CN102292139B - 用于除去酸性气体的包含氨基酸和酸性促进剂的吸收剂 - Google Patents
用于除去酸性气体的包含氨基酸和酸性促进剂的吸收剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102292139B CN102292139B CN201080005439.3A CN201080005439A CN102292139B CN 102292139 B CN102292139 B CN 102292139B CN 201080005439 A CN201080005439 A CN 201080005439A CN 102292139 B CN102292139 B CN 102292139B
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- acid
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- amino
- carboxylic acid
- amino carboxylic
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title abstract description 40
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 27
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 title description 6
- -1 amino acid salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FFDGPVCHZBVARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylglycine Chemical compound CN(C)CC(O)=O FFDGPVCHZBVARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GDFAOVXKHJXLEI-VKHMYHEASA-N N-methyl-L-alanine Chemical compound C[NH2+][C@@H](C)C([O-])=O GDFAOVXKHJXLEI-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 108700003601 dimethylglycine Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
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- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 18
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 description 3
- CCVYRRGZDBSHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1O CCVYRRGZDBSHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JPIGSMKDJQPHJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CC(O)OCCN JPIGSMKDJQPHJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAEPDDGDPAPPHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminobutylphosphonic acid Chemical class CCCC(N)P(O)(O)=O UAEPDDGDPAPPHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940058020 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JCBPETKZIGVZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminobutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(N)CO JCBPETKZIGVZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NVAGWCCQNNOKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-aminohexylphosphonic acid Chemical class NCCCCCCP(O)(O)=O NVAGWCCQNNOKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBXIFYZJANOSEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-aminooctylphosphonic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCP(O)(O)=O HBXIFYZJANOSEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJKRXEBLWJVYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N'-diethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CCNCCNCC CJKRXEBLWJVYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMMKKNKMHUQJAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Me-2-Aminoethylphosphonic acid Natural products CNCCP(O)(O)=O KMMKKNKMHUQJAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
一种用于从流体料流中除去酸性气体的吸收剂，其包含a)至少一种氨基羧酸的金属盐和b)至少一种酸性促进剂的水溶液，其中b)与a)的摩尔比为0.0005-1.0。酸性促进剂选自无机酸、羧酸、磺酸、有机膦酸及其偏酯。与基于氨基酸的吸收剂相比，该吸收剂显示出降低的再生能量需求而不显著降低溶液对酸性气体的吸收容量。在从流体料流中除去酸性气体的方法中，使流体料流与吸收剂接触。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于从流体料流中除去酸性气体的吸收介质和方法。
出于不同的原因，从流体料流如天然气、炼油厂气、合成气中除去酸性气体如CO2、H2S、SO2、CS2、HCN、COS或硫醇是重要的。由于硫化物在天然气通常携带的水中形成腐蚀性的酸，所以必须通过合适的处理措施直接在天然气源降低天然气的硫化合物含量。因此，为了在管道中运输天然气，必须符合预定的含硫杂质的极限值。为了设置预定的热值，通常需要降低二氧化碳的含量。
为除去酸性气体，使用用无机或有机碱的水溶液洗涤。当酸性气体溶于吸收介质中时，与碱形成离子。吸收介质可通过膨胀至较低的压力和/或通过汽提而再生，其中离子类物质反过来反应形成酸性气体和/或通过蒸汽汽提。在再生过程以后，吸收介质可再使用。
氨基酸盐在吸收介质中的使用是本身已知的。GB 1 543 748描述了一种使用N-二烷基α-氨基单羧酸如二甲基甘氨酸的碱金属盐的水溶液从裂化气中除去CO2和H2S的方法。
US-A 4,094,957公开了使用吸收溶液从气流中除去CO2，其中所述吸收溶液包含碱性碱金属盐、位阻胺和氨基酸如N，N-二甲基甘氨酸。
EP-A 671 200描述了在大气压力下使用氨基酸金属盐和哌嗪的水溶液从燃烧气体中除去CO2。
EP-A 134 948公开了碱性吸收介质，其吸收性能通过加入具有低pKa的酸而改善。
氨基酸具有对于H2S和CO2的高吸收能；因此，要使用的再生能也高。基于氨基酸盐的吸收介质因此被再生能较低的胺如二乙醇胺或甲基二乙醇胺替代。
本发明的目的是描述一种用于从流体料流中除去酸性气体的方法和吸收介质，与基于氨基酸盐的吸收介质相比，所述吸收介质显示出降低的再生能需求而不显著降低溶液对酸性气体的吸收容量。
该目的通过一种用于从流体料流中除去酸性气体的吸收介质实现，所述吸收介质包含如下组分的水溶液：
a)至少一种氨基羧酸的金属盐，和
