CN106604771B - 用于气体洗涤的具有叔烷基氨基和伯氨基的二胺 - Google Patents
用于气体洗涤的具有叔烷基氨基和伯氨基的二胺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本发明涉及具体的二胺化合物、包含这些化合物的吸收剂、这些吸收剂用于从流体流除去二氧化碳和/或硫化氢的用途以及用于从流体流除去二氧化碳和/或硫化氢的方法。
出于各种原因,从流体流(诸如天然气、炼油厂气或合成气)除去酸气体(例如CO2、H2S、SO2、CS2、HCN、COS或硫醇)是重要的。CO2与在流体流中通常夹带的水结合,可形成酸,酸导致管道和阀腐蚀。在其它物质中,必须将二氧化碳从天然气中除去,至气体的热值不会降落低于期望值的程度。为了在天然气液化设备(LNG=液化的天然气)中进一步加工,与此相反,必须完全除去CO2。
必须通过合适的处理量器在天然气来源处直接降低在天然气中硫化合物的含量,这是由于硫化合物形成酸,酸在通常被天然气夹带的水中具有腐蚀作用。为了在管线中输送天然气或在天然气液化设备(LNG=液化的天然气)中进一步加工,因此必须观察对于含硫杂质的给定的限度。此外,众多硫化合物即使在低浓度下也具有恶臭和有毒。
通过使用无机或有机碱的含水溶液的洗涤操作,除去酸气体。当酸气体溶解于吸收剂中时,与碱形成离子。通过减压至较低的压力,和/或,在离子物料反向反应以形成酸气体和/或借助蒸汽被汽提出的情况下,吸收介质可再生。在再生过程之后,吸收剂可被再利用。
通过使用具有高CO2亲和力的吸收剂(诸如伯和仲链烷醇胺),实现高CO2吸收率。高CO2亲和力需要随着高放热而进行CO2吸收。然而,这种吸收剂因为吸收反应焓的量级高,在再生中通常也需要相对高的能耗。
比起对于CO2,高度空间位阻仲胺(诸如2-(2-叔丁基氨基乙氧基)乙醇)和叔胺(诸如甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA))对于H2S呈现动力学选择性。这些胺不与CO2直接反应;而是,CO2在缓慢反应中与胺和水反应,以得到碳酸氢盐,与此相反,H2S在含水胺溶液中立即反应。因此,这些胺尤其适用于从包含CO2和H2S的气体混合物选择性除去H2S。
空间未受阻伯胺或仲胺(例如哌嗪)作为促进剂通过中间形成氨基甲酸酯结构可加速叔胺的CO2吸收。在胺与二氧化碳的该直接反应中,吸收速率高,但是,另一方面,仅一个CO2分子可被两个胺分子吸收。例如,US 4,336,233公开了借助包含MDEA和哌嗪的含水吸收剂,从气体除去CO2和/或H2S的方法。与不具有促进剂的系统相比,使用哌嗪作为CO2促进剂能够使CO2吸收速率高许多倍。
US 2013/0243676描述了一种用于从具有吸收剂的气体混合物吸收H2S和CO2的方法,所述吸收剂包含高度空间位阻醚胺二缩三乙二醇或它们的衍生物和液体胺。
US 4,471,138显示,即使与其它胺(诸如甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA))组合,比起MDEA,高度空间位阻仲胺(诸如2-(2-叔丁基氨基乙氧基)乙醇(TBAEE))具有高得多的H2S选择性。称为高度空间位阻的胺为其中的氮原子与一个或多个广泛的基团键合并且具有大于1.75的累积立体参数(Taft常数)Es的那些。
本发明的一个目的是指定具有从流体流快速吸收二氧化碳的化合物,与基于仲胺和叔胺的吸收剂相比,所需的再生能量不会有任何显著提高。吸收剂应还适用于同时除去H2S和CO2,其中必须观察给定的H2S限度,但是不需要完全除去CO2。
通过通式(I)的化合物实现目的
