CN113828647B - Gradient heating thixotropic extrusion forming method and device for conical nut part - Google Patents
Gradient heating thixotropic extrusion forming method and device for conical nut part Download PDFInfo
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- CN113828647B CN113828647B CN202111026108.4A CN202111026108A CN113828647B CN 113828647 B CN113828647 B CN 113828647B CN 202111026108 A CN202111026108 A CN 202111026108A CN 113828647 B CN113828647 B CN 113828647B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010099 solid forming Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] Chemical class [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/04—Cooling or heating of press heads, dies or mandrels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for gradient heating thixotropic extrusion forming of a conical nut part, and belongs to the field of semi-solid forming. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: heating coils are used for heating the alloy Jin Guancai, different positions of the metal pipe are heated, a female die is provided with a female die heating coil I, a female die heating coil II and a female die heating coil III, the positions of the female die heating coil I, the female die heating coil II and the female die heating coil III correspond to the positions of the alloy pipe needing to be heated, and the alloy pipe is correspondingly heated; the die is convenient to operate, high in production efficiency and easy to realize mechanical and automatic production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for gradient heating thixotropic extrusion forming of a conical nut part, and belongs to the technical field of semi-solid forming.
Background
The metal cone nut part is centrally symmetrical and has the functions of supporting a rotating shaft, connecting, guiding and the like, and is often used in the fields of construction, bridges, aerospace and the like. The traditional shaft sleeve part production method generally adopts liquid casting to form a tubular blank, then adopts machining to process the tubular blank into the shape of a required cone nut part, and adopts the method to form the cone nut part; on the other hand, the blank is subjected to a large amount of mechanical processing, so that the material utilization rate is low, and the production period is long. Another production method is to prepare a pipe by adopting a plastic forming technology and then mechanically process the pipe into a cone nut part, wherein the method requires that the metal material of the cone nut part has good plastic forming capability on one hand, so that the method is not suitable for the metal material with poor plastic forming capability; on the other hand, machining is needed, so that more materials are wasted, the production period is long, and the production cost of products is high.
The metal semi-solid forming technology is a method for forming semi-solid metal slurry in a solid-liquid two-phase temperature range. Compared with the traditional casting and forging, the metal semi-solid forming technology has higher material comprehensive utilization rate, can form parts with complex shapes and higher requirements on precision and performance quality, has low forming temperature and small forming load, and can realize near-end forming, so that the preparation of cone nut parts by adopting the semi-solid forming method is expected to solve the problems of low mechanical property, low material utilization rate and the like in the existing cone nut production, and realize near-end forming, low-cost and high-performance cone nut production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low material utilization rate, poor mechanical property, long production period and the like in the existing cone nut preparation method, and provides a gradient heating thixotropic extrusion forming method for cone nut parts, which comprises the following steps:
(1) And placing the alloy pipe into a preheated die cavity.
(2) Using a heating coil to heat Jin Guancai, dividing the alloy pipe into L 1 、L 2 、L 3 Three sections, the heating process is: heating the three sections at different temperatures, wherein the heating temperatures are respectively T 1 、T 2 、T 3 Wherein T is 1 、T 2 、T 3 、L 1 、L 2 、L 3 Satisfying the following relational formula:
wherein T is S Is the melting point of the alloy pipe material, T R The recrystallization temperature of the alloy pipe is L, and the total height of the nut part is LThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the c is a correction coefficient, 1-5 is taken, h is the thickness of the alloy tube, and the thickness h of the alloy tube meets the relation: h < L 1 、h＜L 2 、h＜L 3 。
(3) And after the heating temperature is reached, driving the male die to extrude the metal pipe, and maintaining the pressure for 5s after extrusion is finished.
(4) And (3) rapidly quenching the extruded cone nut part with water, performing heat treatment, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the cone nut part.
Preferably, when the melting point of the alloy pipe is lower than 400 ℃,，T 2 、T 3 the same is true.
