CN102320896A

CN102320896A - Quick-dissolving fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN102320896A
Application number: CN201110250225A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 施友刚
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-08-23
Filing date: 2011-08-23
Publication date: 2012-01-18

Abstract

The invention relates to an organic and inorganic compound fertilizer applied to vegetable production, in particular to a quick-dissolving fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the quick-dissolving fertilizer comprises the following components in content by weight: 10-50 percent of ammonium nitro-humate, 0-40 percent of urea, 0-10 percent of ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate, 0-35 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 0-20 percent of potassium sulfate, 0-5 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-1 percent of zinc sulfate and 0.3-0.8 percent of borax. The fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the effects of improving the structure and texture of soil, improving the soil fertility, improving the ventilation property and the water-retaining property, promoting the propagation and the growth of beneficial microorganisms, improving the stress resistance of crops and enhancing the drought-resisting (water-logging-resisting), cold-resisting and disease-resisting capabilities; and the quick-dissolving fertilizer is an ideal fertilizer for the production base of pollution-free foods.

Description

A kind of instantly-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to the composite organic-inorganic fertilizer of application in the vegetables production, specifically a kind of instantly-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof.

Background technology

In vegetables produced, because the growth time of vegetables is short, the peasant was in order to obtain high yield simultaneously, and too much drops into chemical fertilizer to the vegetable plot, accumulation throughout the year, and the hardening soil, various diseases increase the weight of, and the unnecessary chemical fertilizer that retains in the soil is along with the irrigation water polluted underground water.

In the prior art, conventional chemical nitrogenous fertilizer all has good water-solubility, execute in the soil after very easily the loss, fertilizer efficiency period only can be kept 20～60 days; And phosphate fertilizer is easy to fixed by adsorption by soil after executing in the soil, becomes invalid attitude (especially in calcareous soil); Thereby development and production can be kept nitrogenous fertilizer long-acting can reduce very necessity of phosphate fertilizer fixed sustained-controll-release fertiliser again.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of soil regime, efficient, long lasting instantly-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof of improving.

For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:

A kind of instantly-soluble fertilizer, the weight content of each component are nitro-humic acid ammonium 10～50%, urea 0～40%; An ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate 0～10%, monoammonium phosphate 0～35%, vitriolate of tartar 0～20%; Sal epsom 0～5%, zinc sulfate 0.5～1%, borax 0.3～0.8%.

The preferable weight content of each component is nitro-humic acid ammonium 31%, urea 18.5%, an ammonium nitrate 10%, monoammonium phosphate 18%, vitriolate of tartar 20%, sal epsom 1%, zinc sulfate 1%, borax 0.5%.

The preparation method of instantly-soluble fertilizer is:

1) production of nitro-humic acid ammonium

By weight with 60～80% the brown coal or the nitric acid of the peat composed of rotten mosses and 5～10% weight concentrations 40%～70%, abundant stirring reaction 30 or more than 30 minutes; After the ammoniacal liquor that adds 5～15% ammonium nitrate and 10～25% weight concentrations 40%～70% then mixes, fully be stirred under 25～30 ℃ the temperature confined reaction 10～20 days;

Described other each raw material of nitro-humic acid ammonium that 2) will be processed into and claim 1 is thorough mixing in proportion, and the packing of sieving is finished product, and the finished product granularity is smaller or equal to 4mm.

The present invention has following advantage:

Cardinal principle of the present invention is with humic acids process nitration oxidation and ammonification, ammonium ion is combined with humic acids, and make the long-chain humic acids change the short chain humic acids into; Be reassembled into nitro-humic acid ammonium; The introducing of nitro and ammonium ion has improved the activity of ammonium humate, can residual inorganic nutrients in the soil be activated through exchanged form, and the integration ability of activatory nitro-humic acid ammonium strengthens simultaneously; Produced its provide protection to phosphorus nutrition in the soil; Make by fixed inorganic nutrients activation in the soil, the rate of oxidation of slowing down nitrogen reaches the rational NH of maintenance ⁺ ₄With NO ^- ₃The purpose of ratio, ammonium humate also can improve the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer with being cemented out by high volence metal ion fixed phosphorus in the soil simultaneously.

