CN102239560A - 显示驱动器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种有源矩阵显示器包括矩阵中包含驱动电路的显示区域,该驱动电路包括包含在显示区域外部的小芯片的控制电路。控制电路的输出在多个小芯片当中分配。这种布局优点在于小芯片允许更小的扇入及扇出的结构,从而允许更大百分比的衬底供显示区域所用。
Description
背景技术
可以看出,近些年随着显示器的质量提高,它们的成本降低,以及显示器的应用范围扩大,显示器的市场得到了相当大的发展。这包括用于诸如TV或计算机监视器的大面积显示器以及用于便携式设备的较小的显示器。
目前在市场上最常见的显示器类别是液晶显示器和等离子体显示器,尽管基于有机发光二极管(OLED)的显示器由于它们的许多优点(包括功率消耗低、重量轻、视角宽、优良的对比度以及用于柔性显示器的潜力)现在日益吸引人们的注意。
OLED的基础结构是夹在用于给有机层注入负电荷载流子(电子)的阴极与用于给有机层注入正电荷载流子(空穴)的阳极之间的发光有机层,例如聚对苯乙炔(“PPV”)膜或聚芴膜。电子和空穴在有机层中结合生成光子。在WO90/13148中,有机发光材料是共轭聚合物。在US 4,539,507中,有机发光材料是称为小分子材料的那类材料,例如(8-羧基喹啉)铝(“Alq3”)。在实际的器件中,一个电极是透明的,以允许光子从器件逸出。
典型的有机发光器件(“OLED”)被制作于涂有诸如氧化铟锡(“ITO”)那样的透明阳极的玻璃或塑料衬底上。至少一种电致发光有机材料的薄膜层覆盖第一电极。最后,阴极覆盖电致发光有机材料层。阴极典型为金属或合金并且可以包括单个层(例如铝)或多个层(例如钙和铝)。在操作中,空穴通过阳极注入器件之内并且电子通过阴极注入器件之内。空穴和电子在有机电致发光层中结合以形成随后进行辐射衰变以发出光的激子。器件可以用红色、绿色及蓝色的电致发光子像素来像素化以便提供全色显示。
全色液晶显示器典型地包括发白光的背光,并且从器件发射出的光在穿过LC层之后通过红色、绿色及蓝色的滤色器来过滤以提供所希望的彩色图像。
全色显示可以通过使用与滤色器结合的白色或蓝色的OLED以相同的方式来实现。而且,已经证明了滤色器与OLED一起的使用即使在器件的像素已经包括了红色、绿色及蓝色的子像素时也可以是有益的。特别地,使红色的滤色器与红色的电致发光子像素对准并且使对绿色和蓝色的子像素及滤色器进行同样操作能够提高显示器的色纯度(为了避免疑惑,在此所使用的“像素”可以指的是仅发出单种颜色的像素或者包括共同使像素发出一定范围的颜色的多个可单独寻址的子像素的像素。)
借助用于吸收所发射光并且以所希望的较长的波长或某一波段的波长再发射的颜色改变介质(CCM)进行的下转换能够被用作滤色器的替代,或者除滤色器外的选择。
一种寻址诸如LCD和OLED那样的显示器的方式利用了“有源矩阵”布局,在该“有源矩阵”布局中显示器的个体像素元件由关联的薄膜晶体管所激活。用于此类显示器的有源矩阵背板(backplane)能够以非晶硅(a-Si)或低温多晶硅(LTPS)制成。LTPS具有高迁移率但是可以是非均匀的并且需要高处理温度,这限制了它所能够使用的衬底的范围。非晶硅不需要这样的高处理温度,但是其迁移率相对低,并且能够受在使用期间由老化效应所引起的非均匀性的影响。而且,由LTPS或a-Si形成的背板均需要诸如光刻、清理和退火那样的能够损害下层衬底的处理步骤。特别地,在LTPS的情形中必须选择可经受这些高能处理的衬底。例如Rogers等在2004年的第84(26)期的Appl.Phys.Lett.(5398-5400)中、Rogers等在2006年的第88期的Appl.Lett.(213101-)中以及Benkendorfer等在2007年6月的CompoundSemiconductor中公开了对图形化的可替换的方案,其中使用诸如光刻那样的常规方法将绝缘体上硅图形化成随后被转移到器件衬底的多个元件(以下称为“小芯片(chiplets)”)。转移印刷工艺这样进行:使该多个小芯片与具有促使小芯片与模板结合(bind)的表面化学功能的弹性模板接触,并且然后将小芯片转移到器件衬底。以这种方式,载有诸如显示驱动电路那样的微米及纳米尺度结构的小芯片能够以良好的配准转移到末端衬底(end substrate)之上,而该末端衬底不必容忍在硅的图形化中所包含的过分要求的工艺处理。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,在此提供了一种制造用于有源矩阵显示器的控制电路的方法,其中该控制电路包括多个小芯片,该方法包括:将控制电路定位于显示区域外部;以及将控制电路的多个输出分配给在该多个小芯片当中的显示区域驱动电路。
在本说明书全文中,术语“控制电路”被用来表示用于编程驱动电路的电路;“驱动电路”被用来表示用于直接驱动显示器的像素的电路;而“显示区域”被用来表示由显示器的像素及相关的驱动电路所界定的区域。
