CN107974652B - A kind of extrusion shearing mold and manufacturing process for realizing magnesium alloy grains - Google Patents
A kind of extrusion shearing mold and manufacturing process for realizing magnesium alloy grains Download PDFInfo
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- CN107974652B CN107974652B CN201711234155.1A CN201711234155A CN107974652B CN 107974652 B CN107974652 B CN 107974652B CN 201711234155 A CN201711234155 A CN 201711234155A CN 107974652 B CN107974652 B CN 107974652B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention belongs to magnesium alloy deformation technologies and mould design and manufacture field, are related to a kind of extrusion shearing mold and manufacturing process for realizing magnesium alloy grains.The extrusion shearing mold includes briquetting, sleeve and extrusion shearing insert；It include extrusion cup, extruded segment, cut section, shaped segment and discharge zone on the half module of extrusion shearing insert.The disadvantages of requirement the present invention overcomes the prior art to equipment extruding force, mould structure and intensity is high, complex process；A kind of extrusion shearing mold and manufacturing process for effectively realizing magnesium alloy grains is provided, the mould structure is simple, and method is easy, and easily operated and effect is obvious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of extrusion shearing molds and manufacturing process for realizing magnesium alloy grains, belong to magnesium alloy change
Shape technology and mould design and manufacture field.
Background technique
Magnesium alloy is known as the green material of 21 century resource and environment sustainable development, it has also become the coke of various countries' concern
Point.Due to the Patterns for Close-Packed Hexagonal Crystal structure of magnesium alloy, keep magnesium alloy plastic deformation ability poor, currently, 90% or more magnesium alloy is to cast
What the form of part obtained.The magnesium alloy strength obtained under the conditions of routine casting is low, greatly limits the wide of magnesium alloy
General application.Compared with cast magnesium alloy, the crystal grain of wrought magnesium alloy is more tiny, and casting flaw is reduced, and even is eliminated, to make
The comprehensive mechanical property of product increases substantially, and by plastic deformation can produce size, multi-size magnesium alloy bar,
Pipe, profile, wire rod, plate and forging products, to meet requirement of the different occasions to magnesium alloy structural part service performance, to expansion
Magnesium alloy application range has important practical significance.According to Hall-Petch formula, alloy strength is main and crystallite dimension has
Directly contact.In recent years, it is had carried out some research in terms of magnesium alloy grains, mainly such as by large plastometric set method
Equal channel pressings, tandem rolling, asymmetrical rolling, reciprocating extrusion, high ratio extrusion, multiway forging and it is great-deformation hot-rolled come so that brilliant
Grain refinement, although these methods play a role clearly to magnesium alloy grains, these method and processes are complicated, operate numerous
It is trivial, and product size is limited, is not suitable for industrial applications.For example, waiting channel pressings (ECAP) is one be concerned in recent years
The kind strong plastic deformation technique of novel metal can make magnesium alloy obtain apparent grain refining effect by this method, but blank needs
It can be only achieved preferable grain refining effect by multi-pass shearing, and magnesium alloy mechanical property is joined by crystallite dimension, deformation
Several is affected, so as to cause its production efficiency is lower and complex process；In addition, channel pressings is waited to may not apply to larger ruler
The preparation of very little profile, application range is also by biggish limitation." ZK60 magnesium alloy ECAP Deformation structure and mechanical property "
(1 phases of volume 42 in 2013) Zhong Wubao is red, and equal discovery as cast condition ZK60 alloy can get average crystal grain ruler after 2 inferior channel pressings
Very little is 20 μm, and tensile mechanical properties can achieve: tensile strength 250MPa, elongation 17.7%, but continues growing equal channels and squeeze
The passage of pressure will cause the reduction of grow up (crystal grain average grain size is 50 μm after 4 passages) and the tensile strength of crystal grain instead
(242MPa).It is refined etc. how " microstructure and mechanical property of the detailed crystalline substance ZK60 magnesium alloy of ECAP legal system " transports in (6 phases in 2011)
It was found that it is about 1-2 μm that As-extruded ZK60 alloy can get average grain size after 4 inferior channel pressings, stretching mechanical
It can reach best: tensile strength 221MPa, elongation 28.1%.But the passage with equal channel pressings increases, crystal grain refinement effect
Fruit is unobvious, and alloy strength raising is smaller, but elongation obviously increases (35.1%).Currently, have continuous corner shearing mold,
It passes through corner shearing twice and achievees the purpose that sufficiently to refine crystal grain, and the angle of corner plays during alloy is shear-deformable
Important role, in the case where experimental condition allows, angle is smaller, and shearing force is bigger, to the degree of grain refinement of alloy
It is more obvious.But requirement of this method to equipment extruding force, mould structure and intensity is very high.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention:
Squeezing for magnesium alloy grains is effectively realized it is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of
Shearing die and manufacturing process are pressed, the mould structure is simple, and method is easy, and easily operated and effect is obvious.
