CN109622648B - Asymmetric continuous large-deformation extrusion forming method for magnesium alloy - Google Patents
Asymmetric continuous large-deformation extrusion forming method for magnesium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN109622648B CN109622648B CN201910022901.3A CN201910022901A CN109622648B CN 109622648 B CN109622648 B CN 109622648B CN 201910022901 A CN201910022901 A CN 201910022901A CN 109622648 B CN109622648 B CN 109622648B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/06—Making sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
Abstract
The invention discloses an asymmetric continuous large-deformation extrusion processing and forming method for magnesium alloy, and belongs to the field of plastic forming of nonferrous metals. The invention adopts an asymmetric continuous extrusion die to realize the extrusion forming of the magnesium alloy plate shape. The specific processing technology comprises the following steps: the plate-shaped casting material is obtained by performing sub-rapid solidification and pouring on a small amount of multi-element magnesium alloy, then the magnesium alloy plate-shaped casting material is placed in a detachable mold core, heated by an external heating furnace and placed in a mold base, pressure is applied by an extrusion rod after mold closing, the plate-shaped casting material is upset and extruded to deform in an upset and extrusion cavity on the upper portion of the mold core, then the extrusion rod continues to apply pressure, the plate-shaped casting material generates asymmetric extrusion deformation through an asymmetric molding channel hole, deformation is further intensified on the basis of continuous variable cross-section large-deformation extrusion, and the sheet magnesium alloy with optimized performance is prepared. The magnesium alloy sheet-shaped part with uniform structure and optimized performance can be obtained by the processing technology of the invention.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention belongs to the field of plastic forming of non-ferrous metal.
Background
Due to the weight reduction requirement of industries such as aviation, aerospace, automobiles, 3C and the like in recent years, magnesium alloy is increasingly regarded as an important new engineering material. But the existing use condition does not exert the potential advantages of the traditional method, and the scale of the practical industrial application is small. The crystal structure of the magnesium alloy is a close-packed hexagonal structure, and the plastic forming capability at room temperature is poor, so that the magnesium alloy is greatly restricted in practical application. At present, most magnesium alloy products are die-cast, but the types of the products of castings are few, the performance is not ideal enough, and the structure defect easily exists, so that the application range of the magnesium alloy is greatly restricted. The strength and the plasticity of the wrought magnesium alloy are generally superior to those of cast magnesium alloy, and the wrought magnesium alloy has development potential and application space. Therefore, the development of the wrought magnesium alloy is promoted to have important significance. The multi-element small quantity sub-rapid solidification is an important means for preparing high-performance metal materials with new structures, and several trace elements are added into the magnesium alloy to shorten the solidification time, so that the trace elements are directly dissolved in a matrix in a solid mode, different precipitation phases are separated out, the growth of crystal grains and the component segregation of the alloy are inhibited, the process is shortened, and the performance is optimized.
The magnesium alloy plate is used as the lightest metal structure material and has wide application prospect in various fields. At present, the traditional plastic deformation process of the magnesium alloy has the problems of small deformation, limited grain refining capacity, uneven structure, even cracks and the like easily, and the formed product is difficult to meet the social requirements. In recent years, many researchers gradually develop various plastic large deformation technologies on the basis of traditional plastic forming, the technologies can obviously refine crystal grains and weaken textures, high-strength and high-toughness magnesium alloy products meeting market demands can be obtained, and the technology is a plastic forming technology which is concerned with much attention. The asymmetric section has asymmetric section, so that the flow speed of metal is greatly changed during extrusion forming, and the plastic large deformation of the metal can be realized. Therefore, the patent invents an asymmetric continuous large-deformation extrusion compounding process, and the method introduces an asymmetric deformation process before an extrusion process. The refining effect of magnesium alloy crystal grains is greatly improved through multi-pass plastic large deformation, so that the comprehensive performance of the magnesium alloy is improved, and the magnesium alloy sheet-shaped piece with uniform structure and optimized performance is obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wrought magnesium alloy processing method and a forming method thereof, which are used for meeting the requirements of the production of a sheet material of the wrought magnesium alloy, realizing the strengthening and toughening of the wrought magnesium alloy and obtaining a magnesium alloy sheet-shaped part with uniform structure and optimized performance. Compared with the traditional forming process, the asymmetric continuous large-deformation extrusion composite processing method is more favorable for optimizing the internal organization structure through multi-pass large plastic deformation.