优选地,该方法还包括图形化在绝缘体上的小芯片的步骤。
优选地,该方法还包括经由转移印刷工艺将小芯片转移至器件衬底的步骤。
优选地,该方法还包括使多个小芯片与具有促使小芯片结合于模板的表面化学功能的弹性模板接触,以及将小芯片转移至器件衬底的步骤。
在一种优选的实施例中,驱动电路包含a-Si或LTPS。在另一种优选的实施例中,驱动电路包括小芯片。
根据本发明的一种实施例中,在此提供了有源矩阵显示器,其包括:矩阵中包含驱动电路的显示区域;包含显示区域外部的小芯片的控制电路,其中控制电路的输出在多个小芯片当中分配。
优选地,有源矩阵显示器还包括用于环境光检测的光学传感器。
根据一种实施例,通过使用由位于有源显示矩阵区域外部的驱动器所驱动的驱动器小芯片阵列而减小了为扇入及扇出连接所占用的衬底面积。
在所附的权利要求书中能够发现更多的优点和新颖的特征。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本发明以及为了更好地实现本发明,现在将参考仅作为示例的附图,在附图中:
图1示出了一种器件,其中该器件通过首先在衬底上形成阳极然后沉积电致发光层和阴极的方式来形成;
图2A示出了现有技术的有源矩阵显示器和驱动电路的示例;以及
图2B示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的有源矩阵显示器配置。
具体实施方式
小芯片材料
小芯片可以由半导体晶片源形成,所述半导体晶片源包括块体的半导体晶片,例如单晶硅晶片、多晶硅晶片、锗晶片;超薄半导体晶片,例如超薄硅晶片;掺杂的半导体晶片,例如p型或n型掺杂的晶片以及具有选择的掺杂剂空间分布的晶片(绝缘体上半导体晶片例如绝缘体上硅(例如Si-SiO2、SiGe));以及衬底上半导体晶片,例如衬底上硅晶片及绝缘体上硅晶片。另外,本发明的可印刷半导体元件可以由多种非晶片源来制作,例如沉积于牺牲层或衬底(例如SiN或SiO2)上并且随后被退火的非晶、多晶及单晶半导体材料(例如多晶硅、非晶硅、多晶GaAs和非晶GaAs)的薄膜,以及其它块体晶体,包括但不限于:石墨、MoSe2及其它过渡金属的硫族化物以及钇钡铜氧化物。
小芯片可以通过本领域技术人员所已知的常规的处理手段来形成。
优选地,每个驱动器或LED小芯片长度可达500微米,优选为大约15-250微米,并且宽度优选为大约5-50微米,更优选地为5-10微米。
转移处理
在转移印刷中所使用的模板(stamp)优选是PDMS模板。
模板的表面可以具有促使小芯片可逆地结合于模板并且被从供体(donor)衬底剥离的化学功能,或者可以依靠例如范德瓦耳斯力来结合。类似地,当转移到末端衬底时,小芯片通过范德瓦耳斯力和/或通过利用与末端衬底的表面上的化学功能的相互作用粘合于末端衬底,并且作为结果,模板可以被从小芯片层离。
小芯片和显示器集成
可以将以用于寻址显示器的像素或子像素的驱动电路来图形化的小芯片转移印刷到载有迹线(tracking)的衬底之上,迹线用于使小芯片与电源以及(如果需要的话)与在显示区域外部的用于编程小芯片的驱动器连接。
为了确保精确地转移到准备好的末端衬底上,模板和末端衬底可以通过本领域技术人员所知的方法来配准,例如通过在衬底上设置对准标记。
作为选择,用于连接小芯片的迹线可以在小芯片已经转移印刷之后施加。
在小芯片驱动显示器(例如LCD或OLED显示器)的情形中,包含小芯片的背板优选被涂以绝缘材料层以形成显示器被构造于其上的平面化层。显示器件的电极借助于形成于平面化层内的导电通孔来与小芯片的输出连接。
有机LED
在显示器为OLED的情形中,根据本发明的器件包括其上已经形成了背板(没有示出)的玻璃或塑料衬底1、阳极2及阴极4。电致发光层3被设置于阳极2和阴极4之间。
在实际的器件中,至少其中一个电极是半透明的以便光可以被发射出。在阳极为透明的情形中,阳极典型地包含氧化铟锡。优选地,阴极是透明的以便避免在光穿过阳极发射出的情形中由电致发光层3所发射出的光被小芯片及其它相关的驱动电路吸收的问题。透明的阴极典型地包括足够薄以至透明的电子注入材料层。典型地,该层的横向导电率由于其细薄而将是低的。在这种情况下,将电子注入材料层与透明的导电材料(例如氧化铟锡)的较厚层结合来使用。
应当理解,透明阴极器件不必具有透明的阳极(当然,除非需要全透明的器件),并且因而用于底发射器件的透明的阳极可以用反射材料层(例如铝层)来代替或补充。在例如GB 2348316中公开了透明阴极器件的示例。
在层3中使用的适合的材料包括小分子、聚合物以及树枝状大分子材料,以及它们的组合。在层3中使用的适合的电致发光聚合物包括诸如聚(对苯撑亚乙烯)那样的聚(亚芳基亚乙烯)以及聚芳撑例如:聚芴,特别是2,7-链9,9二烷基聚芴或者2,7-链9,9二芳基聚芴;聚螺旋芴,特别是2,7-链聚-9,9-螺旋芴;聚茚并芴,特别是2,7-链聚茚并芴;聚苯撑,特别是烷基或烷氧基取代的聚-1,4-苯撑。此类聚合物被公开于例如Adv.Mater.200012(23)1737-1750及其参考文献中。在层3中使用的适合的电致发光树枝状聚合物包括在例如WO 02/066552中所公开的带有树枝状聚合物基团的电致发光金属络合物。