其中R1、R2和R3各自独立地选自C1-4-烷基和C1-4-羟基烷基;每一个重复单元中的R4独立地选自氢、C1-4-烷基和C1-4-羟基烷基;每一个重复单元中的R5独立地选自氢、C1-4-烷基和C1-4-羟基烷基;m为2、3、4或5;n为2、3、4或5;和o为0-10的整数,尤其是1-10。优选,R1、R2和R3各自为甲基。R4优选为氢或甲基,尤其是氢。R5优选为氢或甲基,尤其是氢。在一种优选的实施方案中,与伯氨基直接键合的碳原子上的R4或R5基团为氢。优选,m为2、3或4,尤其是2或3,最优选2。优选,n为2、3或4,尤其是2或3,最优选2。优选,o为1、2或3。
合适的式(I)化合物为2-(2-叔丁基氨基乙氧基)乙基胺(TBAEEA)、2-(2-(2-叔丁基氨基乙氧基)乙氧基)乙基胺(TBAEEEA)、2-(叔丁基氨基)乙胺、2-(叔丁基氨基)丙胺、2-(叔丁基氨基)丁胺、2-(2-叔戊基氨基乙氧基)乙胺、2-(2-(1-甲基-1-乙基丙基氨基)乙氧基)乙胺、(2-(叔丁基氨基)乙基)甲基胺和它们的混合物。在一种特别优选的实施方案中,化合物为2-(2-叔丁基氨基乙氧基)乙基胺(TBAEEA)。
假定在通式(I)的化合物中的伯氨基作为促进剂通过中间形成氨基甲酸酯结构而加速CO2吸收。高度空间位阻仲氨基用作碱度储器,并且引起高循环能力。
本发明还涉及用于从流体流除去二氧化碳和/或硫化氢的吸收剂,所述吸收剂包含通式(I)的化合物。
本发明还涉及通式(I)的化合物用于从流体流除去二氧化碳和/或硫化氢的用途。
本发明还涉及一种用于从流体流除去二氧化碳和/或硫化氢的方法,其中使流体流与包含通式(I)的化合物的吸收剂接触。
吸收剂优选包含通式(I)的化合物的含水溶液。
在一种实施方案中,吸收剂包含至少一种有机溶剂。所述有机溶剂优选选自环丁砜、二醇诸如乙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、乙二醇二甲基醚、二缩三乙二醇、二缩三乙二醇二甲基醚、二-或单(C1-4-烷基醚)单乙二醇和二-或单(C1-4-烷基醚)聚乙二醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-甲基-3-吗啉、N-甲酰基吗啉、N-乙酰基吗啉、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基咪唑烷-2-酮、N-甲基咪唑和它们的混合物。
在无机酸中,优选磷酸和硫酸。
在羧酸中,优选甲酸、乙酸、苯甲酸、琥珀酸和己二酸。
在磺酸中,优选甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸和2-(4-(2-羟基乙基)-1-哌嗪基)乙磺酸(HEPES)。
在膦酸中,优选2-羟基膦酰基乙酸、2-膦酰基丁烷-1,2,4-三甲酸、1-羟基乙烷-1,1-二膦酸、乙二胺四(亚甲基膦酸)、二亚乙基三胺五(亚甲基膦酸)、双(六亚甲基)三胺五(亚甲基膦酸)(HDTMP)和次氮基三(亚甲基膦酸),其中特别优选1-羟基乙烷-1,1-二膦酸。
在其它实施方案中,吸收剂不含氨基羧酸、氨基磺酸和膦酸。
总的来说,在吸收剂中,通式(I)的化合物的浓度为10%-60重量%,优选20%-50重量%,更优选30%-50重量%。
除了通式(I)的化合物以外,吸收剂可包含至少一种叔胺和/或空间位阻伯胺或仲胺。
通式(I)的化合物与叔胺和/或空间位阻伯胺或仲胺的摩尔比优选在0.05-1.0范围,更优选在0.05-0.7范围。
"叔胺"理解为指具有至少一个叔氨基的化合物。优选叔胺排他地包含叔氨基,意味着与至少一个叔氨基并排,其不包含任何伯氨基或仲氨基。
合适的叔胺尤其是包括:
1.叔链烷醇胺,诸如
双(2-羟基乙基)甲基胺(甲基二乙醇胺,MDEA)、三(2-羟基乙基)胺(三乙醇胺,TEA)、三丁醇胺、2-二乙基氨基乙醇(二乙基乙醇胺、DEEA)、2-二甲基氨基乙醇(二甲基乙醇胺,DMEA)、3-二甲基氨基-1-丙醇(N,N-二甲基丙醇胺)、3-二乙基氨基-1-丙醇、2-二异丙基氨基乙醇(DIEA)、N,N-双(2-羟基丙基)甲基胺(甲基二异丙醇胺,MDIPA);