b)至少一种酸促进剂，
其中b)与a)的摩尔比为0.0005-1.0，优选0.01-0.1，特别地0.02-0.09。
氨基羧酸盐的溶液具有作为吸收介质的有利特性：(i)氨基羧酸的盐基本不具有蒸气压力，因此，与胺相反，不是挥发性的；(ii)烃共吸收在氨基羧酸盐溶液中比在胺溶液中低；(iii)氨基羧酸盐对氧气分解更具耐受性；(iv)酸性气体容量，特别是在低酸性气体分压下，比已知胺更高。
在下表中，对于不同的胺或氨基酸盐，描述了硫化氢和二氧化碳的吸收能：
| 吸收热 | H2S(kJ/m3) | CO2(kJ/m3) |
| N，N-二甲基甘氨酸，钾盐(35％) | 1520 | 2474 |
| N-甲基丙氨酸，钾盐(35％) | 1625 | 2985 |
| 单乙醇胺(15％) | 1500 | 1902 |
| 二乙醇胺(30％) | 1140 | 1510 |
| 二异丙醇胺(40％) | 1230 | 1750 |
| 甲基二乙醇胺(50％) | 1045 | 1340 |
氨基酸盐具有比常规胺更高的吸收能。在吸收介质的再生中，必须再次施加吸收能以将结合的酸性气体解吸。即，用于氨基酸盐的再生能高于胺。对于解吸塔中给定的能量输入，例如使用甲基二乙醇胺，实现显著更低的酸性气体残余负载，这导致离开吸收器的处理流体中更低的酸性气体残余浓度。
现在已发现通过加入酸促进剂，可显著降低要用于氨基羧酸盐溶液的再生能。
由于氨基羧酸盐溶液的较强碱性和金属阳离子的存在，吸收的酸性气体可反应形成双电荷类物质，其在下文中通过H2S吸收(AA＝氨基酸；M+＝金属阳离子)的实例阐述。推测酸促进剂的作用基于等式(2)的平衡从难以再生的硫化物离子(S2-)移至更容易再生的硫化氢离子(HS-)。
酸促进剂以合适的方式选自pKa小于6，特别是小于5的质子酸(酸)，或其非季铵盐。在具有多个离解阶段和因此多个pKa的酸的情况下，当一个pKa在所述范围内时满足该要求。
在优选实施方案中，酸促进剂包括多元酸。
通常，酸促进剂选自无机酸、羧酸、磺酸、有机膦酸及其偏酯。
合适的酸促进剂例如为：
无机酸，例如盐酸、硫酸、酰胺基硫酸、磷酸、磷酸偏酯如磷酸单-和二烷基-和-芳基酯，例如磷酸十三烷基酯、磷酸二丁酯、磷酸二苯酯和磷酸双-(2-乙基己基)酯；硼酸；
羧酸，例如饱和脂族单羧酸如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸、新戊酸、己酸、正庚酸、辛酸、2-乙基己酸、壬酸、新癸酸、十一烷酸、月桂酸、十三烷酸、肉豆蔻酸、十五烷酸、棕榈酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、异硬脂酸、花生酸、山萮酸；饱和脂族多羧酸如草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二酸；脂环族单-和多羧酸如环己烷羧酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、树脂酸、环烷酸；脂族羟基羧酸如羟基乙酸、乳酸、扁桃酸、羟基丁酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸；卤化脂族羧酸如三氯乙酸或2-氯丙酸；芳族单-和多羧酸如苯甲酸、水杨酸、没食子酸、位置异构甲苯酸、甲氧基苯甲酸、氯苯甲酸、硝基苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸；工业羧酸混合物如支链烷烃羧酸(versatic acid)；
磺酸，例如甲基磺酸、丁基磺酸、3-羟丙基磺酸、磺基乙酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、对二甲苯磺酸、4-十二烷基苯磺酸、1-萘磺酸、二壬基萘磺酸和二壬基萘二磺酸、三氟甲基-或九氟-正丁基磺酸、樟脑磺酸；
有机膦酸，例如式I膦酸：
R-PO3H(I)
其中R为任选被至多4个独立地选自羧基、羧酰胺基、羟基和氨基的取代基取代的C1-C18烷基。
这些可包括烷基膦酸，例如甲基膦酸、丙基膦酸、2-甲基丙基膦酸、叔丁基膦酸、正丁基膦酸、2，3-二甲基丁基膦酸、辛基膦酸；羟烷基膦酸如羟甲基膦酸、1-羟乙基膦酸、2-羟乙基膦酸；芳基膦酸如苯基膦酸、甲苯基膦酸、二甲苯基膦酸，氨基烷基膦酸如氨基甲基膦酸、1-氨基乙基膦酸、1-二甲基氨基乙基膦酸、2-氨基乙基膦酸、2-(N-甲基氨基)乙基膦酸、3-氨基丙基膦酸、2-氨基丙基膦酸、1-氨基丙基膦酸、1-氨基丙基-2-氯丙基膦酸、2-氨基丁基膦酸、3-氨基丁基膦酸、1-氨基丁基膦酸、4-氨基丁基膦酸、2-氨基戊基膦酸、5-氨基戊基膦酸、2-氨基己基膦酸、5-氨基己基膦酸、2-氨基辛基膦酸、1-氨基辛基膦酸、1-氨基丁基膦酸；酰胺基烷基膦酸如3-羟基甲基氨基-3-氧代丙基膦酸；和膦酰基羧酸如2-羟基膦酰基乙酸和2-膦酰基丁烷-1，2，4-三酸。