另外的层可以位于阳极2和阴极3之间,例如电荷传输层、电荷注入层或电荷阻挡层。
器件优选以密封物(没有示出)来封装以防止湿气和氧气侵入。适合的密封物(encapsulant)包括玻璃板、具有适合的阻挡层性质的膜,例如在例如WO 01/81649中公开的聚合物和电介质的交错叠层或者在例如WO 01/19142中公开的气密容器。可以将用于吸收可能渗过衬底或密封物的任何环境湿气和/或氧气的消气材料布置于衬底和密封物之间。
图1示出了一种器件,其中该器件通过首先将阳极形成于衬底上然后沉积电致发光层和阴极的方式来形成,但是应当理解,本发明的器件也能够通过首先将阴极形成于衬底上然后沉积电致发光层和阳极的方式来形成。
图2A示出了现有技术的有源矩阵显示器及驱动电路的示例。如图所示,衬底101包括占用了大的衬底区域的扇入及扇出连接102,从而显著地减小了衬底的显示区域。
图2B示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的有源矩阵显示器配置。如图所示,图2A的扇入及扇出连接102包括在有源显示区域101外部的多个小芯片103。这种布局是有利的,因为小芯片允许小得多的扇入及扇出结构,从而允许更大百分比的衬底供显示区域所用。此外,封装被改善了,因为在显示区域外部的小芯片的高度典型地处于微米范围,然而现有技术的控制电路布局(例如在图2A中所示出的类型)的厚度典型地处于数百微米到数毫米的范围。在这种布局中,控制电路是显示器的最厚部分并且因而是减小显示器厚度以及整个硅区域的限制因素。此外,小芯片的使用与柔性显示器可以更加兼容;虽然小芯片本身并不一定是柔性的,但是小芯片阵列在被设置于柔性衬底上时能够被弯曲。
本领域技术人员应当意识到,虽然本公开内容已经描述了什么模式被认为是最好的模式以及在适宜的情形下实现本发明的其它模式,但是本发明应当不限制于在优选实施例的描述中所公开的具体的配置及方法。
Claims (8)
1.一种制造用于有源矩阵显示器的控制电路的方法,其中所述控制电路包括多个小芯片,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将所述控制电路定位于显示区域外部;以及
将所述控制电路的多个输出分配给所述多个小芯片当中的显示区域驱动电路。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括图形化绝缘体上的所述小芯片的步骤。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,还包括经由转移印刷工艺将所述小芯片转移至器件衬底的步骤。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,还包括使所述多个小芯片与弹性模板接触,以及将所述小芯片转移至所述器件衬底的步骤,所述弹性模板具有促使所述小芯片结合于所述模板的表面化学功能。
5.根据以上任一权利要求所述的方法,其中所述驱动电路包含a-Si或LTPS。
6.根据权利要求1到4中的任一权利要求所述的方法,其中所述驱动电路包括小芯片。
7.一种有源矩阵显示器,包括:
包含驱动电路的矩阵的显示区域;
控制电路,包含在所述显示区域外部的小芯片,
其中所述控制电路的输出在所述多个小芯片当中分配。
8.根据权利要求5所述的显示器,还包括用于环境光检测的光学传感器。
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GB0819449D0 (en) | 2008-12-03 |
KR20110074616A (ko) | 2011-06-30 |
GB0900616D0 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
TW201024836A (en) | 2010-07-01 |
US20110291572A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
DE112009002522T5 (de) | 2012-05-24 |
GB2464561B (en) | 2011-05-18 |
JP2012506568A (ja) | 2012-03-15 |
WO2010046644A2 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
WO2010046644A3 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
GB2464561A (en) | 2010-04-28 |
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