CN110624969A - Extrusion deformation device for preparing high-strength magnesium alloy and preparation method - Google Patents
Extrusion deformation device for preparing high-strength magnesium alloy and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110624969A CN110624969A CN201911086831.4A CN201911086831A CN110624969A CN 110624969 A CN110624969 A CN 110624969A CN 201911086831 A CN201911086831 A CN 201911086831A CN 110624969 A CN110624969 A CN 110624969A
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- extrusion
- magnesium alloy
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- strength magnesium
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
Abstract
An extrusion deformation device and a preparation method for preparing high-strength magnesium alloy are provided, wherein a punch (5) for inserting materials to be extruded from an opening end of an extrusion cylinder (2) is arranged at the bottom of an upper template (1) of the device, an extrusion pad (6) for separating the materials to be extruded from the punch (5) is arranged inside the extrusion cylinder (2), and an extrusion channel (7) for extruding and flowing out the materials is arranged in an extrusion die (3). The steps comprise (1) smelting and pouring to obtain a magnesium alloy ingot, (2) homogenizing the magnesium alloy ingot, (3) processing the magnesium alloy ingot into an extrusion blank, (4) heating the extrusion blank to 230 ~ 270 ℃, putting the extrusion blank into a preheated die for extrusion to obtain the magnesium alloy rod, wherein the extrusion temperature is 230 ~ 280 ℃, the extrusion rate is 4 ~ 8mm/s, the extrusion ratio is 25 ~ 28, (5) carrying out solution annealing on the rod, and (6) cleaning the rod to remove impurities on the surface of the magnesium alloy to obtain the high-strength magnesium alloy material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material processing, in particular to an extrusion deformation device and a technology for preparing high-strength magnesium alloy.
Background
Magnesium alloy is called green engineering structural material of 21 century, and is the lightest metal structural material at present. With the improvement of magnesium alloy refining and processing technology, the magnesium alloy is rapidly developed and widely applied in the global scope. The magnesium alloy belongs to a close-packed hexagonal crystal structure, and has poor plastic deformation capability. Meanwhile, the magnesium alloy has low strength, and the strength of some parts needs to be ensured by increasing the thickness when the parts are designed and manufactured, so that the expected light weight effect cannot be obtained sometimes.
The method for refining the crystal grains by carrying out deformation treatment on the magnesium alloy is a method for obviously improving the strength and the plasticity of the magnesium alloy. The prior art mainly comprises the following two types:
(1) high-temperature extrusion deformation process
The magnesium alloy is extruded and deformed at high temperature to make the material generate plastic deformation so as to improve the structure and mechanical property of the material. The length of the magnesium alloy material obtained by the method can meet the use requirements of most engineering fields, but the magnesium alloy material obtained by extrusion deformation at high temperature has the defects of large and large crystal grains, poor refining effect and poor material strength and plasticity.
(2) Equal channel angular extrusion process (ECAP)
The equal channel angular extrusion means that the material is put into a channel with a constant diameter for extrusion, so that the material is subjected to strong shearing deformation at a position with a certain corner in the die, thereby realizing the purpose of refining grains. However, this method often requires a sufficient amount of deformation to be accumulated in the material through multi-pass deformation to refine the magnesium alloy grains to a certain degree. And the material prepared by the method has shorter length and is limited by a mould, so the method cannot be widely applied to production practice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an extrusion deformation device and a method for preparing high-strength magnesium alloy, and aims to overcome the defects in the prior art in the background.
The invention relates to an extrusion deformation device and a preparation method for preparing high-strength magnesium alloy, and the extrusion deformation device comprises an upper template 1, an extrusion cylinder 2, an extrusion die 3 and a die base 4, wherein the bottom of the upper template 1 is provided with a male die 5 for inserting into the opening end of the extrusion cylinder 2 to extrude materials, the extrusion cylinder 2 is internally provided with an extrusion pad 6 for separating the extruded materials from the male die 5, and the extrusion die 3 is internally provided with an extrusion channel 7 for extruding the materials to flow out.