式II膦酸：
其中R为H或C1-6烷基，Q为H、OH或NY2且Y为H或CH2PO3H2，
例如1-羟基乙烷-1，1-二膦酸；
式III膦酸：
其中Z为C2-6亚烷基、亚环烷基、亚苯基，或被亚环烷基或亚苯基间隔的C2-6亚烷基，Y为CH2PO3H2且m为0-4，例如亚乙基二胺四(亚甲基膦酸)、二亚乙基三胺五(亚甲基膦酸)和双(六亚甲基)三胺五(亚甲基膦酸)；
式IV膦酸：
R-NY2(IV)
其中R为C1-6烷基、C2-6-羟基烷基或Y，且Y为CH2PO3H2，例如次氮基-三(亚甲基膦酸)和2-羟乙基亚氨基双(亚甲基膦酸)。
膦酸包括2-羟基膦酰基乙酸、2-膦酰基丁烷-1，2，4-三羧酸、1-羟基乙烷-1，1-二膦酸、乙二胺四(亚甲基膦酸)、二亚乙基三胺五(亚甲基膦酸)、双(六亚甲基)三胺五(亚甲基膦酸)和次氮基三(亚甲基膦酸)，其中特别优选1-羟基乙烷-1，1-二膦酸。
将酸促进剂优选以游离酸的形式加入氨基羧酸盐的溶液中。
作为选择，酸促进剂可以以非季铵盐的形式，即作为铵盐(NH4 +盐)或伯、仲或叔铵离子的盐使用。在吸收介质的再生条件下，游离酸可从非季铵盐中释放出来。合适的铵盐为伯、仲或叔烷基胺和/或链烷醇胺的质子化类物质。链烷醇胺包含至少一个可被至少一个羟基烷基，特别是C2-C3羟基烷基，通常为2-羟乙基或3-羟丙基取代的氮原子。合适的链烷醇胺例如选自单乙醇胺(MEA)、二乙醇胺(DEA)、二异丙醇胺、三乙醇胺(TEA)、二乙基乙醇胺(DEEA)、氨基乙氧基乙醇(AEE)、二甲基氨基丙醇(DIMAP)和甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)、甲基二异丙醇胺(MDIPA)、甲基二异丙醇胺(MDIPA)、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)、2-氨基-1-丁醇(2-AB)或其混合物。
氨基羧酸优选选自α-氨基酸、β-氨基酸、γ-氨基酸、δ-氨基酸、ε-氨基酸和ζ-氨基酸。
合适的氨基羧酸例如为：
α-氨基酸，例如甘氨酸(氨基乙酸)、N-甲基甘氨酸(N-甲基氨基乙酸，肌氨酸)、N，N-二甲基甘氨酸(二甲基氨基乙酸)、N-乙基甘氨酸、N，N-二乙基甘氨酸、丙氨酸(2-氨基丙酸)、N-甲基丙氨酸(2-(甲基氨基)丙酸)、N，N-二甲基丙氨酸、N-乙基丙氨酸、2-甲基丙氨酸(2-氨基异丁酸)、白氨酸(2-氨基-4-甲基戊-1-酸)、N-甲基白氨酸、N，N-二甲基白氨酸、异白氨酸(1-氨基-2-甲基戊酸)、N-甲基异白氨酸、N，N-二甲基异白氨酸、缬氨酸(2-氨基异戊酸)、α-甲基缬氨酸(2-氨基-2-甲基异戊酸)、N-甲基缬氨酸(2-甲基氨基异戊酸)、N，N-二甲基缬氨酸、脯氨酸(吡咯烷-2-甲酸)、N-甲基脯氨酸、丝氨酸(2-氨基-3-羟基丙-1-酸)、N-甲基丝氨酸、N，N-二甲基丝氨酸、2-(甲基氨基)异丁酸、哌啶-2-甲酸、N-甲基哌啶-2-甲酸，
β-氨基酸，例如3-氨基丙酸(β-丙氨酸)、3-甲基氨基丙酸、3-二甲基氨基丙酸、亚氨基二丙酸、N-甲基亚氨基二丙酸、哌啶-3-甲酸、N-甲基哌啶-3-甲酸，
γ-氨基酸，例如4-氨基丁酸、4-甲基氨基丁酸、4-二甲基氨基丁酸，
或氨基羧酸，例如哌啶-4-甲酸、N-甲基哌啶-4-甲酸。
特别合适的氨基羧酸为N-单-C1-C4烷基氨基羧酸和N，N-二-C1-C4烷基氨基羧酸，特别是N-单-C1-C4烷基-α-氨基羧酸和N，N-二-C1-C4烷基-α-氨基羧酸。
金属盐通常为碱金属或碱土金属盐，优选碱金属盐，例如钠或钾盐，其中钾盐是最优选的。
优选的氨基羧酸金属盐为通式V的那些：
其中R1、R2和R3相互独立地为H或C1-C3烷基，M为Na或K，且n为0-5的整数。
特别优选的氨基羧酸金属盐为二甲基甘氨酸或N-甲基丙氨酸的钾盐。
通常，水溶液包含2-5kmol/m3，特别是3.5-4.5kmol/m3的氨基羧酸金属盐。
吸收介质还可包含添加剂，例如腐蚀抑制剂、酶等。通常这种添加剂的量为吸收介质的约0.01-3重量％。
本发明另外涉及一种从流体料流中除去酸性气体的方法，在所述方法中使流体料流与以上定义的吸收介质接触。
通常，负载的吸收介质通过：
