CN102301915A - Method for earthed cultivation and strain production of Pleurotus tuberregium and culture medium - Google Patents
Method for earthed cultivation and strain production of Pleurotus tuberregium and culture medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for earthed cultivation and strain production of Pleurotus tuberregium and a culture medium. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps of: directly placing sclerotium tissues on a slant culture medium to carry out a strain production; culturing and cultivating by a solid culture medium and then utilizing an earthed cultivation. The method solves the problem that the Pleurotus tuberregium is cultivated by liquid strains or a bag type fruiting method for long time. The slant culture medium is composed of 35-40 parts of corn starch, 15-25 parts of wheat bran, 8-12 parts of cane sugar, 8-12 parts of glucose, 1.8-2.2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.9-1.1 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5-7 parts of yeast powder, 0.008-0.012 part of VB1, 16-20 parts of agar and 800-1200 parts of water. The method provided by the invention is convenient for large-area production, the mycelium is thick and strong, the pollution rate is less than 5%, and the time for obtaining the mycelium only needs 7 days; the husk of the solid culture medium has good air permeability, the pH value can be adjusted by lime, and the solid culture medium satisfies mineral requirements; and the biological conversion rate of the earthed cultivation method can reach more than 80%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil covering culture and bacterial classification preparation method and medium of Pleurotus tuber-regium, belong to biological technical field.
Background technology
Medium is the nutrient matrix that edible fungi growth needs.Needs according to test or production are divided into master clock to bacterial classification, and original seed is produced and planted.Medium must contain all nutriments of thalli growth, and every kind of material has suitable concentration ratio, suitable acid-base value.The material of preparation medium can be suited measures to local conditions, and the source is wide, and safety is nontoxic, and cost is low and suitably select for use.Medium will pass through strict sterilization, under germ-free condition, cultivates to reach the purpose of edible mushroom pure culture.
Slant medium also is a kind of form of solid culture medium; Should quantitatively be sub-packed in vitro while hot during making, and solidify the slant medium that is called in the slope, be used for bacterial classification and enlarge tube and culture presevation.The notion relative and arranged side by side with slant medium is: plating medium, high-rise medium.Solid culture medium is poured in the culture dish, is frozen into the plating medium that is called on plane, is used for some characteristic of strain separating and research mushroom; Be divided in vitro, uprightly solidify and process be called high-rise medium, though it is a little little to insert the face of growing behind the bacterial classification like this, the thickness of medium increases, and is nutritious, the time is longer also to be not easy drying, cracking, is usually used in preserving bacterial classification.
Existing Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification solid culture medium is: PDA+ peptone+potassium dihydrogen phosphate+magnesium sulfate+Cobastab
1Because peptone wherein is more expensive, and the mycelia that produces is sparse, unhealthy and strong, output is not high, and therefore training quality seldom is used for large tracts of land and promotes again not as liquid nutrient medium.At present; The large tracts of land production of Pleurotus tuber-regium is still long-term to rely on liquid strain to cultivate; Yet liquid nutrient medium exists checkout equipment not pass a test again; Adopt liquid spawn to be used for producing problems such as being easy to cause pollution in wide area again; And the pocket type mushroom springing method is adopted in the cultivation of Pleurotus tuber-regium, because the moisture of medium is dry easily; So adopt this method cultivation output not increase, biological transformation ratio has only 30%.
Summary of the invention
One of the object of the invention provides a kind of soil covering culture method of Pleurotus tuber-regium.
Two of the object of the invention provides that a kind of mycelia is sturdy, and pollution rate is little, obtains short slant medium of Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification time.
Three of the object of the invention provides a kind of solid culture medium of cultivating the Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification.
Four of the object of the invention provides a kind of preparation method of producing the Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification that adopts slant medium.
Five of the object of the invention provides a kind of cultivation cultivation method that adopts the cultivation cultivation Pleurotus tuber-regium of solid culture medium,
The complete set technology that provides a kind of Pleurotus tuber-regium cultivation of catalogue of the present invention is through providing slant medium and solid culture medium; And utilize described slant medium to produce the Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification; Utilize described solid culture medium to cultivate the cultivation Pleurotus tuber-regium again; Or after when described solid culture medium cultivation Pleurotus tuber-regium, Pleurotus tuber-regium being cultivated; Carry out soil covering culture again; The purpose of each invention of the present invention can integratedly be used, and also can use separately, and propose claim; Owing to belong to the same theme of the complete set technology of producing Pleurotus tuber-regium, therefore have unicity.
