CN110814249B - Forming method of stainless steel long pipe forging - Google Patents

Forming method of stainless steel long pipe forging Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110814249B
CN110814249B CN201911107942.9A CN201911107942A CN110814249B CN 110814249 B CN110814249 B CN 110814249B CN 201911107942 A CN201911107942 A CN 201911107942A CN 110814249 B CN110814249 B CN 110814249B
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blank
forging
long
extrusion
temperature
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CN110814249A (en
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覃佳栋
何俊
王莹
惠瑞拓
杨辉
吴娟利
赵彦辉
雷丹
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AECC Aviation Power Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for forming a stainless steel long-tube forging, which extrudes the long-tube forging through an extrusion forming process, obtains high-quality structure performance, and can effectively prevent the problem of abnormal grain growth caused by uneven forging of raw materials and forgings.

Description

Forming method of stainless steel long pipe forging
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hot working, and particularly relates to a forming method of a stainless steel long pipe type forging.
Background
1Cr11Ni2W2MoV is a martensite heat-resistant stainless steel, and has high room-temperature tensile strength, endurance strength limit and creep limit. Meanwhile, the martensite heat-strong stainless steel is sensitive to forging heating parameters and process control, and in the forging process, because heating, forging cooling and operation are not standard, a forged blank has many defects and is scrapped when the defects are serious. Typical defects include: coarse grains and excessive delta ferrite cause forging cracking, and large temperature stress and structural stress caused by improper cooling, thereby causing blank cracking.
The free forging process is adopted for the 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV forged piece of the long tube of the aeroengine originally, but the length of the forged piece is long, the free forging is not integrally formed, the deformation is local forming, the deformation is uneven, the tissue performance is difficult to be qualified, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic flaw detection is unqualified due to the uneven tissue.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provides a method for forming a stainless steel long-tube forging, which adopts an extrusion forming process to ensure that the long-tube forging has high-quality structure performance and meets the requirement of ultrasonic flaw detection.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the steps of:
step one, preparing a 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV blank according to the size of a forging;
step two, preprocessing the blank;
coating a glass lubricant on the surface of the preprocessed blank, heating and insulating the blank to melt the glass lubricant on the surface of the blank to form a liquid film;
step four, putting the blank after heat preservation into a die in an oil press for extrusion, extruding a long pipe forging and then cooling;
step five, annealing the cooled long pipe forging;
and sixthly, performing rough machining on the long pipe forging subjected to annealing treatment to finish the forming of the long pipe forging.
And in the second step, the blank is preprocessed by rounding the blank and processing a groove matched with an extrusion head of the oil press at one end of the blank.
And in the third step, heating and insulating the blank, namely charging the blank at the temperature of below 1050 ℃, heating to 1120 ℃, and insulating for 0.6-0.8 min/mm according to the equivalent thickness.
And in the fourth step, before extruding the blank, preheating the die at the preheating temperature of 300 +/-50 ℃.
In the fourth step, the extrusion speed is 4-6 mm/s during extrusion.
And in the fourth step, when the temperature of the blank is more than or equal to 950 ℃ during extrusion, the extrusion is stopped.
And fifthly, annealing treatment is carried out in an air furnace, the air furnace is heated to 680-720 ℃, the long-tube forging is placed into the air furnace, the temperature is raised to 680-720 ℃, heat preservation is carried out, the long-tube forging is taken out after the heat preservation is finished, and air cooling is carried out to below 20 ℃ to obtain the annealed workpiece.
The heat preservation time is determined according to the diameter of the long pipe forging, and is 60 minutes plus (1-3) minutes/mm.
Compared with the prior art, the long-tube forging is extruded by the extrusion forming process, high-quality structure performance is obtained, the problem of abnormal grain growth caused by uneven forging of raw materials and forgings can be effectively solved, the extruded long-tube forging is annealed, the forging cracking caused by thermal stress in the cooling process of the alloy can be effectively prevented, and the requirement of ultrasonic flaw detection can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a blank;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a blank after pre-processing;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the hydraulic press;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an extruded long tube forging;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a long tubular forging after rough machining;
wherein, 1, extruding a head connecting rod; 2. an extrusion head; 3. extruding the insert; 4. an upper extrusion cylinder; 5. a middle extrusion cylinder; 6. and (4) a lower extrusion cylinder.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
first step, blank calculation
And calculating the diameter and the length of the blank according to the size of the forging and the extrusion ratio of the forging. The extrusion ratio of the forging is the area ratio lambda of 3:1 before and after deformation according to the diameter D of the forging2Calculating the diameter D of the bar1. According to the weight G of the forging2Calculating the weight G of the bar1. Calculating the height H of the blank according to the relation between the volume and the weight of the blank1. The blank is schematically shown in figure 2.
D2＝150mm
Figure BDA0002271873330000031
G2＝118Kg
G1＝1.02×G2＝120Kg
ρ＝7.8g/cm2
Figure BDA0002271873330000032
The second step is that: blank machine feeding
And (4) machining, rounding the bar stock, and machining a circular groove at one end. The rough machining of the blank is schematically shown in FIG. 3, D1＝260mm,H1＝290mm。
The third step: heating of
Uniformly spraying a glass lubricant on the surface of the blank, charging at the temperature of below 1050 ℃, heating to 1120 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 160 minutes according to the calculation of 0.6 minute/millimeter.