Fertilizer of the present invention has the structure of improving the soil and quality, culture fertility, raising ventilation property and water-retentivity, promotes useful microbe breeding growth; Improve crop anti-adversity, strengthen drought resisting (waterlogging), cold-resistant and resistance against diseases; It is the ideal usefulness fertilizer of pollution-free food production base; Be specially,

1. instant nothing deposition.The present invention uses nitrated and ammonium way of combining activation humic acids, humic acids not soluble in water is transformed under the situation that has fertilizer to exist is dissolved in water rapidly; And have very strong sequestering power, thereby alleviated the antagonistic action between the nutrient element, avoided between the nutrient interacting and precipitate the obstruction water pipe.

2. efficient long-acting.The present invention uses the long-acting added-acting technical products NAM that Shenyang Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences develops; And the function of combined humic acid, making that nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are combined into efficiently, durable composite fertilizer, its function is to improve 9～13 percentage points of nitrogen use efficiencies; Phosphorus utilization improves 5～10 percentage points; The potassium utilization ratio improves 3～5 percentage points, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition are discharged according to certain rules, controls higher NH ⁺ ₄Ratio is reduced the loss, thereby the comprehensive fertilizer efficiency of chemical fertilizer is improved greatly, can make the plain nutrition of nitrogen phosphorus keep a higher supply intensity and transformation time in the phase at crop growth.

3. complete processing is simple.Processing technology core of the present invention is the processing and the production of nitro humic acid, and the processing of nitro humic acid is directly connected to the activation and the sequestering power of humic acids; Used simple for process, do not need special processing units, be easy to manufacturer's operation that starts.

4. be suitable for fruits and vegetables production needs.The present invention forms complexing (or chelating) body through the pre-treatment of humic acids and with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium basis fertilizer, and the utilization of long-acting added-acting technology, improves crop to nutrient absorbing, and the loss of forcing down fertilizer nutrient guarantees that the later stage confession is fertile, forms combined effect.

This fertilizer is compared with present general compoiste fertilizer, and its function shows as follows:

(1) can make the base manure applied once and exempt to topdress, fertilizer efficiency is stable, and early stage is overfertilization not, and mid-term is fertilizer deficiency not, and the later stage is not taken off fertilizer.

(2) it can improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, and wherein the nitrogen utilization efficiency than general chemical fertilizer can improve 30～40%, and the plain utilization ratio of phosphorus can improve 20～30%, and the potassium utilization rate can improve 5～10%.Fertilizer efficiency period can reach 50～70 days scopes, and the nutrient supply form is controlled.

(3) nitrogen amount fertilising such as, fruits and vegetables increase production more than 20%; The same equal yield line of crop saves fertile 20～30% than conventional fertilizer application is average.

(4) easy to use, nontoxic, harmless, safe and reliable, alleviate the pollution of chemical fertilizer to environment, harmful substance contents such as the nitrate salt in reduction dish, the fruit, nitrite help environment protection.

(5) have the structure of improving the soil and quality, getting fat soil fertility, raising ventilation property and water-retentivity, promote useful microbe breeding growth; Improve crop anti-adversity, strengthen drought resisting (waterlogging), cold-resistant and resistance against diseases.

Embodiment

The present invention utilizes efficiently nitro-humic acid ammonium and mineral manure to produce controllable high-efficiency organic (inorganic) composite fertilizer by the crop regulation of fertilizer requirement, and wherein mineral manure comprises nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, middle trace element and suppressor factor.