Preferably, the pressing speed of the male die for extruding the metal pipe is 8-12 mm/s.
Preferably, the heat treatment in step (4) of the present invention is a T6 heat treatment.
The invention further aims to provide a device used by the method, which is used for preparing conical nut parts with high material utilization rate, high production efficiency and excellent mechanical properties, and comprises a male die 1, an alloy pipe 2, a female die 3, a female die heating coil I4, a female die heating coil II 5, a female die heating coil III 6 and a core 7; the male die 1 is connected with the top end of the hydraulic machine, and the hydraulic machine controls the male die 1 to vertically move up and down; the diameter of the pressure head of the male die 1 corresponds to the outer diameter of the flange end part of the conical nut part and the inner diameter of the upper part of the female die 3; the female die 3 is fixed on the workbench surface of the hydraulic press, and is internally provided with a female die heating coil I4, a female die heating coil II 5 and a female die heating coil III 6, and the positions of the female die heating coil I4, the female die heating coil II 5 and the female die heating coil III 6 correspond to the positions of the alloy pipe 2 to be heated; the female die heating coil I4, the female die heating coil II 5 and the female die heating coil III 6 are respectively connected with a power supply; the die heating coil I4, the die heating coil II 5 and the die heating coil III 6 respectively perform sectional heating on different positions of the metal tube; the mold core 7 is in clearance fit with the female mold 3, and the alloy pipe 2 is fixed at a clearance where the mold core 7 is matched with the female mold; the cavity formed by the die assembly of the male die 1, the female die 3 and the core 7 corresponds to the shape of the nut part.
Preferably, the die heating coil I4 is a semi-solid temperature heating coil, the die heating coil II 5 is a medium temperature heating coil, and the die heating coil III 6 is a low temperature heating coil.
Preferably, the male die 1, the female die 3 and the core 7 are made of H13 die steel through heat treatment; the core has the functions of shaping and demolding in the extrusion process of the cone nut part.
The use process of the device comprises the following steps: hydraulic press before extrusion forming of cone nut partControlling the male die 1 to retreat to the topmost end of the hydraulic press; spraying graphite release agents on the surfaces of the male die 1, the female die 3 and the core 7; the metal tube is put into a female die 3, and is heated to T by sections by a female die heating coil I4, a female die heating coil II 5 and a female die heating coil III 6 respectively 1 、T 2 、T 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Driving a hydraulic machine to enable the male die 1 to vertically move downwards, enabling the male die 1 and the female die 3 to be closed, maintaining pressure for a period of time, controlling the hydraulic machine to enable the male die 1 to retract to the topmost end of the hydraulic machine, simultaneously pushing the core 7 by a hydraulic rod of the hydraulic machine to eject a part, taking out a conical nut part, rapidly quenching by water, and finally performing T6 heat treatment; the whole extrusion forming process has the advantages of simple operation of the die, easy realization of mechanized and continuous production, energy conservation, uniform tissue performance of the finally obtained cone nut part and better comprehensive mechanical property.
The invention adopts a gradient heating method to carry out sectional gradient heating on the alloy blank to be formed, so that the blank is greatly deformed L 1 Heating the phase material to semi-solid temperature, and the middle part L 2 Stage heating to alloy material recrystallization temperature, bottom L 3 Stage heating to the stress-relief annealing temperature; l (L) 1 The phase alloy material structure is a semi-solid structure, the deformation resistance is small, large deformation is easy to realize, and the prepared part has high strength and high hardness; l (L) 2 Heating to a recrystallization temperature in a stage, and organizing the structure into recrystallized grains after forming with small deformation, so that the prepared part has certain rigidity and strength and the plasticity of the part is kept at a higher level; l (L) 3 Heating to a low-temperature stress-relief annealing temperature in a stage, and providing a certain heat preservation effect for the blank during forming, wherein the internal stress of the formed part is smaller and the internal stress concentration of the material is smaller; the end of the nut-shaped part produced finally has semi-solid structure, the middle part is mainly recrystallized grains, and the bottom end is fine dendrite structure with uniform structure. The structure determines the performance of the material, and the nut part obtained by the method has better comprehensive mechanical property.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The die disclosed by the invention adopts sectional heating to heat and extrude different positions of the metal pipe, so that the heating cost and heating time are reduced, the preparation period is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.
