CN102282409B - 压力容器凸起部和衬里接口 - Google Patents

压力容器凸起部和衬里接口 Download PDF

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CN102282409B
CN102282409B CN201080004144.4A CN201080004144A CN102282409B CN 102282409 B CN102282409 B CN 102282409B CN 201080004144 A CN201080004144 A CN 201080004144A CN 102282409 B CN102282409 B CN 102282409B
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诺曼·L·纽豪斯
戴尔·B·迪勒
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LINCOLN COMPOSITES
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Abstract

一种用于压力容器的凸起部，凸起部具有凸缘。该凸缘具有内侧和外侧，凸缘包括设置在内侧上并具有内侧壁的内键槽和设置在内侧壁上的多个孔，孔不延伸到外侧。压力容器包括主体部和端部，端部包括凸起部，凸起部包括凸缘，凸缘包括设置在内侧上并具有内侧壁的内键槽和设置在内侧壁上的多个孔，孔与所述外侧不连通。压力容器包括外壳体、内衬里和凸起部，凸起部包括具有外侧和内侧的凸缘，衬里经由多个锚状部与凸缘机械地集成在一起，每个锚状部仅在内侧接触凸缘。还提供一种形成压力容器的方法。该方法包括允许流体聚合物材料流入内键槽中并流入多个孔中。

