In 4, blank melts down heating and uses heating furnace.
- 7. the method according to claim 1 that alternately backward extrusion prepares fine grain magnesium alloy, it is characterised in that described step In 4, each backward extrusion process, blank experience severe plastic deformation, when central punch is descending, apply 1 to magnesium alloy blank edge ~1.5kN back pressure, then, when hollow punch-pin is descending, apply 1~1.5kN back pressure to magnesium alloy blank center portion.
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| CN109794522A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-05-24 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of preparation method of fine grain magnesium alloy right-angled trapezium part |
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| CN113635000B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-08-18 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Extrusion-rolling composite forming method for magnesium alloy ring piece |
| CN115365503B (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-08-01 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of aluminum nitride reinforced aluminum alloy cylinder sleeve |
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| CN1310711C (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2007-04-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Reverse temperature field extrusion process for producing microcrystal magnesium alloy |
| CN101463454B (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2010-06-16 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing bulk nano/superfine crystal grain magnesium alloy by twinning deformation |
| CN102266873B (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2013-06-12 | 北京工业大学 | Two-stage backward extrusion device and extrusion method for Mg-Gd-Er-Zr alloy |
| CN102766832B (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2013-10-16 | 太原理工大学 | Bidirectional reciprocating extrusion strengthening method for magnesium alloy blocks |
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