a)加热，
b)膨胀，
c)用惰性流体汽提
或通过两种或所有这些措施的组合而再生。
本发明方法或吸收介质适于处理流体，特别是所有类型的气流。酸性气体特别是CO2、H2S、COS和硫醇。另外，也可除去SO3、SO2、CS2和HCN。包含酸性气体的流体首先是气体，例如天然气、合成气、炼焦炉气体、裂化气、煤气化气体、循环气体、填埋气体和燃烧气体，其次为与吸收介质基本不溶混的液体，例如例如LPG(液化石油气)或NGL(气体汽油)。本发明方法或吸收介质特别适于处理含烃流体料流。存在的烃例如为脂族烃，例如C1-C4烃如甲烷，不饱和烃如乙烯或丙烯，或芳族烃如苯、甲苯或二甲苯。本发明方法或吸收介质特别适于除去CO2和H2S。
在优选的实施方案中，流体料流为：
(i)包含氢气的流体料流或包含氢气和二氧化碳的流体料流；这些包括可例如通过煤气化或蒸汽重整而制备并任选经受水煤气变换反应的合成气；
该合成气例如用于制备氨、甲醇、甲醛、乙酸、脲，用于费托合成或用于在整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)方法中发电，
(ii)包含烃的流体料流；除天然气外，这些还包括各自精炼过程如尾气装置(TGU)、减粘裂化炉(VDU)、催化裂解炉(LRCUU/FCC)、加氢裂化器(HCU)、加氢处理器(HDS/HTU)、炼焦器(DCU)、常压蒸馏(CDU)或液体处理器(例如LPG)的废气
本发明方法适于与CO2相比选择性除去硫化氢。“选择性除去硫化氢”意指满足以下不等式：
其中c(H2S)feed为进料流体中的H2S浓度，c(H2S)treat为处理流体中的浓度，c(CO2)feed为进料流体中的CO2浓度，c(CO2)treat为处理流体中的CO2浓度。
例如a)当已实现吸收介质的最大酸性气体总负荷容量时，对于保持预定的H2S规格，和b)对于设置在吸收介质再生中释放且通常在Claus装置中运行的酸性气流中较高的H2S/CO2比，选择性除去H2S是有利的。具有较高H2S/CO2比的酸性气流具有较高的热值并抑制削弱Claus催化剂使用寿命的COS的形成(由CO2)。
在本发明方法中，在吸收步骤中使富含酸性气体组分的进料流体(原料气)与吸收介质在吸收器中接触，因此，酸性气体组分至少部分被洗去。
充当吸收器的装置优选为常规涤气方法中使用的洗涤装置。合适的洗涤装置例如为堆积床填料塔(dumped-bed packed column)、规整填料塔(arranged-packing column)和板式塔、膜接触器、径流式洗涤器(radial flowscrubber)、喷射洗涤器、文丘里洗涤器和旋转式喷雾洗涤器，优选规整填料塔、堆积床填料塔和板式塔，特别优选板式塔和堆积床填料塔。在这种情况下优选将流体料流在塔中用吸收介质逆流处理。在这种情况下，通常将流体供入塔的下部区域并将吸收介质供入上部区域。在板式塔中，装入筛板、泡罩塔板或浮阀塔板，液体在其上流过。堆积床填料塔可填充有不同成型体。热交换和质量传递通过表面积的扩大而改善，这归因于尺寸通常为约25-80mm的成型体。已知的实例为腊希环(空心圆筒)、鲍尔环、高流环(Hiflow ring)、英特洛克斯鞍形填料等。可将填料以有序方式或随意地(作为床)引入塔中。考虑的材料为玻璃、陶瓷、金属和塑料。结构填料为有序填料的进一步发展。它们具有规则形状的结构。因此，在规整填料的情况下可降低气流中的压降。存在多种设计的规整填料，例如织物或板金属规整填料。可使用的材料为金属、塑料、玻璃和陶瓷。
在吸收步骤中，吸收介质的温度通常为约30-100℃，当使用塔时，例如在塔顶部为30-70℃，在塔底部为50-100℃。吸收步骤中的总压力通常为约1-120巴，优选约10-100巴。
得到酸性气体组分含量低，即贫含这些组分的产物气体(清洁气体)，和负载有酸性气体组分的吸收介质。本发明方法可包括一个或多个，特别是两个连续的吸收步骤。吸收可在多个连续子步骤中进行，其中，在各个子步骤中使包含酸性气体组分的原料气每种情况下与吸收介质的一个子流接触。原料气接触的吸收介质可以为已部分负载有酸性气体的，即它可例如为从随后的吸收步骤再循环至第一吸收步骤的吸收介质，或部分再生的吸收介质。关于进行两阶段吸收，参考出版物EP-A 0 159 495、EP-A 0 20190 434、EP-A 0 359 991和WO 00100271。
根据一个优选实施方案，本发明方法以这样的方式进行：首先将包含酸性气体的流体在第一吸收步骤中在40-100℃，优选50-90℃，特别是60-90℃的温度下用吸收介质处理。然后将贫含酸性气体的流体在第二吸收步骤中在30-90℃，优选40-80℃，特别是50-80℃的温度下用吸收介质处理。在这种情况下，温度比第一吸收阶段低5-20℃。