One of the object of the invention is achieved in that
Comprise following several step:
A, place are selected: select dried up source near, loosing soil is fertile, and the good vacant lot of irrigation and drainage is the fruiting place; The place is chosen as ground open-air or on the scene and builds cool canopy;
The processing of B, earthing: by wide 1.0-1.3m, dark 0.08-0.12m digs shallow ridges with the furrow face, will loosen the soil to collect and carry out composting expelling parasite and sterilization; After converting the dilution of 30-50kg water with 1-1.5kg lime, admixes in every cubic metre of soil; The lid film was opened film after vexed 3-5 days, and the scarifying mound is subsequent use; Groove face spray mass concentration is that 1-1.5% limewash carries out expelling parasite and sterilization, and is subsequent use as the mushroom bed;
C, the bacterium bag that will cover with mycelia are opened bag; Earlier the furrow face being used mass concentration is that 1-1.5% limewash waters; Then the bacterium bag is fitly lain on the furrow face; Bag and bag spacing 2-5cm; Insert the soil after the above-mentioned earthing of 2-5cm is handled; Water permeablely, use the shading of preserving moisture of the thick straw of 1-2 cm above again, just can;
D, management of producing mushroom: spray water 1-2 times early stage every day, keeps soil moisture in layer about 70-80%, and add a cover film and carry out heat and moisture preserving, original hase appearred in 7-10 days and after, take film off, strengthen water spray, keep relative air humidity 85-90%; Can carry out the 1st damp massee fruiting bodies in 5-7 days at warp gathers; After the 1st damp mushroom was gathered, arrangement furrow face stopped water spray, adds forced ventilation, and bacteria 5-10 days strengthens water spray, just can carry out inducing of the 2nd damp mushroom, and management method is the same; Gather 3-8 batches 40-80 days picking time jointly; Biological transformation ratio is 80-120%.
Two of the object of the invention is achieved in that the slant medium of producing the Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 35-40 parts of corn starchs, 15-25 parts in wheat bran, 8-12 parts of sucrose, 8-12 parts of glucose, 1.8-2.2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 0.9-1.1 parts in magnesium sulfate, 5-7 parts of dusty yeasts, VB
10.008 800-1200 parts in-0.012 part, 16-20 parts in agar and water.
Preferably form: 40 parts of corn starchs, 20 parts in wheat bran, 10 parts of sucrose, 10 parts of glucose, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 1 part in magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of dusty yeasts, VB by the raw material of following weight portion
10.01 part, 1000 parts in 18 parts in agar and water.
Three of the object of the invention is achieved in that the solid culture medium of cultivation Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: cotton seed hull 50-60 part, 15-25 parts of wood chips, 15-25 parts in wheat bran, husk 5-10 part, calcium carbonate 1-2 part, lime 1-2 part.
Preferably form: 53 parts of cotton seed hulls, 20 parts of wood chips, 20 parts in wheat bran, 5 parts on husk, 1 part in calcium carbonate, 1 part in lime by the raw material of following weight portion.
Four of the object of the invention is achieved in that the preparation method of Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification comprises following several step:
E, preparation slant medium, its component formulation weight part ratio is: 35-40 parts of corn starchs, 15-25 parts in wheat bran, 8-12 parts of sucrose, 8-12 parts of glucose, 1.8-2.2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 0.9-1.1 parts in magnesium sulfate, 5-7 parts of dusty yeasts, VB
10.008 800-1200 parts in-0.012 part, 16-20 parts in agar and water;
The sterilization of F, slant medium with the liquid nutrient solution that step e obtains, is packed in vitro, seals with cotton, and wrapping brown paper, retort sterilization is 35-45 minutes in 1.1-1.3 atmospheric pressure high-pressure sterilizing pots, and row is cooling tiltedly, and it is subsequent use to be frozen into the inclined-plane;
J, choose female bacterium mushroom of planting: it is mellow and full to get entity, solid, and maturity is that the bright Pleurotus tuber-regium of 70% one 50-80 gram is wrapped for use;
H, the sterilization of female kind bacterium mushroom: the bright Pleurotus tuber-regium of one 50-80 gram for use is put into inoculating hood; Fumigate processing; Stifling being treated to: 3-5 is restrained potassium permanganate put into a glassware, pour 8-10 milliliter formaldehyde again into, fumigate and carry out next step operation after 25-35 minutes again;
I, make bacterium mushroom tissue: the square shape bacterium mushroom tissue that Pleurotus tuber-regium is cut with a knife and becomes to be cut into 0.5-1cm;
J, tissue culture: in inoculating hood, the bacterium piece of making is sent in the slant medium with transfer needle, filled in tampon, wrapping brown paper places in 26-30 ℃ the environment, when mycelia is sturdy, promptly obtains the Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification.