Technical solution:
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of extrusion shearing mold for realizing magnesium alloy grains, including briquetting, sleeve and extrusion shearing insert, briquetting
It is assemblied in sleeve with extrusion shearing insert, places blank between briquetting and extrusion shearing insert；Extrusion shearing insert is with axis
Line is divided into two symmetrical half modules, and half module includes extrusion cup, extruded segment, cut section, shaped segment and discharge zone；Blank successively passes through
Extrusion cup, extruded segment, cut section, shaped segment and discharge zone.
Sleeve inner circle radius R1 is 18-95mm, and end is equipped with empty slot corresponding with extrusion shearing insert discharge zone under a bushing,
Empty slot height L1 is 100-250mm, and empty slot width L2 is 30-50mm；Being equipped with draft angle β with empty slot equal-height position on the inside of sleeve is
1°-1.5°。
Extrusion cup cone angle is 85-95 °, and extruding segment length L2 is 15 ~ 40mm, and extruded segment radius of corner r1 is 10-20mm,
Cut section radius of corner r2 is 5-15mm, and shaped segment radius R2 is 5-15mm, and land length L3 is 3-5mm, outlet area radius
R3 is that shaped segment radius R2 adds 1mm.
A kind of extrusion ratio R1 of extrusion shearing mold that realizing magnesium alloy grains2/R22For 12-40.
A kind of manufacturing process for realizing magnesium alloy grains, the manufacturing process the following steps are included:
Step 1: by cylindrical cast magnesium alloy blank heating to 300-550 DEG C, and keeping the temperature 5-20 hours, carries out uniform
Change processing；
Step 2: sleeve and extrusion shearing insert are assembled together, and are preheated to 300-450 DEG C；Briquetting is preheated to
200-250℃；
Step 3: the blank after Homogenization Treatments is again heated to 300-550 DEG C, and after heat preservation 2 hours, is placed in set
The top of extrusion shearing insert, is put into briquetting in blank upper end and is squeezed in cylinder, extrusion speed 1.5-2.5m/min, and is covering
The outer end of cylinder empty slot carries out bar air-cooled；
Step 4: after extruding, sleeve being paved, and places mandril for briquetting, extrusion shearing insert above briquetting
It is ejected with magnesium alloy rod from sleeve lower end, opens extrusion shearing insert and obtain magnesium alloy rod.
Before extruding, high temperature lubricating is smeared in sleeve interior surface, briquetting and blank surface and extrusion shearing insert surfaces externally and internally
Agent.
The material that the manufacturing process uses is Mg-Zn based alloy.