2.叔氨基醚,诸如
3-甲氧基丙基二甲基胺;
3.叔多元胺,例如双-叔二胺,诸如
N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺、N,N-二乙基-N',N'-二甲基乙二胺、N,N,N′,N′-四乙基乙二胺、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,3-丙二胺(TMPDA)、N,N,N′,N′-四乙基-1,3-丙二胺(TEPDA)、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,6-己二胺、N,N-二甲基-N′,N′-二乙基乙二胺(DMDEEDA)、1-二甲基氨基-2-二甲基氨基乙氧基乙烷(双[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]醚)、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷(TEDA)、四甲基-1,6-己二胺;
和它们的混合物。
通常优选叔链烷醇胺,即,具有至少一个与氮原子键合的羟烷基的胺。特别优选甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)。
空间位阻理解为指存在至少一个与空间位阻位置直接相邻的仲碳原子或叔碳原子。这种胺以及空间位阻胺还包含在现有技术中称为高度空间位阻胺并且具有大于1.75的空间参数(Taft常数)ES的化合物。
仲碳原子理解为指除了与空间受阻位置的键以外,具有碳-碳键的碳原子。叔碳原子理解为指除了与空间受阻位置的键以外,具有三个碳-碳键的碳原子。仲胺理解为指具有被氢以外的两个有机基团(例如,烷基、链烯基、芳基、烷基芳基等)取代的氮原子的化合物。
合适的空间受阻伯胺或仲胺为,例如,2-(2-叔丁基氨基乙氧基)乙醇(TBAEE)、2-(异丙基氨基)乙醇(IPAE)和2-氨基-2-甲基丙醇(2-AMP)。
在其它实施方案中,吸收剂包含至少一个空间未受阻伯胺或仲胺。空间未受阻伯胺或仲胺在其分子内包含至少一个空间未受阻伯氨基或仲氨基,即,仅氢原子和伯碳原子与之键合的胺氮原子。空间未受阻伯胺或仲胺作为促进剂通过中间形成氨基甲酸酯结构可加速CO2吸收。
空间未受阻伯胺或仲胺,例如,选自
链烷醇胺,诸如单乙醇胺(MEA)、二乙醇胺(DEA)、乙基氨基乙醇、1-氨基-2-甲基丙-2-醇、2-氨基-1-丁醇、2-(2-氨基乙氧基)乙醇和2-(2-氨基乙氧基)乙胺,
多元胺,诸如六亚甲基二胺、1,4-二氨基丁烷、1,3-二氨基丙烷、3-(甲基氨基)丙基胺(MAPA)、N-(2-羟基乙基)乙二胺、3-(二甲基氨基)丙基胺(DMAPA)、3-(二乙基氨基)丙基胺、N,N'-双(2-羟基乙基)乙二胺,
在环中具有至少一个NH基团的5-、6-或7-元饱和杂环,其在环中可包含一个或两个选自氮和氧的其它杂原子,诸如哌嗪、2-甲基哌嗪、N-甲基哌嗪、N-乙基哌嗪、N-(2-羟基乙基)哌嗪、N-(2-氨基乙基)哌嗪、高哌嗪、哌啶和吗啉。
特别优选在环中具有至少一个NH基团的5-、6-或7-元饱和杂环,其在环中可包含一个或两个选自氮和氧的其它杂原子。非常特别优选哌嗪。
通式(I)的化合物与空间未受阻伯胺或仲胺的摩尔比优选在1.0-20范围,更优选在1.5-15范围。
吸收剂还可包含添加剂,诸如腐蚀抑制剂、酶等。总的来说,这样的添加剂的量在吸收剂的约0.01%-3重量%范围。
