CN109759531A - The section X based on center compacting pulls out method - Google Patents

The section X based on center compacting pulls out method Download PDF

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CN109759531A
CN109759531A CN201910022131.2A CN201910022131A CN109759531A CN 109759531 A CN109759531 A CN 109759531A CN 201910022131 A CN201910022131 A CN 201910022131A CN 109759531 A CN109759531 A CN 109759531A
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anvil
preform
narrow
blank
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CN109759531B (en
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仇平
李云龙
朱麒
吕号
姚盼亮
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Yanshan University
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Yanshan University
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of section X pulling method based on center compacting, spills are extruded to the upper and lower, opposites of left and right two respectively using the narrow anvil of T-type, so that preform cross-sectional profiles are in X shape, a kind of narrow anvil of T-type shape is designed according to needed for method, the front end boss of the narrow anvil of T-type spill required when being pulling, the narrow anvil of T-type can make initial blank under big drafts, still keep the spill of suitable size.Metal center portion is easily saturating by forging at this time, can inhibit center portion Transverse Cracks;The front end boss planar end surface of the narrow anvil of T-type pushes preform opposite two sides corner projection metal respectively, is pressed into preform main body from four corners by corner projection metal, inhibits the shear strain of center portion diagonal direction, eliminates diagonal linear loose;Spill can generate the compression component for being directed toward center portion at left and right sides of preform simultaneously, can reduce or even eliminate center portion horizontal tensile stress, final to realize that initial blank pulling work high quality is completed.

Description

The section X based on center compacting pulls out method
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal forging technical fields more particularly to a kind of section X based on center compacting to pull out method.
Background technique
During the pulling of rectangular section metal forging, it often will appear the defects of center portion cracks and is diagonal linear loose, This is because these defects are straight caused by the shear strain generated at horizontal tensile stress and diagonal line that forging cross section center portion occurs Connect influence forging quality.
To solve the above problems, current common method can be summarized as following according to theory of mechanics and experimental studies results Several aspects: first is that when using flat-anvils stretching, by reasonably adjusting anvil width ratio and expecting wide ratio, make forging center portion as far as possible in hydrostatic Fully deformed is obtained under pressure, achievees the purpose that be compacted center portion, however, being limited by anvil width ratio and material width than reasonable interval, is made every Secondary volume under pressure is not too much, influences working efficiency;Second is that by changing swage block shape, such as V-type anvil, ladder type anvil, to subtract It is small even to be eliminated center portion horizontal tensile stress, achieve the purpose that be compacted center portion, however, load needed for each method is multiplied, and not The uniformity of forging cross-sectional deformation easy to control, and then influence the quality of forging forming;Third is that being changed using quick water-cooling method Blank internal temperature gradient, coating metal form hard shell after cooling down rapidly, utilize outer crust layer metal restriction center portion metal before forging Transversely deforming recycles narrow anvil to pull out, makes it under the drafts of very little, center portion can also obtain biggish deformation, reach compacting The purpose of center portion, however, forging internal and external temperature tends to be balanced quickly in work, outer hard shell due to the influence of the factors such as heat transfer Layer effect of contraction weakens, and therefore, the working time requires very short, work strain, and center portion quality is not easy to guarantee.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of section X pulling method based on center compacting, it is therefore an objective to improve previous Method there are the shortcomings that, and improve the pulling method of rectangular section blank center portion quality, which is particularly suitable for large-scale length Axis class rectangle section blank pulling technique.
The technical solution of the present invention is to provide a kind of sections X to pull out method, using the narrow anvil of T-type respectively to upper and lower, left and right two A opposite extrudes spill, obtains the preform that cross-sectional profiles are in X shape, and take turns to cross section using the narrow anvil of the T-type Exterior feature is suppressed again in the preform of X shape, thus power when changing flat-anvils stretching rectangular section blank inside blank State, the narrow anvil of T-type can make initial blank still keep required concave shape and size under big drafts.Based on gold It is theoretical to belong to plasticity, when the planar end surface using the narrow anvil front end boss of the T-type suppresses the preform of X-shape When, the subtriangular difficult deformation in cross section will not be generated under the influence of corner projection metal in preform top and bottom two sides Area makes the preform of X-shape when being more than to expect the range of wide ratio, also not in this way to upset the shear strain area inside blank Will appear the shearing stress of center portion diagonal direction, inhibit the generation of diagonal line crackle, and during the depression process, X-shape it is described pre- Base material has lateral compression component and generates, to also can guarantee the heart under big material width ratio under the influence of the spill of two sides Portion will not generate horizontal tensile stress.