Advantage and effect:
(1) mould structure is simple, and Sizes are easy for assemble or unload, and manufacturing process is easy, and forming process is stablized, magnesium
Alloy Forming quality is high；
(2) mold combines extrusion process with shearing process, can make under lesser extrusion ratio magnesium alloy obtain compared with
Big plastic deformation, effectively Refining Mg Alloy crystallite dimension (be not more than 20 μm), and improve the mechanical property of magnesium alloy；
(3) mold can realize the preparation of fine grain magnesium alloy rod on middle-size and small-size vertical hydraulic press, by converting sleeve
The diameter of internal diameter and extrusion die insert shaped segment, can get various sizes of magnesium alloy rod.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 mold assembling schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 sleeve schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 extrusion shearing insert half module schematic diagram；
The Mg-6Zn-0.5Cu-0.6Zr alloy microscopic structure that Fig. 4 extrusion ratio is 12；
The Mg-4Zn-1Y-0.6Zr alloy microscopic structure that Fig. 5 extrusion ratio is 40.
The Mg-6Zn-0.5Zr alloy microscopic structure that Fig. 6 extrusion ratio is 25.Description of symbols:
1, briquetting；2, blank；3, sleeve；4, extrusion shearing insert；5, extrusion cup；6, extruded segment；
7, cut section；8, shaped segment；9, discharge zone；10, empty slot.
Specific embodiment:
The present invention is added with reference to the accompanying drawing and is described further:
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, a kind of extrusion shearing mold for realizing magnesium alloy grains, including briquetting 1, set
Cylinder 3 and extrusion shearing insert 4, briquetting 1 and extrusion shearing insert 4 are assemblied in sleeve 3, briquetting 1 and extrusion shearing insert 4 it
Between place blank 2；Extrusion shearing insert 4 is divided into two symmetrical half modules with axis, include on half module extrusion cup 5, extruded segment 6,
Cut section 7, shaped segment 8 and discharge zone 9；Blank 2 successively passes through extrusion cup 5, extruded segment 6, cut section 7, shaped segment 8 and discharge zone
9.It is successively briquetting 1, blank 2, extrusion cup 5, extruded segment 6, cut section 7, shaped segment 8 and discharging from top to bottom in 3 cavity of sleeve
Area 9；Wherein it is divided into extrusion cup 5, extruded segment 6 and cut section 7 in half module vertical direction；It is divided into shaped segment 8 in horizontal direction and goes out
Expect area 9.
A kind of extrusion shearing mold for realizing magnesium alloy grains, sleeve inner circle radius R1 range is 18-95mm, is being covered
Cylinder lower end is equipped with empty slot 10 corresponding with extrusion shearing insert discharge zone, and empty slot height L1 range is 100-250mm, empty slot width
L2 range is 30-50mm；Being equipped with draft angle β range with 10 equal-height position of empty slot on the inside of sleeve is 1 ° -1.5 °.
A kind of extrusion shearing mold for realizing magnesium alloy grains, extrusion cup cone angle range is 85-95 °, squeezes segment length
Spending L2 is 15 ~ 40mm, and extruded segment radius of corner r1 is 10-20mm, and cut section radius of corner r2 is 5-15mm, shaped segment radius R2
It is 5-15mm, land length L3 is 3-5mm, and outlet area radius R3 is that shaped segment radius R2 adds 1mm.
A kind of extrusion ratio R1 of extrusion shearing mold that realizing magnesium alloy grains2/R22For 12-40, i.e. extrusion ratio is
Blank radius and forming bar radius squared ratio.
A kind of manufacturing process for realizing magnesium alloy grains, it is characterised in that: the manufacturing process the following steps are included:
Step 1: by cylindrical cast magnesium alloy blank heating to 300-550 DEG C, and keeping the temperature 5-20 hours, carries out uniform
Change processing；
Step 2: sleeve 3 and extrusion shearing insert 4 are assembled together, and are preheated to 300-450 DEG C；Briquetting 1 preheats
To 200-250 DEG C；
Step 3: the blank after Homogenization Treatments is again heated to 300-550 DEG C, and after heat preservation 2 hours, is placed in set
The top of extrusion shearing insert 4, is put into briquetting 1 in 2 upper end of blank and is squeezed in cylinder 3, extrusion speed 1.5-2.5m/min, and
Bar is carried out in the outer end of sleeve empty slot air-cooled；
Step 4: after extruding, sleeve 3 being paved, and is placed mandril above briquetting and inlayed briquetting 1, extrusion shearing
Block 4 and magnesium alloy rod are ejected from 3 lower end of sleeve, are opened extrusion shearing insert 4 and are obtained magnesium alloy rod.