本发明的方法或吸收剂适用于处理所有种类的流体。流体首先为气体,诸如天然气、合成气、焦炉气、裂化气、煤气化气、循环气、填埋气体和燃烧气体,第二为与吸收剂基本上不混溶的流体,诸如液化的石油气(LPG石油气)或液化的天然气(NGL、天然气液体)。在一种实施方案中,流体流为烟道气流,例如来自焚化装置、生产气体、合成气或另外环境空气。这些气体尤其是在以下中出现:发电厂、机动车、生产设备、氨生产、环氧化物生产、水泥生产、陶瓷行业、焦化设备、熔炼、钢行业、发泡剂暴露和气候-受控的工作和生活区域。其它含有CO2的流体流为来自生物质的甲烷生成的发酵气体,在建筑物和交通工具中,在空气调节中,在大规模动物饲养和含有CO2的环境空气中,来自生物质、燃烧气体、动物消化气体的需氧和/或厌氧堆肥的堆肥气体。
流体流包含二氧化碳和/或硫化氢;其可另外包含其它酸性气体,诸如COS和硫醇。此外,其还可除去SO3、SO2、CS2和HCN。
通式(I)的本发明的化合物特别适用于处理烃质流体流的过程或吸收剂。存在的烃为例如,脂族烃,诸如C1-C4烃,诸如甲烷;不饱和烃,诸如乙烯或丙烯;或芳族烃,诸如苯、甲苯或二甲苯。更特别是,本发明的方法适用于处理天然气流。本发明的吸收剂或方法特别适用于除去CO2。
在优选的实施方案中,在流体流中二氧化碳分压在0.01至小于3.0巴范围,尤其是0.03至小于3.0巴。所述分压基于在吸收步骤中与吸收剂第一次接触的流体流。
在流体流中硫化氢分压通常为至少2.5毫巴。在优选的实施方案中,在流体流中,存在的硫化氢分压为至少0.1巴,尤其是至少1巴,二氧化碳分压为至少0.2巴,尤其是至少1巴。所述分压基于在吸收步骤中与吸收剂第一次接触的流体流。
在本发明的方法中,作为二氧化碳和/或硫化氢被至少部分洗涤出的结果,在吸收器中,在吸收步骤中,流体流与吸收剂接触。这样得到耗尽CO2的和/或耗尽H2S的流体流和装载CO2的和装载H2S的吸收剂。
所用的吸收器为在常规气体洗涤过程中使用的洗涤设备。合适的洗涤设备为,例如,随机包装,具有结构化的包装并且具有塔板的柱,膜接触器,径向流动洗涤器,喷射洗涤器,Venturi洗涤器和旋转喷雾洗涤器,优选具有结构化的包装、具有随机包装并且具有塔板的柱,更优选具有塔板并且具有随机包装的柱。流体流优选以逆流在柱中使用吸收剂处理。通常将流体进料至较低的区域,将吸收剂进料至柱的较高的区域。在塔板柱中安装筛塔板、泡罩塔板或阀塔板,液体在塔板之上流动。具有随机包装的柱可填充有不同形状的主体。通过由成型的主体(通常约25-80mm尺寸)引起的表面积的提高,改进传热和传质。已知的实例为Raschig环(空心圆柱体)、Pall环、Hiflow环、Intalox鞍等。可以有序的方式或另外随机(作为床)将随机包装引入到柱中。可能的材料包括玻璃、陶瓷、金属和塑料。结构化的包装为有序随机包装的进一步发展。它们具有规则的结构。结果是,在包装的情况下,可降低气体流中的压降。结构化的包装存在各种设计,例如织造包装或片材金属包装。所用的材料可为金属、塑料、玻璃和陶瓷。
在吸收步骤中吸收介质的温度通常为约30-100℃,当使用柱时,例如,在柱的顶部,温度为30-70℃,在柱的底部,温度为50-100℃。在吸收步骤中总压力通常为约1-180巴,优选约1-100巴。
本发明的方法可包括一个或多个(例如两个)连续的吸收步骤。吸收可在多个连续的组分步骤中进行,在这种情况下,在每一个组分步骤中,包含酸性气体组分的粗品气体与吸收剂的亚流接触。与粗品气体接触的吸收剂可能已经部分装载酸性气体,意味着其可能例如已从下游吸收步骤再循环至第一吸收步骤的吸收剂,或者为部分再生的吸收剂。关于两阶段吸收的性能,参考公布EP 0 159 495、EP 0 190 434、EP 0 359 991和WO 00100271。
所述方法优选包括其中使装载CO2和H2S的吸收剂再生的再生步骤。在再生步骤中,CO2和H2S和任选的其它酸性气体组分从装载CO2和H2S的吸收剂释放,以得到再生的吸收剂。优选,随后在吸收步骤中将再生的吸收剂再循环。总的来说,再生步骤包括加热、减压和用惰性流体汽提中的至少一个措施。
再生步骤优选包括加热装载有酸性气体组分的吸收剂。借助通过加热溶液得到的蒸汽,将已吸收的酸气体汽提出。不是使用蒸汽,还可使用惰性流体,诸如氮。解吸塔中的绝对压力通常为0.1-3.5巴,优选1.0-2.5巴。温度通常为50℃-170℃,优选80℃-130℃,当然,温度取决于压力。