The invention discloses a method for preparing high-strength magnesium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and pouring in a vacuum induction furnace with argon protection to obtain a qualified magnesium alloy ingot with a preset size;
(2) putting the magnesium alloy ingot into a tube furnace at 400 ~ 500 ℃ and 500 ℃, preserving heat for 10 ~ 12h, and carrying out homogenization treatment;
(3) cutting the magnesium alloy ingot after the homogenization treatment to form an extrusion blank;
(4) uniformly coating a lubricant in an extrusion die, preheating, heating an extrusion blank to 230 ~ 270 ℃, putting the extrusion blank into the preheated die for extrusion, and enabling the blank to generate dynamic recrystallization after extrusion deformation to obtain a magnesium alloy rod, wherein the extrusion temperature is 230 ~ 280 ℃, the extrusion rate is 4 ~ 8mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 25 ~ 28;
(5) carrying out solution annealing on the bar obtained by extrusion, wherein the annealing process is that the temperature is kept at 410 ~ 460 ℃ and 460 ℃ for 10 ~ 12h, and air cooling;
(6) and cleaning the bar subjected to solution annealing to remove surface impurities to obtain the high-strength magnesium alloy material.
The invention has the following advantages: (1) the extrusion device is easy to disassemble, maintain and change dies, the abrasion of the extrusion head of the die is serious under the condition of long-time extrusion production, only the extrusion pad 6 needs to be replaced in the device generally, and only the extrusion die 3 needs to be replaced when the extrusion ratio is changed, so that the waste of resources is avoided, and the experiment and the production process are not influenced too much; (2) the magnesium alloy material obtained by the method has small grain size which can reach about 5 mu m generally, and the plasticity of the magnesium alloy material is ensured while the strength of the magnesium alloy is greatly improved; (3) the magnesium alloy material obtained by the method has larger size in the length direction, and can meet more engineering application requirements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an extrusion apparatus according to the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing an extrusion die 3 in the extrusion apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an extrusion deformation device and a preparation method for preparing high-strength magnesium alloy, as shown in figures 1 and 2, the extrusion deformation device for preparing the high-strength magnesium alloy comprises an upper template 1, an extrusion container 2, an extrusion die 3 and a die base 4, wherein the bottom of the upper template 1 is provided with a male die 5 for inserting the material from the open end of the extrusion container 2 to extrude the material, the extrusion container 2 is internally provided with an extrusion pad 6 for separating the extruded material from the male die 5, and the extrusion die 3 is internally provided with an extrusion channel 7 for extruding the material to flow out.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the extrusion die 3 is fitted to the die base 4, and the container 2 is fitted to the extrusion die 3 and fixes the extrusion die 3 to the die base 4.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the extrusion die 3 is a flat cone die, the die diameter a and the transition zone size b satisfy the relationship of b =1/5a, the die angle α is 30 ° ~ 50 °, the upper draft β is 5 ° ~ 10 °, and the lower draft γ is 5 ° ~ 15 °.
The method for preparing the high-strength magnesium alloy of the invention adopts the extrusion deformation device for preparing the high-strength magnesium alloy shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and pouring in a vacuum induction furnace with argon protection to obtain a qualified magnesium alloy ingot with a preset size;
(2) putting the magnesium alloy ingot into a tube furnace at 400 ~ 500 ℃ and 500 ℃, preserving heat for 10 ~ 12h, and carrying out homogenization treatment;
(3) cutting the magnesium alloy ingot after the homogenization treatment to form an extrusion blank;
(4) uniformly coating a lubricant in an extrusion die, preheating, heating an extrusion blank to 230 ~ 270 ℃, putting the extrusion blank into the preheated die for extrusion, and enabling the blank to generate dynamic recrystallization after extrusion deformation to obtain a magnesium alloy rod, wherein the extrusion temperature is 230 ~ 280 ℃, the extrusion rate is 4 ~ 8mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 25 ~ 28;
(5) carrying out solution annealing on the bar obtained by extrusion, wherein the annealing process is that the temperature is kept at 410 ~ 460 ℃ and 460 ℃ for 10 ~ 12h, and air cooling;
(6) and cleaning the bar subjected to solution annealing to remove surface impurities to obtain the high-strength magnesium alloy material.