The manufacturing process of the realization magnesium alloy grains, before extruding, in 3 inner surface of sleeve, briquetting 1 and blank table
Face and 4 surfaces externally and internally of extrusion shearing insert smear high-temperature lubricant.
Embodiment 1
Material selection Mg-6Zn-0.5Cu-0.6Zr alloy, setting extrusion ratio are 12.The circle for being first 17.4mm by radius
Cylindrical workpiece is heated to 400 DEG C, and keeps the temperature 10 hours, carries out Homogenization Treatments.Sleeve and the assembly of extrusion shearing insert are existed again
Together, and 400 DEG C are preheated to；Briquetting is preheated to 200 DEG C.Blank after Homogenization Treatments is again heated to 400 DEG C, and is protected
Temperature is placed in the top of extrusion shearing insert in sleeve, is put into briquetting in blank upper end and is squeezed after 2 hours, extrusion speed
For 2.5m/min, and in the outer end of sleeve empty slot bar is carried out air-cooled.Before extruding, in sleeve interior surface, briquetting and blank table
Face and extrusion shearing insert surfaces externally and internally smear high-temperature lubricant MoS2.After extruding, sleeve is paved, and above briquetting
It places mandril and ejects briquetting, extrusion shearing insert and magnesium alloy rod from sleeve lower end, open extrusion shearing insert and obtain magnesium
Alloy bar material.Mold structural dimensions are sleeve inner circle radius R118mm, and empty slot height L1 is 100mm, and empty slot width L2 is
30mm；Draft angle β is 1 °；Extrusion cup cone angle is 90 °, and extruding segment length L2 is 25mm, and extruded segment radius of corner r1 is
10mm, cut section radius of corner r2 are 5mm, and shaped segment radius R2 is 5mm, and land length L3 is 5mm, and outlet area radius R3 is
6mm。
Bar metallographic structure after forming is as shown in figure 4, its crystal grain is tiny, and average grain size is about 15 μm, alloy tensile
Mechanical property can achieve: tensile strength 320.2MPa, yield strength 240.6MPa, elongation 11.8%
Embodiment 2
Material selection Mg-4Zn-1Y-0.5Zr alloy, extrusion ratio 40.The cylinder blank for being first 94.5mm by radius
450 DEG C are heated to, and keeps the temperature 15 hours, carries out Homogenization Treatments.Sleeve and extrusion shearing insert are assembled together again, and pre-
Heat is to 450 DEG C；Briquetting is preheated to 250 DEG C.Blank after Homogenization Treatments is again heated to 450 DEG C, and after heat preservation 2 hours,
It is placed in the top of extrusion shearing insert in sleeve, briquetting is put into blank upper end and is squeezed, extrusion speed 1.5m/min,
And bar is carried out in the outer end of sleeve empty slot air-cooled.Before extruding, in sleeve interior surface, briquetting and blank surface and extrusion shearing
Insert surfaces externally and internally smears high-temperature lubricant MoS2.After extruding, sleeve is paved, and place mandril above briquetting to press
Block, extrusion shearing insert and magnesium alloy rod are ejected from sleeve lower end, are opened extrusion shearing insert and are obtained magnesium alloy rod.Mold
Structural dimensions are that sleeve inner circle radius R1 is 95mm, and empty slot height L1 is 250mm, and empty slot width L2 is 50mm；Depanning is oblique
Spending β is 1.5 °；Extrusion cup cone angle is 95 °, and extruding segment length L2 is 15mm, and extruded segment radius of corner r1 is 20mm, cut section circle
Angular radius r2 is 15mm, and shaped segment radius R2 is 15mm, and land length L3 is 3mm, and outlet area radius R3 is 16mm.