Specific implementation step is as follows during pulling:
(1) final size required according to the finished product blank, selects suitable specification staked, the narrow anvil specification of T-type Select the principle deferred to should be greater than the final ruler of the finished product blank for the planar end surface length L of the narrow anvil front end boss of the T-type Very little, preferred scope is the narrow anvil front end boss height H root of T-type greater than the 15%~20% of the finished product blank final size Require selection appropriate according to pulling passage, preferred scope is the 10%~20% of the finished product blank final size, the T-type The front end boss gradient α preferred scope of narrow anvil is between 20 °~40 °, the anvil width ratio preferred scope of the narrow anvil of T-type be 0.5~0.9 it Between;
(2) to extrude appropriately sized concave surface to the initial blank upper and lower surfaces using the narrow anvil portion of the T-type subsequent It is continuous to push, it is therefore an objective to forge blank center portion completely thoroughly, volume under pressure is appropriate, but pressed initial blank height need to be made to be greater than The planar end surface width of the narrow anvil front end boss of T-type, it is right after initial blank is turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line Another two surface carries out indentation processing;
(3) initial blank is then turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line, it is appropriate also to extrude to another two face Concave surface after continue to push, make preform height be less than the narrow anvil front end boss of the T-type planar end surface width, it is therefore an objective to make pre- It, can be to preform using the narrow anvil front end projection section of the T-type after base material turns clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line Entire upper surface is suppressed, without changing anvil;Finally make cross-sectional profiles in X shape preform.(2) and (3) process In, since the narrow anvil lower-lying metal deformation of the T-type shape is larger, center portion metal is easy to be forged, so not will lead to the heart Portion generates transversal crack, to have the function that be compacted center portion;
(4) X shape preform is turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line again, it is convex using the narrow anvil front end of the T-type Platform planar end surface pushes the two sides corner projection metal of top and bottom in X shape preform, which is pressed into X shape preform Body interior, until flattening.Corner projection metal is pressed into X shape preform main body from quadrangle during this, inhibits the heart The shear strain of portion's diagonal direction generates, to eliminate diagonal linear rarefaction defect.During entire pushing, the left and right sides is described recessed The pressure component that face forms direction center portion can keep center portion to be laterally pressurized;According to said method, top and bottom have been flattened for the third time Preform turns clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line, suppresses another two face, until completing predetermined size;
In above-mentioned steps (4), if after upper surface is flattened, preform height is not up to the size of the finished product blank It is required that then continuing to push, continue cross section profile in X shape;Then X shape preform is turned clockwise along its center X-axis line 90 °, the corner projection metal on another two face is pushed again using the planar end surface of the narrow anvil front end boss of the T-type, if by upper table Preform height has reached the size requirement of the finished product blank after face pressure is flat, then flattens, if after upper surface is flattened Preform height is still not up to the size requirement of the finished product blank, repeats aforesaid operations, until upper surface is pre- after flattening Base material height reaches the size requirement of the finished product blank, and the preform for then having flattened top and bottom is along its center X Axis both clockwise overturns 90 °, and another two face pressure is put down, the finished product blank met the size requirements is finally obtained.
Preferably, required spill when the front end boss of the narrow anvil of the T-type is pulling.
Preferably, when the narrow anvil of the T-type suppresses rectangular section initial blank, due to the front end of the narrow anvil of the T-type Projection width is relatively narrow, and lower-lying metal deformation is larger, and center portion metal is easy to be forged, and therefore, not will lead to center portion and generates laterally Crackle continues to push after extruding required spill, and center portion is made to obtain bigger deformation, meanwhile, when the preform height is small It, can be to described using the planar end surface of the narrow anvil front end boss of the T-type after the front end boss planar end surface width of the narrow anvil of the T-type The entire upper surface of preform is suppressed, without changing anvil.