(2) Compared with the traditional preparation part, the semi-solid cone nut part prepared by the die has the advantages that on one hand, the part structure is a semi-solid structure with evenly distributed nearly spherical solid phase particles and liquid phase dispersed and distributed, and the performance is good; on the other hand, the structure is compact, the shrinkage porosity and shrinkage cavity defect are avoided, and the mechanical property is high under the action of extrusion force in the forming process; in addition, the prepared cone nut part belongs to near net forming, and has little or no post machining and high material utilization rate.
(3) The invention adopts a gradient heating thixotropic extrusion forming method to produce the nut parts, the end parts of the prepared parts are semi-solid structures, the middle parts are recrystallized structures, and the bottom ends are dendrite structures; the parts having this structure are excellent in combination properties.
(4) The die comprises a die cavity formed by the male die, the female die and the core, and the metal pipe is heated in an integral sectional manner, so that different deformation states exist in the extrusion deformation process of the metal pipe, the plastic deformation capacity of the metal pipe is improved, the working conditions of different parts of the conical nut part are met, the semi-solid deformation of the upper part is achieved, the plastic deformation of the lower part is achieved, the compactness of the part is increased, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the conical nut is improved.
(5) According to the semi-solid cone nut part prepared by the die, the semi-solid cone nut part is heated in the die cavity, metal blanks are not required to be heated by other heating devices and then transferred to the die cavity, heat loss is avoided in the process of transferring the blanks, and the temperature accuracy is improved.
(6) The die disclosed by the invention has the advantages of reasonable structure, simplicity and convenience in operation, capability of realizing mechanical and automatic control, reduced labor cost, capability of realizing continuous batch production, cost saving and efficiency improvement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a die structure prior to thixoextrusion according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a die structure for a thixoextrusion die according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the gradient relationships in the heating method according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of portions of a copper alloy cone nut part gradient heated thixotropic extrusion formed part according to example 1 of the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1-a male die; 2-alloy tubing; 3-female die; 4-a female die heating coil I; 5-a female die heating coil II; 6-a female die heating coil III; 7-core.
In fig. 3: l (L) 1 -high temperature zone height; l (L) 2 -mid-temperature zone height; l (L) 3 -low temperature zone height; t (T) S -alloy tubing melting point; t (T) R -alloy tubing recrystallization temperature; c-correcting the coefficient; h-thickness of the alloy tube.
In fig. 4: (a) -high temperature zone microstructure; (b) -mesothermal microstructure; (c) -low temperature zone microstructure.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the description.
The die structure used in the embodiment of the invention is shown in figures 1-2, and comprises a male die 1, an alloy pipe 2, a female die 3, a female die heating coil I4, a female die heating coil II 5, a female die heating coil III 6 and a core 7; the male die 1 is connected with the top end of the hydraulic machine, and the hydraulic machine controls the male die 1 to vertically move up and down; the diameter of the pressure head of the male die 1 corresponds to the outer diameter of the flange end part of the conical nut part and the inner diameter of the upper part of the female die 3; the female die 3 is fixed on the workbench surface of the hydraulic press, and is internally provided with a female die heating coil I4, a female die heating coil II 5 and a female die heating coil III 6, and the positions of the female die heating coil I4, the female die heating coil II 5 and the female die heating coil III 6 correspond to the positions of the alloy pipe 2 to be heated; the female die heating coil I4, the female die heating coil II 5 and the female die heating coil III 6 are respectively connected with a power supply; the die heating coil I4, the die heating coil II 5 and the die heating coil III 6 respectively perform sectional heating on different positions of the metal tube; the mold core 7 is in clearance fit with the female mold 3, and the alloy pipe 2 is fixed at a clearance where the mold core 7 is matched with the female mold; the cavity formed by the die assembly of the male die 1, the female die 3 and the core 7 corresponds to the shape of the nut part. The die heating coil I4 is a semi-solid temperature heating coil, the die heating coil II 5 is a medium temperature heating coil, and the die heating coil III 6 is a low temperature heating coil. The male die 1, the female die 3 and the core 7 are made of H13 die steel through heat treatment; the core has the functions of shaping and demolding in the extrusion process of the cone nut part.