The asymmetric continuous large-deformation extrusion compounding process is characterized in that a blank firstly generates upsetting-extrusion deformation and then generates asymmetric extrusion deformation in the processing process through a die core structure with a variable cross section. Under the action of three-dimensional compressive stress, the structure defects are eliminated, crystal grains are refined, the microstructure is improved, and the performance is optimized.
A specific embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of:
1. assembling a mould; the die consists of a male die and a female die; the male die consists of a top plate and an extrusion rod 3, the extrusion rod 3 is fixedly arranged on the upper die frame 1, and the top plate is arranged on the female die and pressed above the blank 8; the female die consists of a female die outer ring 9 and two detachable die cores 10; the female die outer ring 9 is a circular truncated cone-shaped structure with an oblate through hole processed in the center, and two detachable die cores 10 can be spliced into a flat cylinder to be arranged in the female die outer ring 9; the middle of the spliced oblate column is provided with a mold cavity 11;
the extrusion rod 3 is fixed below the upper die frame 1 through a bolt, the fixing plate 4 is fixed below the upper die frame 1 through a bolt, the spring 5 is fixed between the fixing plate 4 and the discharging plate 6 through a bolt, the detachable die core 10 is arranged in the outer ring 9 of the die, the outer ring 9 of the die is fixed on the lower die frame 12 through a flange, the upper die frame 1 and the lower die frame 12 are positioned through the guide sleeve 2 and the guide pillar 7, the outlet of the extrusion section of the die cavity 11 is opposite to the opening of the lower die holder 12, and the central axis of the die cavity 11 is coincident with the central axis of the lower die holder.
2. Uniformly spraying a lubricant in the die cavity; the lubricant is glass, graphite or aluminum powder lubricant;
3. placing a plurality of magnesium alloy blanks subjected to sub-rapid solidification casting molding into a mold cavity of the detachable mold core 10, and heating to 200-450 ℃ through an external heating furnace; the die cavity comprises an upsetting extrusion cavity 13 and an extrusion cavity 14; the upsetting-extruding cavity 13 is arranged at the upper part of the die cavity, and the cross section of the upsetting-extruding cavity is rectangular; the extrusion cavity 14 is arranged below the upsetting-extruding cavity 13, the cross section of the extrusion cavity is also rectangular, but the width of the extrusion cavity is smaller than that of the upsetting-extruding cavity 13, and the extrusion cavity 14 and the upsetting-extruding cavity 13 are in smooth transition through a chamfer; the forming channel hole 15 is arranged below the extrusion cavity 14, the cross section of the forming channel hole 15 is rectangular, and the width and the thickness of the forming channel hole 15 are smaller than those of the extrusion cavity 14; the shaping channel holes 15 are of asymmetric design and comprise: the length direction is asymmetric and the thickness direction is asymmetric; the length direction is asymmetric, namely the central axis of the forming channel hole 15 is deviated from the central axis of the extrusion cavity 14; the thickness direction is asymmetric, namely the two grooves which are spliced to form the forming channel holes 15 on the two detachable mold cores 10 have different depths.
4. Putting the heated blank and a detachable mold core 10 into a female mold outer ring 9, extruding the plate-shaped casting material under constant pressure by an extrusion rod 3, sequentially passing through an upsetting extrusion cavity 13 and an extrusion cavity 14, and extruding the casting material from a forming channel hole 15 at constant speed to obtain a magnesium alloy plate-shaped part; the extrusion speed is 0.1m/min-4m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 4-100; the cutting edge direction of the upsetting-extruding cavity 13 is vertical to the cutting edge direction of the extruding cavity 14;
5. after the extrusion is finished, a stress relief annealing process can be adopted for the magnesium alloy, and the temperature is kept at the temperature of 150-400 ℃ for 0.5-2h so as to eliminate the work hardening generated in the plastic deformation process of the magnesium alloy.