Preferably, up and down opposite corner projection gold of the planar end surface of the narrow anvil front end boss of the T-type to X-shape preform Category is depressed, and not will form the shear strain area of diagonal line shape inside X-shape preform, and due to X-shape prefabricated blank The direction center portion compression component that the left and right sides spill of material generates, so that center portion is in compressive stress state always, to inhibit The generation for the defects of diagonal direction is loose and transversal crack.
Preferably, the T-type narrow anvil specification selects deferred to principle for the planar end surface length of the narrow anvil front end boss of T-type L should be greater than the final size of the finished product blank, preferred scope be the final size greater than the finished product blank 15%~ 20%, the narrow anvil front end boss height H of T-type require selection appropriate according to pulling passage, and preferred scope is finished product blank Final size 10%~20%, the front end boss gradient α preferred scope of the narrow anvil of T-type is the T between 20 °~40 ° The anvil width ratio preferred scope of the narrow anvil of type is between 0.5~0.9.
The followed principle that selects of single volume under pressure range for first time volume under pressure is extrusion when preferably for pulling After required spill, pushing again is about the 5%~8% of initial blank height, and second of volume under pressure is spill needed for extruding It pushes again afterwards, volume under pressure is the planar end surface length L that pressed preform height is less than the narrow anvil front end boss of T-type, makes to press Preform height after system is about the 85%~95% of L, reduces the cross-sectional area of blank because of blank axial elongation, so Afterwards several times drafts compared with second volume under pressure compared to being gradually reduced, it is appropriate depending on final size and overturning number.
Preferably, from the shape of blank, the mechanical state of Lai Gaishan center portion, and the narrow anvil of T-type shape is designed, To be achieved with required blank shape during pulling, it is not required to before pulling carry out any pre-processing to blank.
Compared with tradition pulls out technique, the present invention has the advantages that those are as follows:
A kind of section X pulls out method, does not need to be pre-formed reasonable temperature gradient, work at the same time used in the T The narrow anvil of type not only increases required load, but also more common flat anvil also slightly reduces, when the narrow anvil of the T-type is by initial blank When being pressed into preform described in X shape, the limitation of wide ratio is expected when can break previous flat-anvils stretching rectangular section blank, passes through change Blank shape improves the stress state of forging center portion, it is made not will form horizontal tensile stress still under the wide ratio of biggish material, this Sample can increase single depression amount appropriate, raising drawing efficiency and Forming Quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the section X being compacted the present invention is based on center pulls out the narrow anvil of T-type that method uses;
Fig. 2 a- Fig. 2 f is that the section X being compacted the present invention is based on center pulls out method flow schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 a- Fig. 3 b is that the section X being compacted the present invention is based on center pulls out method and the shear strain of flat-anvils stretching internal process Field comparison;And
Fig. 4 a- Fig. 4 b is that the section the X pulling method being compacted the present invention is based on center is laterally answered with flat-anvils stretching internal process Field of force comparison.
Main appended drawing reference:
Upper anvil 1;Initial blank 21;Preform 22;Corner projection metal 23;Spill 24;Finished product blank 25;Lower anvil 3.
Specific embodiment
By the detailed present invention technology contents, reach purpose and efficacy, carried out below with reference to Figure of description detailed Explanation.
A kind of section X of the invention pulls out method, extrudes spills to the upper and lower, opposites of left and right two respectively using the narrow anvil of T-type, The preform that cross-sectional profiles are in X shape is obtained, and cross-sectional profiles are carried out again in the preform of X shape using T-type narrow anvil Secondary compacting, thus mechanical state when changing flat-anvils stretching rectangular section blank inside blank, the narrow anvil of T-type can make initial blank exist Required concave shape and size are still kept under big drafts.A kind of narrow anvil of T-type according to needed for pulling method and at design, such as Shown in Fig. 1, L is the narrow anvil front end land length of T-type, and H is the narrow anvil front end boss height of T-type, and α is the narrow anvil front end boss gradient of T-type. The front end boss of the narrow anvil of T-type spill required when being pulling, the narrow anvil of T-type can make blank under big drafts, still keep suitable The spill of size.