Example 1
This example describes a ZCuSn10P1 copper alloy as an example, T s 876 ℃, T R At 500 ℃, the height of the part is 70mm, the wall thickness is 5.5mm, the correction coefficient c is 4.9, wherein
The gradient heating thixotropic extrusion forming method for the copper alloy cone nut part comprises the following steps:
(1) The ZCuSn10P1 copper alloy has a solidus temperature of 876.1 ℃ and a liquidus temperature of 1024.2 ℃.
(2) Heating extruded ZCUSn10P1 copper alloy pipe with an inner diameter of 25mm, a wall thickness of 5.5mm and a height of 70mm integrally and sectionally, wherein the upper heating height is 35mm, and the heating temperature is 890 ℃ and the heat is preserved for 8 minutes; the heating height of the middle part is 20mm, the heating temperature is 750 ℃ and the heat preservation is carried out for 8 minutes, the heating height of the lower part is 15mm, the heating temperature is 450 ℃ and the heat preservation is carried out for 8 minutes, and meanwhile, the die cavity of the female die is preheated to 450 ℃.
(3) And (3) placing the heated ZCUSn10P1 copper alloy pipe into a preheated die cavity of the die, driving a male die to extrude the metal pipe at a movement speed of 10mm/s, and maintaining the pressure for 8s after extrusion is finished.
(4) And (3) rapidly quenching the extruded cone nut part with water, heating to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the cone nut part.
The copper alloy cone nut part prepared by the embodiment has the advantages of smooth surface, accurate size, no scratch, no crack and the like; and the mechanical property is good, the tensile strength can reach 410Mpa, the elongation is 6.1%, and the Brinell hardness is 135HBW. The high-temperature region structure is a uniform semi-solid structure, the solid phase crystal grains are uniformly distributed, the semi-solid spheroidization effect is good, the average crystal grain size is 68 mu m, and the roundness is 0.79 (figure 4 (a)); the medium temperature zone is an equiaxed crystal structure which is uniformly distributed (fig. 4 (b)); the low temperature region is the as-cast dendrite structure (fig. 4 (c)).
Comparative example 1
All steps in this example are the same as in example 1, except that the heating conditions in step (2) are: and (3) integrally heating the copper alloy blank to 890 ℃ by adopting semi-solid thixotropic extrusion forming, preserving heat for 10min, and obtaining the nut part after extrusion forming. The tensile strength of the part prepared in the embodiment is 401MPa, the elongation is 5.5%, the Brinell hardness is 123HBW, and the part produced by sectional gradient heating thixotropic extrusion molding has more excellent mechanical properties.
Example 2
This example describes a 7075 aluminum alloy as an example, which alloy T s At 540 ℃, T R The height of the part is 70mm, the wall thickness is 5.5mm, and the correction coefficient c is 4.2, wherein:
the gradient heating thixotropic extrusion forming method for the aluminum alloy conical nut part comprises the following steps of:
(1) The 7075 aluminum alloy was found to have a solidus temperature of 540.4 ℃ and a liquidus temperature of 637.8 ℃.