6. And (3) carrying out cryogenic treatment, keeping the temperature for 24h at the liquid nitrogen temperature, wherein the cryogenic treatment can effectively refine crystal grains, separate out a second phase, and generate internal stress in the alloy under the action of chilling and shock heating to generate sub-crystals. And then artificial aging can be carried out for a short time (aging at the temperature of 150-.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the asymmetric continuous large-deformation extrusion composite processing method and the die to replace the traditional extrusion method, and obtains better effect on the aspect of forming the deformed magnesium alloy plate. The method realizes multi-pass continuous plastic large deformation of the deformed magnesium alloy, can shorten the process, accumulates enough equivalent strain and obtains the magnesium alloy sheet-shaped piece with fine crystal grains and excellent performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the assembly of the inventive tooling die;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a detachable core in a mold;
fig. 3 and 4 are sectional views of the removable core;
FIGS. 5 and 6 are schematic views of asymmetrically shaped channel holes in the length direction;
fig. 7 and 8 are schematic views of asymmetrically shaped channel holes in the thickness direction.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the steps of the method of the present invention.
In the drawing, the die comprises an upper die frame 1, an upper die frame 2, a guide sleeve 3, an extrusion rod 4, a fixing plate 5, a spring 6, a stripper plate 7, a guide pillar 8, a blank 9, a female die outer ring 10, a detachable die core 11, a die cavity 12, a lower die frame 13, an upsetting and extruding cavity 14, an extrusion cavity 15 and a forming channel hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and figures. These examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but not to limit it.
Example 1 Mg-1.2Zn-0.5Ca-0.3Mn (wt.%)
1. Assembling a mould; the die consists of a male die and a female die; the male die consists of a top plate and an extrusion rod 3, the extrusion rod 3 is fixedly arranged on the upper die frame 1, and the top plate is arranged on the female die and pressed above the blank 8; the female die consists of a female die outer ring 9 and two detachable die cores 10; the female die outer ring 9 is a circular truncated cone-shaped structure with an oblate through hole processed in the center, and two detachable die cores 10 can be spliced into a flat cylinder to be arranged in the female die outer ring 9; the middle of the spliced oblate column is provided with a mold cavity 11;
the extrusion rod 3 is fixed below the upper die frame 1 through a bolt, the fixing plate 4 is fixed below the upper die frame 1 through a bolt, the spring 5 is fixed between the fixing plate 4 and the discharging plate 6 through a bolt, the detachable die core 10 is arranged in the outer ring 9 of the die, the outer ring 9 of the die is fixed on the lower die frame 12 through a flange, the upper die frame 1 and the lower die frame 12 are positioned through the guide sleeve 2 and the guide pillar 7, the outlet of the extrusion section of the die cavity 11 is opposite to the opening of the lower die holder 12, and the central axis of the die cavity 11 is coincident with the central axis of the lower die holder.
2. Uniformly spraying a lubricant in the die cavity; the lubricant is glass, graphite or aluminum powder lubricant;
3. putting the magnesium alloy blank into a die cavity of the detachable die core 10, and heating to 250 ℃ through an external heating furnace; the die cavity comprises an upsetting extrusion cavity 13 and an extrusion cavity 14; the upsetting-extruding cavity 13 is arranged at the upper part of the die cavity, and the cross section of the upsetting-extruding cavity is rectangular; the extrusion cavity 14 is arranged below the upsetting-extruding cavity 13, the cross section of the extrusion cavity is also rectangular, but the width of the extrusion cavity is smaller than that of the upsetting-extruding cavity 13, and the extrusion cavity 14 and the upsetting-extruding cavity 13 are in smooth transition through a chamfer; the forming channel hole 15 is arranged below the extrusion cavity 14, the cross section of the forming channel hole 15 is rectangular, and the width and the thickness of the forming channel hole 15 are smaller than those of the extrusion cavity 14; the shaping channel holes 15 are of asymmetric design and comprise: the length direction is asymmetric and the thickness direction is asymmetric; the length direction is asymmetric, namely the central axis of the forming channel hole 15 is deviated from the central axis of the extrusion cavity 14; the thickness direction is asymmetric, namely the two grooves which are spliced to form the forming channel holes 15 on the two detachable mold cores 10 have different depths.