Description

压力容器凸起部和衬里接口
背景技术
压力容器通常用于包含多种受压流体，如储存氧气、天然气、氮、丙烷和其它燃料。合适的容器材料包括由热固性或热塑性树脂结合在一起的缠绕玻璃纤维细丝或其它合成细丝的叠层。弹性材料或其它非金属弹性衬里或囊状物通常设置在复合外壳内，以密封容器并防止内部流体接触复合材料。容器的复合构造提供了多种好处，如重量轻、耐腐蚀、耐疲劳和不易出现灾难性故障。这些特性归功于通常沿压力容器的构造中的主作用力的方向定向的增强纤维或细丝的高比强度。
图1和2图示了细长压力容器10，如在美国专利No.5,476,189中披露的压力容器，通过引用将该美国专利结合于此。容器10包括具有端部14的主体部12。凸起部16设置在容器10的一端或两端，以提供用于与容器10的内部连通的端口。容器10由被外复合外壳18覆盖的聚合物内衬20形成。在该情况中，“复合”是指纤维增强树脂复合材料，如细丝缠绕或层叠结构。
衬里20具有大致半球形端部22，其具有与复合外壳18中的开口26对齐的开口24。凸起部16定位在对齐的开口内，并包括颈部28和径向向外突出的凸缘部30。凸起部16限定有端口32，处于高压下的流体可以通过该端口32与压力容器10的内部连通。
衬里20包括位于衬里20中的双层唇状外接开口24，外唇状部分34和内唇状部分36在其间限定有用于容纳凸起部16的凸缘部30的环形凹陷38。带鸠尾榫槽的相互接合锁定装置40分别设置在凸缘部30与外唇状部分34和内唇状部分36之间，以将衬里20锁定至凸起部16。
已经证明这种类型的使衬里和凸起部互锁的结构在某些应用中是有效的，如用于压缩天然气(CNG)燃料容器。然而，在高压(如，700巴)设施中，已经注意到靠近凸起部的塑性衬里材料的扭曲，导致将塑料拉出键槽(即，拉出互锁装置40)的趋势。该区域在高压应用中的“扭曲”源于在衬里20和凸起部16之间的键槽中存在的高压气体。高压气体渗透衬里材料且随后在压力下降时放气。因此，渗到衬里20和凸起部16之间的区域中的气体随后可以具有高于容器10内的气体的压力，例如，当正从容器10中排出气体时。结果，衬里20和凸起部16之间的过压会导致衬里材料被挤出键槽。因此，存在这样的需要：一种，其防止衬里和凸起部在高压下分离并允许陷入衬里和凸起部之间的键槽中的任何此类气体排出。
发明内容
在一个方面中，本发明描述了一种用于压力容器的凸起部，该凸起部具有凸缘。该凸缘包括具有内侧壁的内键槽和设置在所述内侧壁上的多个孔。
在另一个方面中，本发明描述了一种压力容器，包括主体部和连接至主体部的端部。该端部包括凸起部，该凸起部具有凸缘，该凸缘包括具有内侧壁的内键槽和设置在所述内侧壁上的多个孔。
在又一个方面中，本发明描述了一种压力容器，包括复合外壳和凸起部。复合外壳包括外壳体和设置在外壳体内的内衬。凸起部限定在复合外壳中的端口，并包括具有外侧和内侧的凸缘。衬里经由多个锚状部与凸缘机械地集成在一起，每个锚状部仅在凸缘的内侧接触凸缘。
在又一个方面中，形成压力容器的方法包括提供具有凸缘的凸起部。该凸缘包括具有内侧壁的内键槽和设置在所述内侧壁上的多个孔。该方法包括允许流体聚合物材料流入内键槽中并流入所述多个孔中。
提供本发明内容，从而以简单的形式介绍以下在具体实施方式中进一步描述的概念。本发明内容不是要求确定所公开的或所要求的主题的关键特征或必要特征，并且也不是要描述所公开的或所要求保护的主题的每个公开事实凡是或每种实施方案。具体地，在本文中相对于一种实施方式公开的特征可以等同地适用于另一种实施方式。而且，本发明内容不是要用来帮助确定所要求保护的主题的范围。随着描述的进行，多种其它新颖的优点、特征和关系将变得明显。随后的附图和描述更特别地说明例证性的实施方式。
附图说明
将参照附图进一步说明所公开的主题，其中，在不同的视图中相同的结构或系统元件由相同的附图标记表示。
图1为典型的细长压力容器的侧面正视图。
图2为沿着图1的2-2线截取的穿过这种压力容器的一端的部分剖视图。
图3为本发明的凸起部的第一实施方式的透视图。
图4A为沿着4-4线截取的穿过图3的凸起部的部分剖视图。
图4B类似于图4A，但示出了连接至容器衬里的凸起部。
图5为本发明的凸起部的第二实施方式的透视图。
图6A为沿着6-6线截取的穿过图5的凸起部的部分剖视图。
图6B类似于图6A，但示出了连接至容器衬里的凸起部。
虽然上述附图提出了所公开的主题的一个或多个实施方式，但如在公开内容中注意到的那样，其它实施方式也是可预期的。在所有情况中，本发明通过代表性而非限制性的方式呈现所公开的主题。应当理解，落入本发明的范围和精神之内的多种其它修改和实施方式可以由本领域技术人员想出。
附图可以不按比例绘制。而且，其中使用了诸如上、下、上方、下方、顶、底、侧、右、左之类的术语，将会理解，它们仅仅用于容易理解说明书。期望的是可以以其它方式定向这些结构。
具体实施方式
在一种实施方式中，在图3、4A和4B的凸起部16A上图示了改进的凸起部和衬里接口结构。环形外或外部键槽42和环形内或内部键槽44设置在凸缘30上，以分别与衬里20的互锁键42a和44a配合。如在本发明中使用的那样，术语“鸽尾榫”描述了键槽或互锁键构造，其包括唇状物、槽口、喇叭口、凸起、或类似的或对应的结构，以便形成在凸起部16A的键槽42/44和衬里20的互锁键42a/44a之间的接头在结构上防止分开。外键槽42包括沿轴向方向延伸的环状唇缘52以防止沿径向方向分开，和沿径向方向延伸的环状唇缘54以防止沿轴向方向分开。类似地，内键槽44包括沿轴向方向延伸以防止沿径向方向的分离的环状唇缘56和沿径向方向延伸以防止沿轴向方向分离的环状唇缘58。
环形凹槽46被限定在凸起部16A的凸缘30A的内侧，并在内键槽44的径向以内。凹槽46通过形成在内键槽44的内侧壁50和凹槽46之间的多个离散的孔48连接至内键槽44；每个孔48在其一个端部具有位于内键槽44中的第一开口48a，而在其第二端部具有位于凹槽46的第二开口。在横截面中，孔48例如可以为圆形的或细长的。在示例性实施方式中，凹槽46为大致“V”形的。
形成压力容器10的方法包括允许用于衬里20的流体聚合物材料流入并填充外键槽42、内键槽44、凹槽46和孔48。随后衬里材料固化，从而形成键42a、键44a和锚状部49。衬里20通过形成在孔48中的锚状部49与凸起部16A机械地互锁，从而将凹槽46中的衬里材料与内键槽44中的衬里材料(键44a)连接在一起。因此，即使在极端压力条件下，也能防止衬里20从凸起部16A上分离。实际上，在衬里20和凸起部16A的分离可能发生之前，衬里材料20将需要撕开。
凸缘30A具有内侧60和外侧62。在示例性实施方式中，每个锚状部49仅接触凸缘30A的内侧，而不接触凸缘30A的外侧。由于内键槽44、凹槽46和孔48都位于凸缘30A的内侧60上，因此不存在从凸缘30A的内侧到凸缘30A的外侧的气体泄漏通道。而且，衬里20和凸起部16A之间的任何积聚气体可以在衬里20的开口24(参见图2)处流回到容器10中，由此防止衬里20和凸起部16A的界面处的破裂或分离。
在图5、6A和6B中图示了本发明的另一种示例性凸起部。除了未在内键槽44的径向以内设置凹槽之外，该示例性凸起部16B的构造类似于上述凸起部16A的构造。在该内键槽44内，多个离散的孔48经由键槽44的侧壁50中的开口48a沿大致径向方向设置在凸起部16B中。如在此使用的，“孔”不需要一直贯穿构件。照这样，孔48可以从其开口48a延伸至其封闭端，如图6A和6B中的48c处。当形成容器10时，衬里20的材料再次形成环形键(分别为外键42b和内键44b)，其流入环形键槽42和44并与环形键槽42和44互锁。从内键44b开始，衬里材料填充所述孔48，以形成锚状部49，锚状部49用于防止凸起部16B和衬里20分开。
上述凸起部构造(图3、4A和4B中图示的凸起部16A和图5、6A和6B中图示的凸起部16B)中的每一个的是要在凸起部16A/B和衬里20之间提供高度稳定和集成的接口，以防止在凸起部16A/B和衬里20之间冒气和/或积聚。
虽然已经参照几个实施方式描述了本发明的主题，但本领域技术人员将会认识到，在不偏离本公开内容的精神和范围的前提下可以在形式和细节方面进行改变。此外，相对于一种实施方式公开的任何特征可以结合在其它实施方式中，反之亦然。例如，一些孔可以一直贯穿凸缘的一部分(例如，如图3、4A和4B所示)，而其它孔不需要一直贯穿(例如，如图5、6A和6B所示)。孔结构可以在凸缘周围径向交替(一直贯穿孔，封闭端孔，一直贯穿孔，等等)，或者以任何其它混合的孔构造配置围绕凸缘设置。