Main implementation steps are as follows:
Step 1: the final size required according to finished product blank 25 selects suitable specification staked, the global shape of staked For the narrow anvil of T-type shape, the principle that staked specification is deferred to is that the planar end surface length L of the narrow anvil front end boss of T-type should be greater than finished product base The final size of material 25, preferred scope are 15%~20% of the final size greater than finished product blank, and the narrow anvil front end boss of T-type is high It spends H and requires selection appropriate according to pulling passage, preferred scope is the 10%~20% of the final size of finished product blank, T-type The front end boss gradient α preferred scope of narrow anvil is between 20 °~40 °, the anvil width ratio preferred scope of the narrow anvil of T-type be 0.5~0.9 it Between;
Step 2: initial blank 21 is heated to 1100 DEG C of initial forging temperature;
Step 3: initial blank 21 being placed on the position of lower anvil 3, as shown in Figure 2 a;
Step 4: being suppressed, pressed down and projection shape phase using initial blank 21 of the narrow anvil of T-type to rectangular section Same spill 24, as shown in Figure 2 b;
Step 5: the initial blank 21 of spill 24 has been presented into along its 90 ° of center X-axis line once inside out clockwise in top and bottom, As shown in Figure 2 c, another two face is suppressed, as shown in Figure 2 d, pushing another two face again also using the narrow anvil of T-type is spill 24, is made just 21 cross section of beginning blank is in X-type, preform 22 needed for becoming subsequent step;
Step 6: continuing to push after the cross section of preform 22 is in X-type, so that 22 height of preform is slightly less than T-type narrow The planar end surface width of anvil front end boss, it is therefore an objective to make preform 22 after its center X-axis line clockwise secondary 90 ° of overturning, benefit The entire upper surface of preform 22 can be suppressed with the planar end surface of the narrow anvil front end boss of T-type, without changing anvil;
Step 7: as shown in Figure 2 e, narrow using T-type by preform 22 along secondary 90 ° of the overturning clockwise of its center X-axis line Anvil front end boss planar end surface suppresses the corner projection metal 23 of top and bottom two sides, until flattening;
Step 8: if after upper surface is flattened, size has been approached final desired size, then step 11 is carried out, if preform 22 height are not up to final desired size, then continue to push, and continue the cross section profile of preform 22 in X shape;
Step 9: then preform 22 being overturn 90 ° along its center X-axis line again clockwise, utilize the narrow anvil front end of T-type Boss planar end surface pushes the corner projection metal 23 on another two face again, until flattening;
Step 10: if preform 22 is highly not up to final desired size, repeatedly step 8, continues to push, by upper table 22 height of preform has reached final size requirement after face pressure is flat, then flattens;
Step 11: preform 22 then being turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line, as shown in figure 2f, utilizes T-type The corner projection metal 23 of narrow anvil front end boss planar end surface compacting another two face two sides requires the pulling of preform 22 to final Size, it is final to obtain the finished product blank 25 for meeting final desired size.
A kind of pulling method in section X of the present invention is further described with reference to embodiments:
Embodiment one:
The square for being 500mm*500mm by 21 cross section of initial blank, pulling are to 25 cross section of finished product blank The square of 300mm*300mm.
According to final size required by finished product blank 25, the narrow anvil staked specification of T-type is that the front end boss of the narrow anvil of T-type is long Spend L=36mm, the front end boss height H=4mm of the narrow anvil of T-type, front end boss gradient α=30 ° of the narrow anvil of T-type, the anvil of the narrow anvil of T-type Wide ratio is 0.8.
It is as follows to pull out operating procedure:
(1) initial blank 21 is heated to 1100 DEG C of initial forging temperature;
(2) it is placed on initial blank 21 is symmetrical between upper anvil 1 and lower anvil 3;
(3) anvil 3 remains stationary under, and upper anvil 1 pushes initial blank 21, and first time volume under pressure is 200mm;
(4) initial blank 21 is turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line, lower anvil 3 remains stationary, and upper anvil 1 is to first Beginning blank 21 continues to push, and second of volume under pressure is 320mm, obtains the preform 22 that cross section is X shape at this time;
(5) preform 22 is turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line, lower anvil 3 remains stationary, and upper anvil 1 is to pre- Base material 22 continues to push, and third time volume under pressure is 250mm;
(6) preform 22 is turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line, lower anvil 3 remains stationary, and upper anvil 1 is to pre- Base material 22 continues to push, and the 4th volume under pressure is 250mm;
(7) preform 22 is turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line, lower anvil 3 remains stationary, and upper anvil 1 is to pre- Base material 22 continues to push, and spill 24 is flattened, and the 5th volume under pressure is 100mm or so.