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides an extrusion deformation device and a method for preparing high-strength magnesium alloy. In the invention, aiming at the characteristic of low recrystallization temperature of the magnesium alloy, the magnesium alloy is extruded and deformed at medium and low temperature, the magnesium alloy is dynamically recrystallized in the process, crystal grains are obviously refined, the strength and hardness of the material are improved, the plasticity and toughness are also obviously improved, the size adjustable range of the obtained magnesium alloy bar is large, and more engineering application requirements can be met.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, the device comprises an upper die plate 1, an extrusion container 2, an extrusion die 3 and a die base 4, wherein a male die 5 for inserting and extruding materials from the open end of the extrusion container 2 is arranged at the bottom of the upper die plate 1, an extrusion pad 6 for separating the extruded materials from the male die 5 is arranged in the extrusion container 2, and an extrusion channel 7 for extruding and flowing out the materials is arranged in the extrusion die 3.
In the present embodiment, more specifically, the male die 5 is fixed to the upper die plate 1.
In the present embodiment, more specifically, the extrusion die 3 is fixed to the die base 4, and the container 2 is fixed to the die base 4 in cooperation with the extrusion die 3.
In the present embodiment, more specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the die diameter a of the extrusion die 3 is 40mm, the transition zone dimension b is 8mm, the die angle α is 40 °, the upper draft β is 10 °, and the lower draft γ is 15 °.
In the embodiment, a magnesium alloy bar is added into the extrusion container 2, the material is extruded by matching with the male die 5 and the extrusion pad 6, and the extruded magnesium alloy bar is deformed under the action of the extrusion die 3; when the magnesium alloy bar passes through the extrusion channel 7, dynamic recrystallization occurs, crystal grains are fully refined, and the high-strength magnesium alloy is obtained.
Example 2: (1) smelting and pouring in a vacuum induction furnace with argon protection to obtain a qualified magnesium alloy ingot with a certain size;
(2) putting the magnesium alloy ingot into a 400 ℃ tube furnace, preserving heat for 18h, and carrying out homogenization treatment;
(3) cutting the magnesium alloy ingot after the homogenization treatment to form an extrusion blank;
(4) uniformly smearing a lubricant inside an extrusion die, preheating, heating an extrusion blank to 270 ℃, putting the extrusion blank into the preheated die for extrusion, and dynamically recrystallizing the blank after extrusion deformation to obtain a magnesium alloy rod, wherein the extrusion temperature is 270 ℃, the extrusion rate is 6mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 15;
(5) carrying out solution annealing on the bar obtained by extrusion, wherein the annealing process is carried out for heat preservation for 16h at the temperature of 410 ℃, and air cooling;
(6) and (3) pickling the bar subjected to solution annealing, removing surface impurities and the like, and obtaining the high-strength magnesium alloy material.
Example 3: (1) smelting and pouring in a vacuum induction furnace with argon protection to obtain a qualified magnesium alloy ingot with a certain size;
(2) putting the magnesium alloy ingot into a tube furnace at 410 ℃, preserving heat for 16h, and carrying out homogenization treatment;
(3) cutting the magnesium alloy ingot after the homogenization treatment to form an extrusion blank;
(4) smearing a lubricant inside a die, putting an extruded blank into an extrusion cylinder, heating the blank and the die to 250 ℃ by using an induction coil, extruding after removing the induction coil, and generating dynamic recrystallization after the blank is extruded and deformed to obtain a magnesium alloy rod, wherein the extrusion temperature is 250 ℃, the extrusion rate is 10mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 25;
(5) carrying out solution annealing on the bar obtained by extrusion, wherein the annealing process is carried out for heat preservation at the temperature of 420 ℃ for 14h, and air cooling;
(6) and (3) pickling the bar subjected to solution annealing, removing surface impurities and the like, and obtaining the high-strength magnesium alloy material.