再生步骤可或者或另外包括减压。当在进行吸收步骤时存在时,这包括至少一个装载的吸收剂从高压到较低压力的减压。减压可例如借助节流阀和/或减压涡轮而完成。使用减压阶段来再生例如描述于公布US 4,537,753和US 4,553,984。
酸性气体组分可在再生步骤中释放,例如,在减压柱中,例如垂直或水平安装的闪蒸器,或具有内部部件的逆流柱。
再生柱可另外为具有随机包装、具有结构化的包装或具有塔板的柱。再生柱在底部具有加热器,例如锅炉、天然循环蒸发器、强制循环蒸发器或强制循环闪蒸蒸发器。在顶部,再生柱具有用于释放的酸气体的出口。夹带的吸收介质蒸汽在冷凝器中冷凝并且再循环至柱中。
可串联连接多个减压柱,其中再生在不同的压力下实施。例如,再生可在通常高于在吸收步骤中酸性气体组分的分压约1.5巴的高压力下在初步减压柱中实施,并且在低压力下在主减压柱中实施,例如1-2巴绝对压力。使用两个或更多个减压阶段再生在公布US4,537,753、US 4,553,984、EP 0 159 495、EP 0 202 600、EP 0 190 434和EP 0 121 109中描述。
通过以下的附图和实施例来详细说明本发明。
图1为适用于实施本发明的方法的设备的示意图。
图2为用于测定吸收剂的相对CO2吸收率的双搅拌池排列的示意图。
图3显示MDEA和MDEA+TBAEEA的含水溶液的pH作为温度的变量。
图4显示包含哌嗪、TBAEE和TBAEEA的MDEA水溶液的循环能力。
根据图1,经由入口Z,在吸收器A1中,将包含硫化氢和/或二氧化碳的适宜预处理的气体与经由吸收剂管线1.01进料的再生的吸收剂以逆流接触。吸收剂通过吸收从气体除去硫化氢和/或二氧化碳;这样经由废气管线1.02得到耗尽硫化氢的和/或耗尽二氧化碳的干净的气体。
经由吸收剂管线1.03、换热器1.04(其中使用来自通过吸收剂管线1.05进行的再生的吸收剂的热量加热装载CO2的和/或装载H2S的吸收剂)和吸收剂管线1.06,将装载CO2的和/或装载H2S的吸收剂进料至解吸柱D,并且再生。从解吸柱D的较低部分,将吸收剂引导至锅炉1.07中。将主要含水的蒸汽再循环至解吸柱D中,而经由吸收剂管线1.05、换热器1.04(其中再生的吸收剂加热装载CO2的和/或装载H2S的吸收剂并且同时自身冷却)、吸收剂管线1.08、冷却器1.09和吸收剂管线1.01,将再生的吸收剂进料返回至吸收器A1。代替显示的锅炉,还可使用其它换热器类型来产生汽提蒸汽,诸如天然循环蒸发器、强制循环蒸发器或强制循环闪蒸蒸发器。在这些蒸发器类型的情况下,将再生的吸收剂和汽提蒸汽的混合相流返回至解吸柱的底部,在这里发生蒸汽和吸收剂之间的相分离。进入换热器1.04的再生的吸收剂从解吸柱的底部从循环流取出至蒸发器或经由单独的管线直接从解吸柱的底部引导至换热器1.04。
在再解吸柱D中释放的含有CO2和/或含有H2S的气体经由废气管线1.10离开解吸柱D。使用整体相分离1.11,将其引导至冷凝器中,在这里将其与夹带的吸收剂蒸汽分离。冷凝和相分离还彼此单独存在。随后,将主要由水组成的液体通过吸收剂管线1.12引导至解吸柱D的上部区域中,而含有CO2和/或含有H2S的气体经由气体管线1.13排放。
在图2中,使用以下参考符号:A=CO2储存容器,B=双搅拌池,C=温度调节器,D=计量阀,E=压力计。根据图2,待测试的吸收剂的液相存在于双搅拌池B的下部,并且经由相界线与其上的气相接触。液体和气相可各自使用搅拌器混合。双搅拌池B经由计量阀D与CO2储存容器A连接。可借助压力计E来测量双搅拌池B中存在的压力。在测量中,记录二氧化碳的体积流速,调节体积流速,使得在双搅拌池B中存在恒定的压力。
实施例
使用以下缩写:
TSC:双搅拌池
HPCy2:二环己基膦
MDEA:甲基二乙醇胺
MeOH:甲醇