Embodiment two:
The square for being 500mm*500mm by 21 cross section of initial blank, pulling are to 25 cross section of finished product blank The square of 250mm*250mm.
According to final size required by finished product blank 25, the narrow anvil staked specification of T-type is that the front end boss of the narrow anvil of T-type is long Spend L=30mm, the front end boss height H=3mm of the narrow anvil of T-type, front end boss gradient α=30 ° of the narrow anvil of T-type, the anvil of the narrow anvil of T-type Wide ratio is 0.8.
It is as follows to pull out operating procedure:
(1) initial blank 21 is heated to 1100 DEG C;
(2) it is placed on initial blank 21 is symmetrical between upper anvil 1 and lower anvil 3;
(3) anvil 3 remains stationary under, and upper anvil 1 is pushed, and first time volume under pressure is 220mm;
(4) initial blank 21 is turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line, lower anvil 3 remains stationary, and upper anvil 1 is to first Beginning blank 21 continues to push, and second of volume under pressure is 340mm, obtains the preform 22 that cross section is X shape at this time;
(5) preform 22 is turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line, lower anvil 3 remains stationary, and upper anvil 1 is to pre- Base material 22 continues to push, and third time volume under pressure is 250mm;
(6) preform 22 is turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line, lower anvil 3 remains stationary, and upper anvil 1 is to pre- Base material 22 continues to push, and the 4th volume under pressure is 170mm;
(7) preform 22 is turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line, lower anvil 3 remains stationary, and upper anvil 1 is to pre- Base material 22 continues to push, and the 5th volume under pressure is 150mm;
(8) preform 22 is turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line, lower anvil 3 remains stationary, and upper anvil 1 is to pre- Base material 22 continues to push, and spill 24 is flattened, and the 6th volume under pressure is 60mm or so.
The advantages of in order to preferably protrude the section X pulling method, to internal in the section X pulling method and flat-anvils stretching method Shear strain field has carried out comparative analysis.
Fig. 3 a is the section the X obtained shear strain field of pulling method as a result, Fig. 3 b is flat-anvils stretching rectangular section blank technique Obtained shear strain field is as a result, by comparison diagram 3a and 3b, there it can be seen that when flat-anvils stretching rectangular section blank, such as Fruit rectangular section blank is more than to expect that the range of wide ratio will form a cross section due to the influence of anvil face and blank surface friction Subtriangular stagnant zone, under the influence of stagnant zone, center portion can generate the shear strain area of diagonal shape, until square Tee section blank enters reasonable material width than in range, shear strain area can just disappear, thus within a period of time of pulling process The shearing stress of center portion diagonal direction will occur, after blank overturns 90 ° along its center X-axis line, if rectangular section blank still above The range for expecting wide ratio, then will continue to the shearing stress for center portion diagonal direction occur, under the pullling repeatedly of shearing stress, easily in center portion Region leads to diagonal line crackle.
And the section X pulls out method during pulling, it is convex in two vertex angle parts due to the difference in X-shaped section and rectangular section The subtriangular stagnant zone in cross section will not be generated under the influence of metal by rising, to upset the shear strain area inside blank, Make X-shaped section blank when being more than to expect the range of wide ratio in this way, the shearing stress of center portion diagonal direction will not occur, inhibits diagonal The generation of line crackle.
The advantages of in order to preferably protrude the section X pulling method, to horizontal inside the section X pulling method and flat-anvils stretching method Comparative analysis to stress field.