Five of the object of the invention is achieved in that and comprises following several step:
K, preparation solid culture medium, its formulation weight part is: cotton seed hull 50-60 part, 15-25 parts of wood chips, 15-25 parts in wheat bran, husk 5-10 part, calcium carbonate 1-2 part, lime 1-2 part;
The making of L, cultivation bag; Sterilization; Inoculation; And cultivation or bacteria: with the polypropylene plastic sack of 14-16cm * 28-32cm, the solid culture medium of the step K of packing into is after conventional sterilization; Cool off subsequent use; In the aseptic inoculation case, each cultivation bag connected then and obtain the Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification in the described J step, move to then in the culturing room, bacterium bag temperature is controlled under 26-30 ℃ the temperature and cultivates;
The preferred version of the technical solution of one of the object of the invention is:
The bacterium bag that will cover with mycelia in the described C step is opened bag, and the bacterium bag that covers with mycelia is to cultivate in the L step to cover with the bacterium bag of mycelia.
The present invention directly places the sclerotium tissue and carries out the bacterial classification making on the slant medium, cultivates cultivation through solid culture medium, adopts soil covering culture again, has solved the problem that Pleurotus tuber-regium leans on liquid strain and pocket type mushroom springing method to cultivate for a long time.Slant medium of the present invention has prescription simply, be convenient to large tracts of land production, and mycelia is sturdy, and pollution rate is less than 5%.Only need 7 day time from separate tissue to obtaining bacterial classification.After this chatted the female kind access of face solid original seed, general 20-30 days mycelia were covered with.And can cover with in the common 30-40 of taking days, and mycelia is sparse, unhealthy and strong, output is not high.Solid culture medium has adopted husk and lime, and husk has excellent air permeability, can satisfy the good gas property in the Pleurotus tuber-regium growth fully, and lime can be regulated the Acidity of Aikalinity degree and satisfy mineral requirement.The present invention adopts first bacteria, and the cultivation method of back earthing has the good moisture preserving performance, and can absorb the trace element in the soil, and biological transformation ratio can reach more than 80%.
Embodiment
The present invention can do further description to the present invention through the following examples, yet scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
(1), a kind of slant medium that is used to produce the Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification, its formulation weight is: corn starch 40 gram, wheat bran 20 grams, sucrose 10 grams, glucose 10 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 grams, magnesium sulfate 1 gram, dusty yeast 6 grams, VB
110 milligrams, agar 18 grams and water 1000 grams;
(2), a kind of Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification preparation method, key step comprises:
A prepares slant medium, and its component formulation weight is: corn starch 40 grams, wheat bran 20 grams, sucrose 10 grams, glucose 10 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 grams, magnesium sulfate 1 gram, dusty yeast 6 grams, VB
110 milligrams, agar 18 grams and water 1000 grams;
B slant medium sterilization with the liquid nutrient solution that steps A obtains, is packed in vitro, seals with cotton, and wrapping brown paper, retort sterilization is 40 minutes in 1.2 atmospheric pressure high-pressure sterilizing pots, and row is cooling tiltedly, and it is subsequent use to be frozen into the inclined-plane;
C chooses female bacterium mushroom of planting: it is mellow and full to get entity, solid, and maturity is that the bright Pleurotus tuber-regium about about 70% one 70 gram is wrapped for use;
The female kind of d bacterium mushroom sterilization: the bright Pleurotus tuber-regium about one 70 gram for use is put into inoculating hood, fumigate processing, stifling being treated to: 4 gram potassium permanganate are put into a glassware, pour 9 milliliters of formaldehyde again into, fumigate and carry out next step operation after 30 minutes again;
E makes bacterium mushroom tissue: the square shape bacterium mushroom tissue that Pleurotus tuber-regium is cut with a knife and becomes to be cut into 0.8cm;
The f tissue culture: in inoculating hood, the bacterium piece of making is sent in the slant medium with transfer needle, filled in tampon, wrapping brown paper places 26-30 ℃ of cultivation, promptly obtains the sturdy Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification of mycelia.