MTBE:甲基叔丁基醚
TBAEE:2-(2-叔丁基氨基乙氧基)乙醇
TBAEEA:2-(2-叔丁基氨基乙氧基)乙基胺
THF:四氢呋喃
实施例1
2-(2-叔丁基氨基乙氧基)乙基胺(TBAEEA)的合成
A)催化剂复合物A的合成
A1)4,5-双(二环己基膦基甲基)吖啶的合成
在氩气气氛下,将4,5-双(溴甲基)吖啶(5.2g,14.2mmol)和二环己基膦(8.18g,36.8mmol)在65mL无水脱气的甲醇中的溶液加热至50℃,达66小时。冷却至室温后,加入三乙胺(5.72g,56.7mmol),将混合物搅拌1小时。蒸发溶剂,得到在红色油中的黄白色固体。借助3×40mL甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)萃取,浓缩滤液得到红褐色油(1H NMR:产物和HPCy2的混合物)。将油溶解于少量温热的MTBE中,加入冰冷的甲醇,这引起黄色微晶固体沉淀。分离,减压干燥,得到黄色粉末状的对空气敏感的4,5-双(二环己基膦基甲基)吖啶(2.74g,33%)。
A2)催化剂复合物A的合成
在80mL脱气的甲苯中,将4,5-双(二环己基膦基甲基)吖啶(1855mg,3.1mmol)和[RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3]2(2678mg,2.81mmol)加热至70℃达2小时。将所得到的暗褐色溶液浓缩至干,将残余物在3×20mL己烷中悬浮,通过过滤来分离。减压干燥得到橙褐色粉末状的催化剂复合物A(1603mg,75%)。
B)2-(2-叔丁基氨基乙氧基)乙基胺(TBAEEA)的合成
在具有磁耦合斜叶片搅拌器(搅拌器速度:200-500转/分钟)的160mL Parr高压釜(V4A不锈钢)中,在氩气气氛下,开始时加料催化剂复合物A(38.3mg)、THF(50mL)和叔丁基氨基乙氧基乙醇。在室温下将氨(20.5g)预冷凝,并且计量。通过电将钢高压釜加热至180℃,搅拌(500转/分钟)下加热(内温测量)24小时。将高压釜中的反应混合物加热至180℃后,放出89巴的自生压力。在冷却至室温后,使高压釜减压,并且在标准压力下对氨除气,借助GC("-5Amine"柱,长度30m,内径0.32mm,df 1.5μm,60℃-4℃/分钟至280℃)分析反应混合物。以定量转化,根据GC面积%评价,形成90%的期望的2-(2-叔丁基氨基乙氧基)乙基胺。主要副产物(6%)为描述的环化的吗啉衍生物。通过蒸馏(蒸馏温度70℃,0.5毫巴)纯化产物。
实施例2
对于由40重量%的MDEA和60重量%的水(2-1)以及30重量%的MDEA、15重量%的TBAEEA和55重量%的水(2-2)组成的混合物,测定pH的温度依赖性。使用压力设备,其中可在高达120℃下测量pH。结果在图3中显示。比起包含MDEA(2-1)的混合物,在20℃下,包含TBAEEA(2-2)的混合物显示高得多的pH。pH衡量CO2或H2S可能结合得多好。溶液的pH越高,则可能结合更多的CO2或更少的H2S。换言之,在吸收器中通常存在的低温下,高pH是有利的。总之,比起包含MDEA(2-1)的参比实施例,TBAEEA+MDEA(2-2)的混合物显示更大的温度依赖性。对于包含TBAEEA和MDEA的溶液(2-2),梯度为-0.027pH单位/K,但是,对于MDEA溶液(2-1),仅-0.022pH单位/K。对于再生,较高和较低温度之间的最大pH差异是有利的,由于在较高温度和相应地较低pH值下,使用较低能量代价,再次释放吸收的酸性组分。
实施例3
在根据图2的双搅拌池(TSC)中,测量含水吸收剂的相对CO2吸收率。