Fig. 4 a is the section the X obtained lateral stress field of pulling method as a result, Fig. 4 b is the transverse direction that flat-anvils stretching technique obtains Stress field is as a result, by comparison diagram 4a and 4b, there it can be seen that when flat-anvils stretching rectangular section blank, if rectangle is cut Dough material is more than the range for expecting wide ratio, horizontal tensile stress can occurs in center portion, and in Casting Ingot Solidification Process, center portion is easier to gas occur Hole, be mingled with, coarse grains the defects of so that blank center portion very little horizontal tensile stress effect under will crack.
And the section X pulling method pulled out under the wide ratio of identical material, the section X blank under the influence of two sides " spill ", It has lateral compression component to generate, to also can guarantee that center portion will not generate horizontal tensile stress under big material width ratio.
Embodiment described above is only that preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described, not to the scope of the present invention It is defined, without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are to technical solution of the present invention The various changes and improvements made should all be fallen into the protection scope that claims of the present invention determines.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of section X based on center compacting pulls out method, which is characterized in that using the narrow anvil of T-type respectively to upper and lower opposite, a left side Right opposite extrudes spill, obtains the preform that cross-sectional profiles are in X-shape, recycles the narrow anvil of the T-type to the cross section Profile is suppressed again in the preform of X shape, thus mechanics when changing flat-anvils stretching rectangular section blank inside blank State, the narrow anvil of T-type can make initial blank still keep the shape and size of required spill under big drafts, be embodied Steps are as follows:
(1) it is suppressed along the vertical direction using initial blank of the narrow anvil of the T-type to rectangular section, thus recessed needed for extruding The initial blank is then turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line, pushed again followed by the narrow anvil of the T-type by shape, Spill needed for extruding, it is final to obtain the preform that cross section profile is in X shape;
(2) the corner projection gold on the preform of X-shape or more opposite is pushed using the front end boss planar end surface of the narrow anvil of the T-type Belong to, behind the inside of metal indentation X shape preform, under being continued according to the size that finished product blank requires with default volume under pressure Pressure;The preform is then turned clockwise 90 ° along its center X-axis line, utilizes the front end boss flush end of the narrow anvil of the T-type Face pushes the corner projection metal on remaining two sides again, after the metal to be pressed into the inside of the preform, according to described The final size that finished product blank requires continues to push;Finally obtain the finished product blank met the size requirements.
2. the section X according to claim 1 based on center compacting pulls out method, which is characterized in that before the narrow anvil of T-type End boss spill required when being pulling.
3. the section X according to claim 2 based on center compacting pulls out method, which is characterized in that the narrow anvil of T-type is to square When tee section initial blank is suppressed, the front end projection width of the narrow anvil of T-type is narrow, and the contact surface of initial blank is greater than described The narrow anvil of T-type to making the center portion of initial blank not generate transversal crack, meanwhile, when the preform height is less than the T It, can be to the prefabricated blank using the planar end surface of the narrow anvil front end boss of the T-type after the front end boss planar end surface width of the narrow anvil of type It is suppressed the entire upper surface of material.
4. the section X according to claim 3 based on center compacting pulls out method, which is characterized in that the narrow anvil front end of T-type The planar end surface of boss depresses the corner projection metal of opposite up and down of X shape preform, thus inside X shape preform The shear strain area of diagonal line shape is not will form, and due to the direction center portion pressure of the left and right sides spill of X shape preform generation The components of stress, so that center portion is in compressive stress state always, to inhibit diagonal direction loose and the generation of transversal crack.
5. the section X according to claim 3 based on center compacting pulls out method, which is characterized in that the narrow anvil specification of T-type The planar end surface length L for being selected as the narrow anvil front end boss of the T-type be greater than the finished product blank final size 15%~ The range of 20%, the narrow anvil front end boss height H of T-type are the 10%~20% of the final size of finished product blank, and the T-type is narrow The range of the front end boss gradient α of anvil is between 20 °~40 °, the range of the anvil width ratio of the narrow anvil of T-type be 0.5~0.9 it Between.
6. the section X according to claim 5 based on center compacting pulls out method, which is characterized in that single pushes when pulling Amount range be selected as first time volume under pressure for after spill, push again needed for extruding be about initial blank height 5%~ 8%, second of volume under pressure is to push again after extruding required spill, and volume under pressure is that pressed preform height is less than T-type Narrow anvil front end boss planar end surface length L, making pressed preform height is about the 85%~95% of L.
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