(3), be used to cultivate the solid culture medium of Pleurotus tuber-regium, its formulation weight is: 53 kilograms of cotton seed hulls, 20 kilograms of wood chips, 20 kilograms in wheat bran, 5 kilograms on husk, 1 kilogram in calcium carbonate, 1 kilogram in lime;
(4), the Pleurotus tuber-regium cultivation method, comprise following several step:
G prepares solid culture medium, and its formulation weight is: 53 kilograms of cotton seed hulls, 20 kilograms of wood chips, 20 kilograms in wheat bran, 5 kilograms on husk, 1 kilogram in calcium carbonate, 1 kilogram in lime;
The making of h cultivation bag; Sterilization; Inoculation; And cultivation or bacteria: with the polypropylene plastic sack of about 15 * 30cm, the step of packing into G solid culture medium is after conventional sterilization; Cool off subsequent use; In the aseptic inoculation case, bag is planted in each training then and connect above-mentioned acquisition Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification, move to then in the culturing room, bacterium bag temperature is controlled at 26-30 ℃ of cultivation.
The i place is selected: select dried up source near, loosing soil is fertile, and the good vacant lot of irrigation and drainage is the fruiting place;
The processing of j earthing: by wide 1.0-1.3m, dark 0.08-0.12m digs shallow ridges with the furrow face, will loosen the soil to collect and carry out composting expelling parasite and sterilization; After converting the dilution of 30-50kg water with 1-1.5kg lime, admixes in every cubic metre of soil; The lid film was opened film after vexed 3-5 days, and the scarifying mound is subsequent use; Groove face spray concentration is that 1-1.5% limewash carries out expelling parasite and sterilization, and is subsequent use as the mushroom bed;
K opens bag with the bacterium bag that covers with mycelia in the H step; Earlier the furrow face being used concentration is that 1-1.5% limewash waters; Then the bacterium bag is fitly lain on the furrow face; Bag and bag spacing 2-5cm; The soil that disinfects above inserting, earthing 2-5cm again on the top waters permeable; Again with the shading of preserving moisture of the thick straw in a small amount of 1.5 cm left and right sides, just can above.
The l management of producing mushroom: spray water 1-2 times early stage every day, keeps soil moisture in layer about 70-80%, and add a cover film and carry out heat and moisture preserving, original hase appearred in 7-10 days and after, take film off, strengthen water spray, keep relative air humidity about 90%; Can carry out the 1st damp massee fruiting bodies in 5-7 days at warp gathers; After the 1st damp mushroom was gathered, arrangement furrow face stopped water spray, adds forced ventilation, and bacteria 5 days strengthens water spray, just can carry out inducing of the 2nd damp mushroom, and management method is the same; 3-4 tides of gathering jointly are about 50 days picking time; Biological transformation ratio is generally 80-120%.
Cool canopy can be built in above place, and the building method of cool canopy is: simple and easy mushroom canopy can be built by general peasant household, and concrete grammar is to build about a high 2m cool canopy of loam cake straw, cogongrass or China fir branches and leaves etc., cool canopy sunshade degree about 80% with wood, bamboo.The furrow of being wide 0.8-1.2m in the canopy are subsequent use as the fruiting bed, stay the pavement of 40cm between furrow.
Permanent mushroom canopy is built: during large-scale production, can build the plastics of permanence or the dome mushroom canopy of steel skeleton structure, it is the sunshade net of 90%-95% that sun shading material adopts light transmittance.
Claims (8)
1. the soil covering culture method of a Pleurotus tuber-regium is characterized in that comprising following several step:
A, place are selected: select dried up source near, loosing soil is fertile, and the good vacant lot of irrigation and drainage is the fruiting place; The place is chosen as ground open-air or on the scene and builds cool canopy;
The processing of B, earthing: by wide 1.0-1.3m, dark 0.08-0.12m digs shallow ridges with the furrow face, will loosen the soil to collect and carry out composting expelling parasite and sterilization; After converting the dilution of 30-50kg water with 1-1.5kg lime, admixes in every cubic metre of soil; The lid film was opened film after vexed 3-5 days, and the scarifying mound is subsequent use; Groove face spray mass concentration is that 1-1.5% limewash carries out expelling parasite and sterilization, and is subsequent use as the mushroom bed;
C, the bacterium bag that will cover with mycelia are opened bag, and earlier the furrow face being used mass concentration is that 1-1.5% limewash waters, and then the bacterium bag is fitly lain on the furrow face; Bag and bag spacing 2-5cm; Insert the soil after the above-mentioned earthing of 2-5cm is handled, water permeablely, use the shading of preserving moisture of the thick straw of 1-2 cm above again;
D, management of producing mushroom: spray water 1-2 times early stage every day, keeps soil moisture in layer 70-80%, and add a cover film and carry out heat and moisture preserving, original hase appearred in 7-10 days and after, take film off, strengthen water spray, keep relative air humidity 85-90%; Can carry out the 1st damp massee fruiting bodies in 5-7 days at warp gathers; After the 1st damp mushroom was gathered, arrangement furrow face stopped water spray, adds forced ventilation, and bacteria 5-10 days strengthens water spray, just can carry out inducing of the 2nd damp mushroom, and management method is the same; Gather 3-8 batches 40-80 days picking time jointly; Biological transformation ratio is 80-120%.