(2) Carrying out integral sectional heating on an extruded 7075 aluminum alloy pipe with the inner diameter of 25mm, the wall thickness of 5.5mm and the height of 70mm, wherein the upper heating height is 35mm, the heating temperature is 550 ℃, and the heat is preserved for 5 minutes; the heating height of the middle part is 20mm, the heating temperature is 500 ℃ and the heat preservation is carried out for 5 minutes, the heating height of the lower part is 15mm, the heating temperature is 300 ℃ and the heat preservation is carried out for 5 minutes, and meanwhile, the die cavity of the die is preheated to 250 ℃.
(3) And (3) placing the heated 7075 aluminum alloy pipe into a preheated die cavity of a die, driving a male die to extrude the metal pipe at a movement speed of 10mm/s, and maintaining the pressure for 5s after extrusion is finished.
(4) And (3) rapidly quenching the extruded cone nut part with water, heating to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the cone nut part. The part prepared in this example had a tensile strength of 528MPa, an elongation of 5% and a Brinell hardness of 154HBW.
Comparative example 2
All steps in this example are the same as in example 2, except that the heating conditions in step (2) are: and (3) integrally heating the semi-solid thixotropic extrusion molding, integrally heating the aluminum alloy blank to 550 ℃, preserving heat for 7min, and obtaining the nut part after extrusion molding. The part prepared in this example had a tensile strength of 520MPa, an elongation of 4.2% and a Brinell hardness of 143HBW.
By comparison, the mechanical properties of the part produced by the sectional gradient heating thixotropic extrusion molding are more excellent.
Example 3
This example describes an AZ91D magnesium alloy as an example, T s At 471 ℃, T R The height of the part is 70mm, the wall thickness is 5.5mm, and the correction coefficient c is 1.8, wherein:
the method for forming the magnesium alloy conical nut part by gradient heating thixotropic extrusion specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) The AZ91D magnesium alloy has a solidus temperature of 471.2 ℃ and a liquidus temperature of 596.8 ℃.
(2) Heating extruded AZ91D magnesium alloy pipe with inner diameter of 25mm, wall thickness of 5.5mm and height of 70mm integrally and sectionally, heating the upper part to 35mm, heating at 490 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 minutes; the heating height of the middle part is 20mm, the heating temperature is 430 ℃ and the heat preservation is carried out for 5 minutes, the heating height of the lower part is 15mm, the heating temperature is 250 ℃ and the heat preservation is carried out for 5 minutes, and meanwhile, the die cavity of the female die is preheated to 200 ℃.
(3) And placing the heated AZ91D magnesium alloy pipe into a preheated die cavity of the female die, driving the male die to extrude the metal pipe at a movement speed of 10mm/s, and maintaining the pressure for 5s after extrusion is finished.
(4) And (3) rapidly quenching the extruded cone nut part with water, heating to 350 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the cone nut part. The part prepared in this example had a tensile strength of 289MPa, an elongation of 8.5% and a Brinell hardness of 68HBW
Comparative example 3
All steps in this example are the same as in example 2, except that the heating conditions in step (2) are: the whole heating semi-solid thixotropic extrusion forming is adopted, the magnesium alloy blank is wholly heated to 490 ℃, the temperature is kept for 7min, and the nut part is obtained after extrusion forming; the tensile strength of the part prepared in the embodiment is 260MPa, the elongation is 3.7%, and the Brinell hardness is 129HBW; by comparison, the mechanical properties of the part produced by the sectional gradient heating thixotropic extrusion molding are more excellent.