The fourth step: extrusion
The billet is extruded in a die of an oil press.
Preheating the die, wherein the preheating temperature of the die is as follows: 300 +/-50 ℃ and the pressing speed of the extrusion head is 4 mm/s. The forging stop temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃, and after extrusion is finished, the forge piece is placed on a special material rack for cooling. Forging indicatorIt is intended to refer to fig. 5, D2＝150mm，H2＝670mm。
The fifth step: annealing
Placing the forged piece in an air furnace, and annealing; the specific process of the annealing treatment comprises the following steps: firstly, heating an air furnace to 680 ℃, putting the workpiece into the air furnace, heating to 680 ℃, and preserving heat; after the heat preservation is finished, taking out the workpiece, and cooling the workpiece in air to below 20 ℃; obtaining an annealed workpiece; the heat preservation time is determined according to the diameter of the rod part of the workpiece, the heat preservation time is calculated according to the diameter of 60 minutes +1 minute/mm, and the heat preservation time is 210 minutes.
And a sixth step: roughing of forgings
The forging is roughly machined according to the drawing 6D3＝145mm，D4＝75mm，H2＝630mm。
The seventh step: flaw detection
And carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on the forged piece according to the standard requirement.
Example 2:
first step, blank calculation
And calculating the diameter and the length of the blank according to the size of the forging and the extrusion ratio of the forging. The extrusion ratio of the forging is the area ratio lambda of 3:1 before and after deformation according to the diameter D of the forging2Calculating the diameter D of the bar1. According to the weight G of the forging2Calculating the weight G of the bar1. Calculating the height H of the blank according to the relation between the volume and the weight of the blank1. The blank is schematically shown in figure 2.
D2＝150mm
Figure BDA0002271873330000041
G2＝118Kg
G1＝1.02×G2＝120Kg
ρ＝7.8g/cm2
Figure BDA0002271873330000051
The second step is that: blank machine feeding
And (4) machining, rounding the bar stock, and machining a circular groove at one end. The rough machining of the blank is schematically shown in FIG. 3, D1＝260mm,H1＝290mm。
The third step: heating of
Uniformly spraying a glass lubricant on the surface of the blank, charging at the temperature of below 1050 ℃, heating to 1120 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 182 minutes according to the calculation of 0.7 minute/millimeter.
The fourth step: extrusion
The billet is extruded in a die of an oil press.
Preheating the die, wherein the preheating temperature of the die is as follows: 300 +/-50 ℃ and the pressing speed of the extrusion head is 5 mm/s. The forging stop temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃, and after extrusion is finished, the forge piece is placed on a special material rack for cooling. The forging is shown in figure 5, D2＝150mm，H2＝670mm。
The fifth step: annealing
Placing the forged piece in an air furnace, and annealing; the specific process of the annealing treatment comprises the following steps: firstly, heating an air furnace to 700 ℃, putting a workpiece into the air furnace, heating to 700 ℃, and preserving heat; after the heat preservation is finished, taking out the workpiece, and cooling the workpiece in air to below 20 ℃; obtaining an annealed workpiece; the heat preservation time is determined according to the diameter of the rod part of the workpiece, and is calculated according to the diameter of 60 minutes +2 minutes/mm, and the heat preservation time is 360 minutes.
And a sixth step: roughing of forgings
The forging is roughly processed D according to the figure 63＝145mm，D4＝75mm，H2＝630mm。
The seventh step: flaw detection
And carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on the forged piece according to the standard requirement.
Example 3:
first step, blank calculation
And calculating the diameter and the length of the blank according to the size of the forging and the extrusion ratio of the forging. The extrusion ratio of the forging is the area ratio lambda of 3:1 before and after deformation according to the diameter D of the forging2Calculating the diameter D of the bar1. According to the weight G of the forging2Calculating the weight G of the bar1. Calculating the height H of the blank according to the relation between the volume and the weight of the blank1. The blank is schematically shown in figure 2.
D2＝150mm
Figure BDA0002271873330000061
G2＝118Kg
G1＝1.02×G2＝120Kg
ρ＝7.8g/cm2
Figure BDA0002271873330000062
The second step is that: blank machine feeding
And (4) machining, rounding the bar stock, and machining a circular groove at one end. The rough machining of the blank is schematically shown in FIG. 3, D1＝260mm,H1＝290mm。
The third step: heating of
Uniformly spraying a glass lubricant on the surface of the blank, charging at the temperature of below 1050 ℃, heating to 1120 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 0.8 min/mm.
The fourth step: extrusion
The billet is extruded in a die of an oil press.
Preheating the die, wherein the preheating temperature of the die is as follows: 300 +/-50 ℃ and the pressing speed of the extrusion head is 6 mm/s. The forging stop temperature is more than or equal to 950 ℃, and after extrusion is finished, the forge piece is placed on a special material rack for cooling. The forging is shown in figure 5, D2＝150mm，H2＝670mm。
The fifth step: annealing
Placing the forged piece in an air furnace, and annealing; the specific process of the annealing treatment comprises the following steps: firstly, heating an air furnace to 720 ℃, putting the workpiece into the air furnace, heating to 720 ℃, and preserving heat; after the heat preservation is finished, taking out the workpiece, and cooling the workpiece in air to below 20 ℃; obtaining an annealed workpiece; the heat preservation time is determined according to the diameter of the rod part of the workpiece, the heat preservation time is calculated according to the diameter of 60 minutes +3 minutes/mm, and the heat preservation time is 510 minutes.
And a sixth step: roughing of forgings
The forging is roughly machined according to the drawing 6D3＝145mm，D4＝75mm，H2＝630mm。
The seventh step: flaw detection
And carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on the forged piece according to the standard requirement.
Referring to fig. 4, the die of the oil press is composed of six parts, which are respectively: 1. an extrusion head connecting rod; 2. an extrusion head; 3. extruding the insert; 4. an upper extrusion cylinder; 5. a middle extrusion cylinder; 6. and (4) a lower extrusion cylinder.