Bar metallographic structure after forming is as shown in figure 5, its crystal grain is tiny, and average grain size is about 20 μm, alloy tensile
Mechanical property can achieve: tensile strength 386.7MPa, yield strength 279.2MPa, elongation 19.5%.
Embodiment 3
Material selection Mg-6Zn-0.5Zr alloy, extrusion ratio 25.The cylinder blank that radius is 49.5mm is added first
Heat keeps the temperature 20 hours to 350 DEG C, carries out Homogenization Treatments.Sleeve and extrusion shearing insert are assembled together again, and preheated
To 350 DEG C；Briquetting is preheated to 220 DEG C.Blank after Homogenization Treatments is again heated to 350 DEG C, and after heat preservation 2 hours, is put
It is placed in the top of extrusion shearing insert in sleeve, briquetting is put into blank upper end and is squeezed, extrusion speed 2m/min, and
The outer end of sleeve empty slot carries out bar air-cooled.Before extruding, in sleeve interior surface, briquetting and blank surface and extrusion shearing insert
Surfaces externally and internally smears high-temperature lubricant MoS2.After extruding, sleeve is paved, and above briquetting place mandril by briquetting,
Extrusion shearing insert and magnesium alloy rod are ejected from sleeve lower end, are opened extrusion shearing insert and are obtained magnesium alloy rod.Mold master
It is 50mm that want structure size, which be sleeve inner circle radius R1, and empty slot height L1 is 150mm, and empty slot width L2 is 40mm；Draft angle β
It is 1.2 °；Extrusion cup cone angle is 85 °, and extruding segment length L2 is 20mm, and extruded segment radius of corner r1 is 15mm, cut section fillet
Radius r2 is 10mm, and shaped segment radius R2 is 10mm, and land length L3 is 4mm, and outlet area radius R3 is 11mm.
Bar metallographic structure after forming is as shown in fig. 6, its crystal grain is tiny, and average grain size is about 15 μm, alloy tensile
Mechanical property can achieve: tensile strength 359.2MPa, yield strength 258.7MPa, elongation 16.5%.
Embodiment 4
Material selection Mg-6Zn-0.5Gd-0.4Zr alloy, setting extrusion ratio are 35.The circle for being first 47.3mm by radius
Cylindrical workpiece is heated to 550 DEG C, and keeps the temperature 5 hours, carries out Homogenization Treatments.Again by sleeve and the assembly of extrusion shearing insert one
It rises, and is preheated to 300 DEG C；Briquetting is preheated to 240 DEG C.Blank after Homogenization Treatments is again heated to 550 DEG C, and keeps the temperature 2
After hour, it is placed in the top of extrusion shearing insert in sleeve, briquetting is put into blank upper end and is squeezed, extrusion speed is
1.8m/min, and it is air-cooled to bar progress in the outer end of sleeve empty slot.Before extruding, in sleeve interior surface, briquetting and blank surface
High-temperature lubricant MoS is smeared with extrusion shearing insert surfaces externally and internally2.After extruding, sleeve is paved, and is put above briquetting
Top set bar ejects briquetting, extrusion shearing insert and magnesium alloy rod from sleeve lower end, opens extrusion shearing insert and obtains magnesium conjunction
Golden bar.Mold structural dimensions are that sleeve inner circle radius R1 is 47.5mm, and empty slot height L1 is 120mm, empty slot width L2
For 30mm；Draft angle β is 1 °；Extrusion cup cone angle is 90 °, and extruding segment length L2 is 25mm, and extruded segment radius of corner r1 is
10mm, cut section radius of corner r2 are 8mm, and shaped segment radius R2 is 8mm, and land length L3 is 5mm, and outlet area radius R3 is
9mm。
Bar metallographic structure after forming is as shown in figure 4, its crystal grain is tiny, and average grain size is about 10 μm, alloy tensile