Claims (24)

1.一种用于压力容器的凸起部，该凸起部具有凸缘，该凸缘具有内侧和外侧，所述凸起部包括：
设置在所述内侧上并具有内侧壁的内键槽；和
设置在所述内侧壁上的多个孔，其中所述孔与所述外侧不连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的凸起部，还包括径向地设置在内键槽以内的位于所述内侧上的凹槽，所述多个孔连接所述内键槽和凹槽。
3.根据权利要求2所述的凸起部，其中所述凹槽为“V”形的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的凸起部，其中所述内键槽包括沿所述凸起部的轴向方向延伸的唇缘。
5.根据权利要求1所述的凸起部，其中所述内键槽包括沿所述凸起部的径向方向延伸的唇缘。
6.根据权利要求1所述的凸起部，还包括设置在所述外侧上的外键槽。
7.根据权利要求6所述的凸起部，其中外键槽包括沿所述凸起部的轴向方向延伸的唇缘。
8.根据权利要求6所述的凸起部，其中外键槽包括沿所述凸起部的径向方向延伸的唇缘。
9.根据权利要求1所述的凸起部，其中每个孔具有用于该孔延伸到该凸起部的凸缘中的第一开口。
10.根据权利要求1所述的凸起部，其中至少一个孔延伸穿过所述凸缘的一部分至位于所述凸缘的内侧上的用于该孔的第二开口。
11.根据权利要求10所述的凸起部，其中每个第二开口设置在位于所述凸缘的内侧上的环形凹槽中。
12.根据权利要求10所述的凸起部，其中每个孔延伸穿过所述凸缘的所述部分至位于所述凸缘的内侧上的用于该孔的所述第二开口。
13.根据权利要求9所述的凸起部，其中至少一个孔延伸到所述凸缘的一部分中，到达该孔的位于所述凸缘内的闭端。
14.一种压力容器，包括：
主体部；和
连接至主体部的端部，该端部包括凸起部，该凸起部具有凸缘，该凸缘具有内侧和外侧，该凸缘包括：
设置在所述内侧上并具有内侧壁的内键槽；和
设置在所述内侧壁上的多个孔，其中所述孔与所述外侧不连通。
15.根据权利要求14所述的容器，还包括径向地设置在内键槽以内的位于所述内侧上的凹槽，所述多个孔连接所述内键槽和凹槽。
16.根据权利要求15所述的容器，其中所述凹槽为“V”形的。
17.根据权利要求14所述的容器，其中所述内键槽包括沿所述凸起部的轴向方向延伸的唇缘。
18.根据权利要求14所述的容器，其中所述内键槽包括沿所述凸起部的径向方向延伸的唇缘。
19.根据权利要求14所述的容器，还包括设置在外侧上的外键槽。
20.根据权利要求19所述的容器，其中外键槽包括沿所述凸起部的轴向方向延伸的唇缘。
21.根据权利要求19所述的容器，其中外键槽包括沿所述凸起部的径向方向延伸的唇缘。
22.一种压力容器，包括：
复合外壳，包括：
外壳体；和
内衬里，设置在外壳体内；和
凸起部，限定在复合外壳中的端口，该凸起部包括具有外侧和内侧的凸缘，所述凸缘包括：
设置在所述内侧上并具有内侧壁的内键槽；和
设置在所述内侧壁上的多个孔，其中所述孔与所述外侧不连通，
其中衬里经由形成在所述多个孔中的多个锚状部与凸缘机械地集成在一起，每个锚状部仅在凸缘的内侧接触凸缘。
23.一种形成压力容器的方法，包括下述步骤：
提供具有凸缘的凸起部，该凸缘具有内侧和外侧，该凸缘包括：
设置在所述内侧上并具有内侧壁的内键槽；和
设置在所述内侧壁上的多个孔，其中所述孔与所述外侧不连通；
允许流体聚合物材料流入内键槽中并流入所述多个孔中。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法，其中凸起部还包括径向地设置在内键槽以内的凹槽，所述多个孔中的至少一些连接所述内键槽和凹槽，该方法包括允许流体聚合物材料填充内键槽、凹槽和所述多个孔中的所述至少一些孔。
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