4. Putting the heated blank and a detachable mold core 10 into a female mold outer ring 9, extruding the plate-shaped casting material under constant pressure of an extrusion rod 3, sequentially passing through an upsetting extrusion cavity 13 and an extrusion cavity 14, and extruding from a forming channel hole 15 to obtain a magnesium alloy plate-shaped part; the extrusion speed is 2.0m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 25; the cutting edge direction of the upsetting-extruding cavity 13 is vertical to the cutting edge direction of the extruding cavity 14;
5. after the extrusion is finished, a stress relief annealing process can be adopted for the magnesium alloy, and the temperature is kept at 350 ℃ for 2h to eliminate the work hardening of the magnesium alloy in the plastic deformation process.
6. And (3) carrying out cryogenic treatment, keeping the temperature for 24h at the liquid nitrogen temperature, wherein the cryogenic treatment can effectively refine crystal grains, separate out a second phase, and generate internal stress in the alloy under the action of chilling and shock heating to generate sub-crystals. And then, artificial aging can be carried out for a short time (aging at 180 ℃ for 1 h), the cryogenic treatment plays a role in pre-aging, and the aging is carried out for a short time after the cryogenic treatment, so that the strength of the alloy can be further improved on the premise of ensuring the plasticity.
The test results are shown in the following table:
example 2 Mg-1.2Al-1Zn-0.3Sn (wt.%)
In the embodiment, the heating is carried out to 300 ℃ by an external heating furnace; the extrusion speed was 2.5m/min and the extrusion ratio was 50. Performing extrusion forming to obtain a sheet-shaped part, performing stress relief annealing on the magnesium alloy plate, and performing heat preservation for 1h at 300 ℃; then carrying out cryogenic treatment, and preserving heat for 24 hours at the temperature of liquid nitrogen; then artificial aging is carried out, aging is carried out for 1h at 150 ℃, and the performance is further optimized.
The test results are shown in the following table:
example 3 Mg-1.2Sn-0.8Zn-0.5Mn (wt.%)
In the embodiment, the heating is carried out to 350 ℃ in an external heating furnace; the extrusion speed was 3m/min and the extrusion ratio was 100. After a sheet-shaped piece is obtained, stress relief annealing is carried out on the magnesium alloy plate, and the temperature is kept at 350 ℃ for 1 h; then carrying out cryogenic treatment, and preserving heat for 24 hours at the temperature of liquid nitrogen; then artificial aging is carried out, and aging is carried out for 1h at 180 ℃, so that the performance is further optimized.