Mechanical property can achieve: tensile strength 360.2MPa, yield strength 270.6MPa, elongation 17.8%.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of extrusion shearing mold for realizing magnesium alloy grains, including briquetting (1), sleeve (3) and extrusion shearing insert
(4), it is characterised in that: briquetting (1) and extrusion shearing insert (4) are assemblied in sleeve (3), are inlayed in briquetting (1) and extrusion shearing
Blank (2) are placed between block (4)；Extrusion shearing insert (4) is divided into two symmetrical half modules with axis, and half module includes extrusion cup
(5), extruded segment (6), cut section (7), shaped segment (8) and discharge zone (9)；Blank (2) successively passes through extrusion cup (5), extruded segment
(6), cut section (7), shaped segment (8) and discharge zone (9)；
Sleeve inner circle radius (R1) 18-95mm, end is equipped with empty slot (10) corresponding with extrusion shearing insert discharge zone under a bushing,
Empty slot height (L1) 100-250mm, empty slot width (L2) 30-50mm；It is oblique equipped with depanning with empty slot (10) equal-height position on the inside of sleeve
1 ° -1.5 ° of degree (β)；
85-95 ° of extrusion cup cone angle (α) squeezes segment length (L2) 15 ~ 40mm, extruded segment radius of corner (r1) 10-20mm, shearing
Section radius of corner (r2) 5-15mm, shaped segment radius (R2) 5-15mm, land length (L3) 3-5mm, outlet area radius (R3)
For shaped segment radius (R2) plus 1mm.
2. a kind of extrusion shearing mold for realizing magnesium alloy grains according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: squeeze
Pressure ratio R12/R22For 12-40.
3. a kind of manufacturing process of the realization magnesium alloy grains using extrusion shearing mold described in claim 1, special
Sign is: the manufacturing process the following steps are included:
Step 1: by cylindrical cast magnesium alloy blank heating to 300-550 DEG C, and 5-20 hours are kept the temperature, carried out at homogenization
Reason；
Step 2: sleeve (3) and extrusion shearing insert (4) are assembled together, and are preheated to 300-450 DEG C；Briquetting (1) is pre-
Heat is to 200-250 DEG C；
Step 3: the blank (2) after Homogenization Treatments is again heated to 300-550 DEG C, and after heat preservation 2 hours, is placed in set
The top of cylinder (3) interior extrusion shearing insert (4), is put into briquetting (1) in blank (2) upper end and is squeezed, extrusion speed 1.5-
2.5m/min, and it is air-cooled to bar progress in the outer end of sleeve empty slot；
Step 4: after extruding, sleeve (3) being paved, and is placed mandril above briquetting and inlayed briquetting (1), extrusion shearing
Block (4) and magnesium alloy rod are ejected from sleeve (3) lower end, are opened extrusion shearing insert (4) and are obtained magnesium alloy rod.
4. the manufacturing process according to claim 3 for realizing magnesium alloy grains, it is characterised in that: before extruding, covering
Cylinder (3) inner surface, briquetting (1) and blank surface and extrusion shearing insert (4) surfaces externally and internally smear high-temperature lubricant.
5. the manufacturing process according to claim 3 for realizing magnesium alloy grains, it is characterised in that: the manufacturing process is adopted
Material is Mg-Zn based alloy.
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| CN112620372B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-05-24 | 太原理工大学 | Mold and method for preparing weak basal plane texture magnesium alloy plate strip through continuous differential extrusion |
| CN112853186A (en) * | 2021-01-10 | 2021-05-28 | 沈阳工业大学 | Fine-grain high-toughness wrought magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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