双搅拌池的内径为85mm,体积为509mL。在测量期间,池的温度保持在40℃。为了将气相和液相混合,根据图2的池包含两个搅拌器。在开始测量之前,将双搅拌池抽空。将限定体积的脱气的吸收剂加入到双搅拌池中,在40℃下调节温度。在加热未装载的吸收剂期间,搅拌器已经打开。选择搅拌器速度,使得在液相和气相之间形成平面相界线。必须避免在相界面处发展波纹,否则将没有限定的相界面。在已达到期望的实验温度后,借助计量阀,将二氧化碳引入到反应器中。控制体积流速,使得在整个实验期间,压力恒定在100毫巴。随着提高实验持续时间,体积流速降低,由于吸收介质经时变饱和,并且吸收速率降低。在整个阶段,记录体积流速。在实验开始时,二氧化碳流速为约4L(STP)/h。一旦二氧化碳流速小于0.02L(STP)/h,实验结束。在实验结束时,吸收介质为平衡状态。
使用以下吸收剂:
3-1)MDEA(41重量%)的含水溶液
3-2)MDEA(30重量%)+TBAEE(15重量%)的含水溶液
3-3)MDEA(30重量%)+TBAEEA(15重量%)的含水溶液
在实验结束(EQM)时达到的负载的20%和50%下,测定吸收速率。将值标准化至在20%和50%EQM下吸收剂3-1的吸收速率。在下表中报道结果:
*对比实施例
**基于实施例3-1
可见,在本发明的实施例3-3中,吸收速率比在对比实施例3-1和3-2中高得多,与具体的CO2负载无关。
实施例4
为了估计循环能力,对于以下含水吸收剂,进行负载实验和随后的汽提实验:
4-1)30重量%的MDEA+8重量%的哌嗪
4-2)30重量%的MDEA+15重量%的TBAEE
4-3)30重量%的MDEA+15重量%的TBAEEA
所用的设备为具有在之上连接的回流冷凝器的恒温玻璃圆柱体。回流冷凝器在约5℃的温度下操作,并且在负载和汽提期间,防止水和胺被排放。
在40℃下,在玻璃圆柱体中引入100mL吸收剂。通过在玻璃圆柱体的下端的玻璃料,将8L(STP)/h纯CO2在吸收溶液中鼓泡达约4小时。在实验结束时,借助测量总无机碳含量(TIC),测定在吸收剂中CO2的负载。
在相同结构的设备中,在80℃下,用氮(8L(STP)/h)汽提装载的溶液。在60分钟的过程中,每10分钟取出吸收剂样品,分析CO2含量。继续汽提实验达另外的2小时,最后测定在吸收剂中CO2的载荷(总汽提时间:180分钟)。在载荷实验结束时达到的CO2载荷和测得的CO2载荷之间的差异作为汽提时间的度量用于计算三种吸收剂的循环能力。结果在图4中显示。发现包含TBAEEA(4-3)的混合物具有最高的循环能力,与汽提时间无关。
实施例5
测定以下吸收剂的挥发性:
5-1)41重量%的MDEA
5-2)30重量%的MDEA+15重量%的TBAEE
5-3)30重量%的MDEA+15重量%的TBAEEA
最小挥发性是有利的,以确保胺的最少排放以及干净的气体或同时从吸收设备除去酸气体。
使用按照在实施例4中描述的载荷和汽提设备的设备。将玻璃圆柱体加热至50℃的温度并且保持,在每一种情况下,引入100mL吸收剂。通过在玻璃圆柱体下端的玻璃料,将20L(STP)/h纯CO2在吸收溶液中鼓泡达约8小时。与实施例4相反,冷凝出的液体不返回至玻璃圆柱体中,而是单独收集,在实验结束时分析它们的组成。结果在下表中显示:
*对比实施例
可见,在实施例5-3中,本发明的化合物TBAEEA的挥发性比在对比实施例5-1和5-2中的化合物的挥发性低得多。
Claims (18)
3.权利要求2的吸收剂,条件是与伯氨基直接键合的碳原子上的R5基团为氢。
4.权利要求2的吸收剂,其中所述吸收剂包含至少一种有机溶剂。
5.权利要求3的吸收剂,其中所述吸收剂包含至少一种有机溶剂。
6.权利要求2的吸收剂,其中所述吸收剂包含至少一种酸。
7.权利要求3的吸收剂,其中所述吸收剂包含至少一种酸。
8.权利要求4的吸收剂,其中所述吸收剂包含至少一种酸。
9.权利要求5的吸收剂,其中所述吸收剂包含至少一种酸。
10.权利要求2-9中任一项的吸收剂,其中在所述吸收剂中式(I)化合物的浓度为10%-60重量%。
11.权利要求2-9中任一项的吸收剂,所述吸收剂还包含至少一种叔胺和/或空间位阻伯胺或仲胺。