Claims (1)

1. A forming method of a stainless steel long tube forging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing a 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV blank according to the size of a forging;
step two, preprocessing the blank; the blank preprocessing comprises the steps of rounding the blank, and processing a groove matched with an extrusion head of an oil press at one end of the blank;
coating a glass lubricant on the surface of the preprocessed blank, heating and insulating the blank to melt the glass lubricant on the surface of the blank to form a liquid film; the blank is heated and insulated, namely the blank is charged into a furnace below 1050 ℃, the temperature is raised to 1120 ℃ and then insulated, the insulation time is determined according to the diameter of the long tube forging, the insulation time is 60 minutes plus (1-3) minutes/mm, and the insulation time is 0.6-0.8 minutes/mm according to the equivalent thickness;
step four, preheating the die at the preheating temperature of 300 +/-50 ℃, putting the blank subjected to heat preservation into the die in an oil press for extrusion at the extrusion speed of 4mm/s, stopping extrusion when the temperature of the blank is more than or equal to 950 ℃, and cooling after extruding the long-tube forge piece;
step five, annealing the cooled long pipe forging; annealing treatment is carried out in an air furnace, the air furnace is heated to 680-720 ℃, the long-tube forging is put into the air furnace, the temperature is raised to 680-720 ℃, heat preservation is carried out, after the heat preservation is finished, the long-tube forging is taken out, and air cooling is carried out to below 20 ℃, so as to obtain an annealed workpiece;
and sixthly, performing rough machining on the long pipe forging subjected to annealing treatment to finish the forming of the long pipe forging.
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CN113106206B (en) * 2021-04-02 2022-05-24 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 Manufacturing method of 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV heat-resistant steel forging for fastener

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