酸性气体组分可以在再生步骤中以常规方式(类似于下文所述出版物)从负载有酸性气体组分的吸收介质中释放出来，其中得到再生的吸收介质。在再生步骤中，吸收介质的负载降低，所得再生吸收介质优选随后再循环至吸收步骤。
通常，再生步骤包括至少一个负载吸收介质从高压(例如在进行吸收步骤时经常发生)至较低压力的压力膨胀。该压力膨胀可例如使用节流阀和/或膨胀涡轮实现。具有膨胀阶段的再生例如描述于出版物US 4,537,753和US 4,553,984中。
酸性气体组分可在再生步骤中，例如在膨胀塔中如在具有内件的立式或卧式闪蒸容器或逆流塔中释放。
再生塔也可以为堆积床填料塔、规整填料塔或板式塔。再生塔在底部具有加热器，例如具有循环泵的强制循环蒸发器。在顶部，再生塔具有用于所释放的酸性气体的出口。所携带的吸收介质蒸气在冷凝器中冷凝并再循环至该塔。
多个膨胀塔可串联连接，其中再生在不同的压力下进行。例如，再生可在预膨胀塔中在吸收步骤中酸性气体组分的分压以上约1.5巴的高压下，在主膨胀塔中在低压如1-2绝对巴下进行。使用两个或更多个膨胀阶段再生描述于出版物US 4,537,753、US 4,553,984、EP-A 0 159 495、EP-A 0 202600、EP-A 0 190 434和EP-A 0 121 109中。
DE 100 28 637描述了一种具有两个低压膨胀阶段(1-2绝对巴)的工艺方案，其中将在第一低压膨胀阶段中部分再生的吸收液体加热且在第一低压膨胀阶段上游任选提供中压膨胀阶段，其中在中压膨胀阶段中膨胀进行至至少3巴。在该方法中，负载的吸收液体首先在第一低压膨胀阶段中膨胀至1-2巴(绝对)的压力。随后，将部分再生的吸收液体在换热器中加热并在第二低压膨胀阶段中再次膨胀至1-2巴(绝对)的压力。
最后的膨胀阶段也可在真空下进行，该真空例如通过蒸汽喷射任选与机械真空生成设备组合产生，如描述于EP-A 0 159 495、EP-A 0 202 600、EP-A 0 190 434和EP-A 0 121 109(US 4,551,158)中。
由于含量与胺组分的最佳匹配，本发明吸收介质具有负载酸性气体的高能力，其也可容易地再次解吸。因此，在本发明方法中，能量消耗和溶剂循环显著降低。
在下文中参考附图和实施例更详细地阐述本发明。
图1为适于进行本发明方法的系统的示意图。
根据图1，经由进料管1使适当预热的包含酸性气体的气体在吸收器2中与经由吸收介质管线3供入的再生吸收介质逆流接触。吸收介质通过吸收从气体中除去酸性气体；在该过程中，经由废气管线4得到酸性气体含量低的清洁气体。
经由吸收介质管线5、泵12、溶剂-溶剂换热器11(其中用离开解吸塔7底部的再生吸收介质的热将负载有酸性气体的吸收介质加热)，和节流阀6，将负载有酸性气体的吸收介质供入解吸塔7中。在解吸塔7的下部，负载的吸收介质通过加热器(未显示)加热并再生。所得释放的酸性气体经由废气管线8离开解吸塔7。再生的吸收介质随后通过泵9经由溶剂-溶剂换热器11和吸收器2的换热器10再循环，在所述溶剂-溶剂换热器11中，再生的吸收介质将负载有酸性气体的吸收介质加热并在过程中自冷却。
实施例
制备N，N-二甲基甘氨酸，钾盐的39重量％浓度的溶液。将200ml等分与1重量％磷酸(H2PO4)或2重量％1-羟基乙烷-1，1-二膦酸(HEDP)混合。另一等分用作对照。
将三种溶液在50℃下在大气压力下负载H2S至平衡。H2S平衡负载通过相对于硝酸银电位滴定而测定。
随后，为模拟再生过程，在具有附加回流冷却器的锥形瓶(Erlenmeyerflask)中在油浴中使溶液在恒定100℃下沸腾。在该过程中，每种情况下10Nl/h氮气通过液体起泡以改善气相与液相之间的交换和经由冷却器除去释放的H2S。
在指定时间间隔以后，每种情况下取出20ml试样，再次通过相对于硝酸银电位滴定而测定H2S含量。结果汇总于下表中。
| 实施例 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 促进剂 | 无 | H3PO4 | HEDP |
| 在50℃下的H2S平衡负载[Nm3]H2S/t | 54.41 | 50.83 | 57.17 |
| 在以下时间以后基于起始值的H2S负载[％] | |||
| 0min | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| 15min | 50.0 | 51.1 | 58.3 |