Example 4: (1) adding pure magnesium, pure zinc and magnesium-calcium intermediate alloy into a vacuum induction furnace with argon protection for smelting and pouring to obtain qualified cast ingots with certain sizes;
(2) putting the cast ingot into a tube furnace at 410 ℃, preserving heat for 16h, and carrying out homogenization treatment;
(3) cutting the homogenized spindle to obtain an extrusion blank;
(4) smearing a lubricant inside a die, putting an extruded blank into an extrusion cylinder, heating the blank and the die together by using an induction coil, wherein the heating temperature is 230 ℃, the extrusion deformation is carried out while heating, the blank generates dynamic recrystallization after the extrusion deformation, and a magnesium alloy rod is obtained, wherein the extrusion temperature is 230 ℃, the extrusion rate is 4mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 8;
(5) carrying out solution annealing on the bar obtained by extrusion, wherein the annealing process is carried out for heat preservation at the temperature of 420 ℃ for 14h, and air cooling;
(6) and (3) pickling the bar subjected to solution annealing, removing surface impurities and the like, and obtaining the high-strength magnesium alloy material.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A extrusion deformation device for preparing high strength magnesium alloy, including cope match-plate pattern (1), recipient (2), extrusion die (3), mould base (4), the bottom of its characterized in that cope match-plate pattern (1) is equipped with and is used for inserting terrace die (5) extruded to the material from recipient (2) open end, the inside of recipient (2) has and is used for receiving extrusion material and terrace die (5) extrusion pad (6) of keeping apart each other, have material in extrusion die (3) to receive the extrusion passageway (7) that extrudees and flow.
2. The extrusion deformation apparatus for manufacturing a high strength magnesium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion die (3) is fitted on the die base (4), and the extrusion container (2) is fitted with the extrusion die (3) and fixes the extrusion die (3) on the die base (4).
3. The extrusion deformation apparatus for manufacturing a high-strength magnesium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion die (3) is a flat cone die, the die diameter (a) and the transition zone size (b) satisfy the relationship of b =1/5a, the die angle (α) is 30 ° ~ 50 °, the upper draft angle (β) is 5 ° ~ 10 °, and the lower draft angle (γ) is 5 ° ~ 15 °.
4. The method for manufacturing a high-strength magnesium alloy using the extrusion deformation apparatus for manufacturing a high-strength magnesium alloy according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) smelting and pouring in a vacuum induction furnace with argon protection to obtain a qualified magnesium alloy ingot with a preset size;
(2) putting the magnesium alloy ingot into a tube furnace at 400 ~ 500 ℃ and 500 ℃, preserving heat for 10 ~ 12h, and carrying out homogenization treatment;
(3) cutting the magnesium alloy ingot after the homogenization treatment to form an extrusion blank;
(4) uniformly coating a lubricant in an extrusion die, preheating, heating an extrusion blank to 230 ~ 270 ℃, putting the extrusion blank into the preheated die for extrusion, and enabling the blank to generate dynamic recrystallization after extrusion deformation to obtain a magnesium alloy rod, wherein the extrusion temperature is 230 ~ 280 ℃, the extrusion rate is 4 ~ 8mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 25 ~ 28;
(5) carrying out solution annealing on the bar obtained by extrusion, wherein the annealing process is that the temperature is kept at 410 ~ 460 ℃ and 460 ℃ for 10 ~ 12h, and air cooling;
(6) and cleaning the bar subjected to solution annealing to remove surface impurities to obtain the high-strength magnesium alloy material.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114054533A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2022-02-18 | 天津重型装备工程研究有限公司 | Extrusion blank with high material utilization rate and manufacturing method thereof |
CN114378128A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-22 | 重庆理工大学 | Integrated device for preparing light alloy thin-wall pipe and processing method thereof |
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