12.权利要求10的吸收剂,所述吸收剂还包含至少一种叔胺和/或空间位阻伯胺或仲胺。
13.权利要求11的吸收剂,其中所述叔胺为甲基二乙醇胺。
14.一种用于从流体流除去二氧化碳和/或硫化氢的方法,其中使权利要求2-13中任一项的吸收剂与流体流接触。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中所述流体流包含烃。
16.权利要求14的方法,其中所述流体流的总压力为至少3.0巴。
17.权利要求15的方法,其中所述流体流的总压力为至少3.0巴。
18.权利要求14-17中任一项的方法,其中所述方法包括其中使装载二氧化碳和/或硫化氢的吸收剂再生的再生步骤b),其中所述再生步骤b)包括加热、减压和用惰性流体汽提中的至少一个措施。
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- 2015-08-20 US US15/506,472 patent/US10214482B2/en active Active
- 2015-08-20 WO PCT/EP2015/069164 patent/WO2016030277A1/de active Application Filing
- 2015-08-20 PL PL15753047T patent/PL3186222T3/pl unknown
- 2015-08-20 CA CA2957768A patent/CA2957768C/en active Active
- 2015-08-20 CN CN201580045803.1A patent/CN106604771B/zh active Active
- 2015-08-20 AU AU2015309020A patent/AU2015309020B2/en active Active
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CAS1540599-39-0化合物;无;《STN REGISTRY DATABASE》;20140210;第1页 * |
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WO2016030277A1 (de) | 2016-03-03 |
US10214482B2 (en) | 2019-02-26 |
CA2957768A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
EP3186222B1 (de) | 2018-06-06 |
CN106604771A (zh) | 2017-04-26 |
AU2015309020B2 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
AU2015309020A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
CA2957768C (en) | 2022-09-27 |
PL3186222T3 (pl) | 2018-11-30 |
JP6559772B2 (ja) | 2019-08-14 |
EA031265B1 (ru) | 2018-12-28 |
US20180222847A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
EP3186222A1 (de) | 2017-07-05 |
EA201790460A1 (ru) | 2017-06-30 |
JP2017533080A (ja) | 2017-11-09 |
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