2. a slant medium of producing the Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification is characterized in that being made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 35-40 parts of corn starchs, 15-25 parts in wheat bran, 8-12 parts of sucrose, 8-12 parts of glucose, 1.8-2.2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 0.9-1.1 parts in magnesium sulfate, 5-7 parts of dusty yeasts, VB
10.008 800-1200 parts in-0.012 part, 16-20 parts in agar and water.
3. a kind of slant medium of producing the Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification according to claim 2 is characterized in that being made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 40 parts of corn starchs, 20 parts in wheat bran, 10 parts of sucrose, 10 parts of glucose, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 1 part in magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of dusty yeasts, VB
10.01 part, 1000 parts in 18 parts in agar and water.
4. a solid culture medium of cultivating the Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification is characterized in that being made up of the raw material of following weight portion: cotton seed hull 50-60 part, 15-25 parts of wood chips, 15-25 parts in wheat bran, husk 5-10 part, calcium carbonate 1-2 part, lime 1-2 part.
5. the solid culture medium of cultivation Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification according to claim 4 is characterized in that being made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 53 parts of cotton seed hulls, 20 parts of wood chips, 20 parts in wheat bran, 5 parts on husk, 1 part in calcium carbonate, 1 part in lime.
6. adopt the described a kind of preparation method of producing the Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification of producing the slant medium of Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification of claim 2, it is characterized in that comprising following several step:
E, preparation slant medium, its component formulation weight part ratio is: 35-40 parts of corn starchs, 15-25 parts in wheat bran, 8-12 parts of sucrose, 8-12 parts of glucose, 1.8-2.2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 0.9-1.1 parts in magnesium sulfate, 5-7 parts of dusty yeasts, VB
10.008 800-1200 parts in-0.012 part, 16-20 parts in agar and water;
The sterilization of F, slant medium with the liquid nutrient solution that step e obtains, is packed in vitro, seals with cotton, and wrapping brown paper, retort sterilization is 35-45 minutes in 1.1-1.3 atmospheric pressure high-pressure sterilizing pots, and row is cooling tiltedly, and it is subsequent use to be frozen into the inclined-plane;
J, choose female bacterium mushroom of planting: it is mellow and full to get entity, solid, and maturity is that the bright Pleurotus tuber-regium of 70% one 50-80 gram is wrapped for use;
H, the sterilization of female kind bacterium mushroom: the bright Pleurotus tuber-regium of one 50-80 gram for use is put into inoculating hood; Fumigate processing; Stifling being treated to: 3-5 is restrained potassium permanganate put into a glassware, pour 8-10 milliliter formaldehyde again into, fumigate and carry out next step operation after 25-35 minutes again;
I, make bacterium mushroom tissue: the square shape bacterium mushroom tissue that Pleurotus tuber-regium is cut with a knife and becomes to be cut into 0.5-1cm;
J, tissue culture: in inoculating hood, the bacterium piece of making is sent in the slant medium with transfer needle, filled in tampon, wrapping brown paper places in 26-30 ℃ the environment, when mycelia is sturdy, promptly obtains the Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification.
7. adopt the described a kind of cultivation of cultivating the solid culture medium of Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification of claim 4 to cultivate the cultivation cultivation method of Pleurotus tuber-regium, it is characterized in that comprising following several step:
K, preparation solid culture medium, its formulation weight part is: cotton seed hull 50-60 part, 15-25 parts of wood chips, 15-25 parts in wheat bran, husk 5-10 part, calcium carbonate 1-2 part, lime 1-2 part;
The making of L, cultivation bag; Sterilization; Inoculation; And cultivation or bacteria: with the polypropylene plastic sack of 14-16cm * 28-32cm, the solid culture medium of the step K of packing into is after conventional sterilization; Cool off subsequent use; In the aseptic inoculation case, each cultivation bag connected then and obtain the Pleurotus tuber-regium bacterial classification in the described J step, move to then in the culturing room, bacterium bag temperature is controlled under 26-30 ℃ the temperature and cultivates.
8. the cultivation method of a kind of Pleurotus tuber-regium according to claim 1 is characterized in that the bacterium bag that will cover with mycelia in the described C step is opened bag, and the bacterium bag that covers with mycelia is the bacterium bag of cultivating in the L step that covers with mycelia.
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