| 45min | 33.7 | 32.5 | 27.1 |
| 105min | 21.7 | 21.0 | 13.7 |
| 225min | 14.5 | 10.9 | 3.6 |
| 405min | 6.6 | 3.5 | 0.4 |
由实验结果获悉再生至预定的残余负载(例如小于10％)在实施例2和3(具有酸促进剂)中比在对比例1中更快地实现。由于在所选择的实验装置中，能量输入与恒定的热料流的产量和时间成比例，在实施例2和3中所需的再生能更小。
Claims (18)
1.一种用于从流体料流中除去酸性气体的吸收介质，其包含如下组分的水溶液：
a)至少一种氨基羧酸的金属盐，和
b)至少一种酸促进剂，其选自有机膦酸及其偏酯，
其中b)与a)的摩尔比为0.0005-1.0。
2.根据权利要求1的吸收介质，其中所述酸促进剂选自pKa小于6的质子酸或其非季铵盐。
3.根据权利要求1的吸收介质，其中所述酸促进剂包括多元酸。
4.根据权利要求2的吸收介质，其中所述酸促进剂包括多元酸。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项的吸收介质，其中所述酸促进剂包括1-羟基乙烷-1,1-二膦酸。
6.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的吸收介质，其中氨基羧酸选自α-氨基酸、β-氨基酸、γ-氨基酸、δ-氨基酸、ε-氨基酸和ζ-氨基酸。
7.根据权利要求5的吸收介质，其中氨基羧酸选自α-氨基酸、β-氨基酸、γ-氨基酸、δ-氨基酸、ε-氨基酸和ζ-氨基酸。
8.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的吸收介质，其中氨基羧酸为N-单-C1-C4烷基氨基羧酸或N,N-二-C1-C4烷基氨基羧酸。
9.根据权利要求7的吸收介质，其中氨基羧酸为N-单-C1-C4烷基氨基羧酸或N,N-二-C1-C4烷基氨基羧酸。
10.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的吸收介质，其中氨基羧酸的金属盐为二甲基甘氨酸或N-甲基丙氨酸的钾盐。
11.根据权利要求9的吸收介质，其中氨基羧酸的金属盐为二甲基甘氨酸或N-甲基丙氨酸的钾盐。
12.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的吸收介质，其中水溶液包含2-5kmol/m3的氨基羧酸金属盐。
13.根据权利要求11的吸收介质，其中水溶液包含2-5kmol/m3的氨基羧酸金属盐。
14.一种从流体料流中除去酸性气体的方法，在所述方法中使流体料流与根据前述权利要求中任一项的吸收介质接触。
15.根据权利要求14的方法，其用于选择性除去硫化氢。
16.根据权利要求14的方法，其中流体料流包括烃。
17.根据权利要求15的方法，其中流体料流包括烃。
18.根据权利要求14-17中任一项的方法，其中负载的吸收介质通过：
a)加热，
b)膨胀，
c)用惰性流体汽提
或通过两种或所有这些措施的组合而再生。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2011135611A (ru) | 2013-03-10 |
| EP2391437B1 (de) | 2013-08-28 |
| US20100186590A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
| RU2531197C2 (ru) | 2014-10-20 |
| ES2428236T3 (es) | 2013-11-06 |
| UA106881C2 (uk) | 2014-10-27 |
| CN102292139A (zh) | 2011-12-21 |
| EP2391437A1 (de) | 2011-12-07 |
| US8269037B2 (en) | 2012-09-18 |
| CA2750458C (en) | 2017-10-24 |
| WO2010086334A1 (de) | 2010-08-05 |
| CA2750458A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
| PL2391437T3 (pl) | 2014-01-31 |
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