The test results are shown in the following table:
| grain size | Yield strength/MPa | Tensile strength/MPa | Elongation/percent | |
| Before extrusion | 95 | 144 | 192 | 14.5 |
| After extrusion | 5.0 | 257 | 316 | 21.5 |
Claims (3)
1. The asymmetric continuous large-deformation extrusion processing and forming method of the magnesium alloy is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
1) assembling the mold; the die consists of a male die and a female die; the male die is composed of a top plate and an extrusion rod (3), the extrusion rod (3) is fixedly arranged on the upper die frame (1), and the top plate is arranged on the female die and pressed above the blank (8); the female die consists of a female die outer ring (9) and two detachable die cores (10); the female die outer ring (9) is of a circular truncated cone-shaped structure with an oblate through hole machined in the center, and two detachable die cores (10) can be spliced into a flat cylinder to be arranged in the female die outer ring (9); the middle of the spliced oblate column is provided with a mold cavity (11);
an extrusion rod (3) is fixed below an upper die frame (1) through a bolt, a fixed plate (4) is fixed below the upper die frame (1) through a bolt, a spring (5) is fixed between the fixed plate (4) and a discharging plate (6) through a bolt, a detachable die core (10) is arranged in a female die outer ring (9), the female die outer ring (9) is fixed on a lower die frame (12) through a flange, the upper die frame (1) and the lower die frame (12) are positioned through a guide sleeve (2) and a guide pillar (7), an extrusion section outlet of a die cavity (11) is opposite to an opening of a lower die base (12), and the central axis of the die cavity (11) is superposed with the central axis of the lower die base (12);
2) evenly spraying a lubricant in the die cavity; the lubricant is glass, graphite or aluminum powder lubricant;
3) placing a plurality of magnesium alloy blanks subjected to sub-rapid solidification casting molding into a mold cavity of a detachable mold core (10), and heating to 200-450 ℃ through an external heating furnace; the die cavity comprises an upsetting extrusion cavity (13) and an extrusion cavity (14); the upsetting-extruding cavity (13) is arranged at the upper part of the die cavity, and the cross section of the upsetting-extruding cavity is rectangular; the extrusion cavity (14) is arranged below the upsetting-extruding cavity (13), the cross section of the extrusion cavity is also rectangular, but the width of the extrusion cavity is smaller than that of the upsetting-extruding cavity (13), and the extrusion cavity (14) and the upsetting-extruding cavity (13) are in smooth transition through corner cutting; the forming channel hole (15) is arranged below the extrusion cavity (14), the cross section of the forming channel hole (15) is rectangular, and the length and the thickness of the forming channel hole (15) are both smaller than those of the extrusion cavity (14); the shaping channel orifice (15) is of asymmetric design and comprises: the length direction is asymmetric and the thickness direction is asymmetric; the length direction is asymmetric, namely the central axis of the forming channel hole (15) is deviated from the central axis of the extrusion cavity (14); the thickness direction is asymmetric, namely the two grooves of the forming channel hole (15) spliced on the two detachable mold cores (10) have different depths;
4) putting the heated blank and a detachable mold core (10) into a female mold outer ring (9), extruding the plate-shaped magnesium alloy blank under the constant pressure of an extrusion rod (3) through an upsetting extrusion cavity (13) and an extrusion cavity (14) in sequence, and extruding the magnesium alloy blank from a forming channel hole (15) at a constant speed to obtain a magnesium alloy sheet-shaped part; the extrusion speed is 0.1-4 m/min, and the extrusion ratio is 4-100; the cutting edge direction of the upsetting and extruding cavity (13) is vertical to the cutting edge direction of the extruding cavity (14).
2. The asymmetric continuous large-deformation extrusion forming method of the magnesium alloy according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising the following steps:
and 5) after the extrusion in the step 4 is finished, performing a stress relief annealing process on the magnesium alloy, and preserving the heat for 0.5-2h at the temperature of 150-.
3. The asymmetric continuous large-deformation extrusion forming method of the magnesium alloy as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the method further comprises:
and 6) carrying out cryogenic treatment after the step 5 is finished, keeping the temperature for 24h at the liquid nitrogen temperature, and then carrying out artificial aging for a short time, namely aging for 1-2h at the temperature of 150-.
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| JPH10166037A (en) * | 1996-12-12 | 1998-06-23 | Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd | Extruding device for variable section |
| CN101850376A (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2010-10-06 | 常州工学院 | Method and die for forward extrusion and variable diameter bending extrusion of magnesium alloy semi-solid billets |
| CN105032964A (en) * | 2015-09-19 | 2015-11-11 | 太原理工大学 | Continuous extrusion machining device used for magnesium alloy sheet strip with weak basal texture and extrusion machining method |
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