Taking the sample of example 1 as an example, the whole body heating thixotropic extrusion molding is adopted respectively: and heating the copper alloy material to 900 ℃ integrally, preserving heat for 10min, and then performing extrusion forming to obtain the cone nut part. Liquid extrusion forming of copper alloy: and heating the copper alloy material to 110 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, and performing extrusion forming to obtain the cone nut part. Semi-solid extrusion forming of copper alloy by SIMA method: and heating the blank with the rolling deformation of 20% to 900 ℃, preserving heat for 15min, and then performing extrusion forming to obtain the cone nut part. Casting and forming copper alloy: the copper alloy material was heated to 110 ℃ and kept at the temperature for 30min, and cast into a metal mold preheated to 500 ℃ to prepare a cone nut part, the properties of which are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Through comparative analysis, the tensile strength of the copper alloy nut part formed by the method can reach 410Mpa, the elongation can reach 6.1%, and the hardness can reach 135HBW; the microstructure is clear, the microstructure is evenly distributed, and the mechanical property and plasticity are good (as shown in table 1).
Claims (7)
1. The gradient heating thixotropic extrusion forming method for the conical nut part is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Placing the alloy pipe into a preheated female die cavity;
(2) Using a heating coil to heat Jin Guancai, dividing the alloy pipe into L 1 、L 2 、L 3 Three sections, the heating process is: heating the three sections at different temperatures, wherein the heating temperatures are respectively T 1 、T 2 、T 3 Wherein T is 1 、T 2 、T 3 、L 1 、L 2 、L 3 Satisfying the following relational formula:wherein T is S Is the melting point of alloy pipe material>The recrystallization temperature of the alloy pipe is L is the total height of the nut part>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the c is a correction coefficient, 1-5 is taken, h is the thickness of the alloy pipe, and the thickness h of the alloy pipe meets the relation: h < L 1 、h＜L 2 、h＜L 3 ；
(3) After the heating temperature is reached, driving the male die to extrude the alloy pipe, and maintaining the pressure for 5s after extrusion is finished;
(4) And (3) rapidly quenching the extruded cone nut part with water, performing heat treatment, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the cone nut part.
2. The method of gradient heating thixotropic extrusion forming of a cone nut part according to claim 1, wherein: when the melting point of the alloy pipe is lower than 400 ℃,，T 2 、T 3 the same is true.
3. The method of gradient heating thixotropic extrusion forming of a cone nut part according to claim 1, wherein: the pressing speed of the male die for extruding the alloy pipe is 8-12 mm/s.
4. The method of gradient heating thixotropic extrusion forming of a cone nut part according to claim 1, wherein: the heat treatment in the step (4) is T6 heat treatment.
5. The apparatus for use in the method of claim 1, wherein: comprises a male die (1), a female die (3), a female die heating coil I (4), a female die heating coil II (5), a female die heating coil III (6) and a core (7); the male die (1) is connected with the top end of the hydraulic machine, and the hydraulic machine controls the male die (1) to vertically move up and down; the diameter of a pressing head of the male die (1) corresponds to the outer diameter of the flange end part of the conical nut part and the inner diameter of the upper part of the female die (3); the female die (3) is fixed on the workbench surface of the hydraulic press, and is internally provided with a female die heating coil I (4), a female die heating coil II (5) and a female die heating coil III (6), and the positions of the female die heating coil I (4), the female die heating coil II (5) and the female die heating coil III (6) correspond to the positions of the alloy pipe (2) to be heated; the female die heating coil I (4), the female die heating coil II (5) and the female die heating coil III (6) are respectively connected with a power supply;
the die heating coil I (4), the die heating coil II (5) and the die heating coil III (6) respectively perform sectional heating on different positions of the involution Jin Guancai (2); the mold core (7) is in clearance fit with the female mold (3), and the alloy pipe (2) is fixed at a gap where the mold core (7) is matched with the female mold; the cavity formed by the die assembly of the male die (1), the female die (3) and the core (7) corresponds to the shape of the conical nut part.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the female die heating coil I (4) is a semi-solid temperature heating coil, the female die heating coil II (5) is a medium temperature heating coil, and the female die heating coil III (6) is a low temperature heating coil.
7. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the male die (1), the female die (3) and the core (7) are made of H13 die steel through heat treatment.
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