Embodiment 1

1) nitro-humic acid ammonium production: the brown coal that will contain humic acids are crushed to 200 orders, by weight with 70% the brown coal dry powder and the nitric acid of 15% weight concentration 50%, the abundant stirring reaction of room temperature 40 minutes; After the ammoniacal liquor that adds 5% ammonium nitrate and 10% weight concentration 60% then mixes, fully be stirred under 25 ℃ the temperature confined reaction 15 days;

10% nitro-humic acid ammonium that 2) will be processed into and 40% urea, 10% an ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate, 30% monoammonium phosphate, 5% vitriolate of tartar, 3.5% sal epsom, 1% zinc sulfate, 0.5% borax thorough mixing is finished product after being screened into meal, packing.

Embodiment 2

1) nitro-humic acid ammonium production: the peat composed of rotten mosses that will contain humic acids is crushed to 200 orders, by weight with 60% the peat composed of rotten mosses dry powder and the nitric acid of 10% weight concentration 40%, the abundant stirring reaction of room temperature 30 minutes; After the ammoniacal liquor that adds 5% ammonium nitrate and 25% weight concentration 40% then mixes, fully be stirred under 28 ℃ the temperature confined reaction 10 days;

50% nitro-humic acid ammonium that 2) will be processed into and 2% urea, 2% an ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate, 22% monoammonium phosphate, 18% vitriolate of tartar, 5% sal epsom, 0.7% zinc sulfate, 0.3% borax thorough mixing is finished product after being screened into meal, packing.

Embodiment 3

1) nitro-humic acid ammonium production: the brown coal and the peat composed of rotten mosses that will contain humic acids are crushed to 240 orders, by weight with 80% the brown coal and the nitric acid of peat composed of rotten mosses dry powder and 5% weight concentration 70%, the abundant stirring reaction of room temperature 50 minutes; After the ammoniacal liquor that adds 5% ammonium nitrate and 10% weight concentration 70% then mixes, fully be stirred under 30 ℃ the temperature confined reaction 20 days;

25% nitro-humic acid ammonium that 2) will be processed into and 18% urea, 8% an ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate, 35% monoammonium phosphate, 10% vitriolate of tartar, 3% sal epsom, 0.6% zinc sulfate, 0.4% borax thorough mixing is finished product after being screened into meal, packing.

Application examples

The fertilizer that adopts embodiment 1 to produce carries out application experiment in the apple orchard; Wherein (1), (2) are control group, use common fertilizer, and (3), (4) are special-purpose fertile for using the present invention; Said common fertilizer is conventional NPK composite fertilizer, N wherein, and P, the content of K and ratio and instance of the present invention 1 are special-purpose fertile identical; It is used shown in the following tabulation 1～3 of result.

Table 1 humic acid fertilizer is to the influence of apple leaf growth

Table 2 humic acid fertilizer is to the influence of apple fruit setting rate

Handle	Spend number	Percentage of fertile fruit	Fruit rate (%)	Setting index (%)
					(1) (0.3 jin/m ²)	688	203	29.506	100
(2) (0.15 jin/m ^2-)	477	123	25.78	100
					(3) (0.3 jin/m ²)	613	208	33.93	115.0
(4) (0.15 jin/m ^2-)	402	131	32.587	126.4

Table 3 humic acid fertilizer is to the influence of apple single fruit weight and output

Claims

1. instantly-soluble fertilizer is characterized in that:

The weight content of each component is nitro-humic acid ammonium 10～50%, urea 0～40%, an ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate 0～10%, monoammonium phosphate 0～35%, vitriolate of tartar 0～20%, sal epsom 0～5%, zinc sulfate 0.5～1%, borax 0.3～0.8%.

2. according to the said a kind of instantly-soluble fertilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that:

The weight content of each component is nitro-humic acid ammonium 31%, urea 18.5%, an ammonium nitrate 10%, monoammonium phosphate 18%, vitriolate of tartar 20%, sal epsom 1%, zinc sulfate 1%, borax 0.5%.

3. preparation method according to the said a kind of instantly-soluble fertilizer of claim 1 is characterized in that:

1) production of nitro-humic acid ammonium