CN102226703B - Distributed fiber multi-parameter sensor and multi-parameter measuring method - Google Patents
Distributed fiber multi-parameter sensor and multi-parameter measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed fiber multi-parameter sensor and a multi-parameter measuring method. The distributed fiber multi-parameter sensor comprises a light source, a light source driving module, a wavelength division multiplexing device module, a detection fiber, a photoelectric detection module, a data acquisition and control circuit module and an outer modulator. An output terminal of the light source driving module connects an input terminal of the light source. An input terminal of the outer modulator connects an output terminal of the light source. An output terminal of theouter modulator connects an input terminal of the wavelength division multiplexing device module. An output terminal of the wavelength division multiplexing device connects an input terminal of the photoelectric detection module. An output terminal of the photoelectric detection module connects the data acquisition and control circuit module. An output terminal of the data acquisition and controlcircuit module connects an input terminal of the light source driving module. According to the distributed fiber sensor, parameter functions of temperature, vibration, loss and fault are measured. Investment cost is low and fiber resource is saved. And application field of the distributed fiber sensor is developed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of distributed fiberoptic sensor technology, especially relate to a kind of distribution type fiber-optic multi-parameter sensor and multi-parameter measurement method.
Background technology
Optical fiber sensing technology is to follow the development of Fibre Optical Communication Technology the seventies in 20th century and develop rapidly, is carrier with the light wave, and optical fiber is medium, the novel sensing technology of perception and the extraneous measured signal of transmission.Compare with traditional mechanical and electrical type sensor, Fibre Optical Sensor has measures advantages such as highly sensitive, wide dynamic range, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), corrosion-resistant and volume be small and exquisite.Distributed fiberoptic sensor is to use more a kind of novel Fibre Optical Sensor at present, it utilizes optical time domain reflection technology (OTDR) to realize along the parameter measurement of any point of fiber distribution, can realize the line style real time on-line monitoring in space on a large scale, satisfy people to the demand of magnanimity monitoring information.
The nineties in 20th century, the York company of Britain utilizes light time territory Raman scattering technology (ROTDR) to develop the distributed optical fiber temperature sensing system that measuring distance is 2km (DTS), feedback signal by the detection optical fiber that records: anti-Stokes light signal and Stokes light signal, bring these optical signal datas into the correlation computations formula, can draw the temperature survey parameter, realize the Temperature Distribution formula of optical fiber is measured.This product has been obtained application preferably in fields such as traffic tunnel, subway, cable fire monitoring at home at present.1998, people such as the Jaehee Park of the U.S. have reported will (Φ-OTDR) be used for experimental study (the Jaehee Park.Proc.ofSPIE of intrusion detection based on the phase sensitive optical time domain reflection technology, 1998,3555:49～56), by recording the relevant Rayleigh scattering light signal of detection optical fiber feedback, corresponding with the position of detection optical fiber vibration according to the event location that light intensity changes, the intensity variations amount is corresponding with the oscillation intensity of detection optical fiber, draw vibration position and intensity on the detection optical fiber, realized the measurement of distributed fiberoptic sensor to vibration (invasion position).1999, the Liu Hao we people of Sichuan University utilizes the relation of optical time domain reflection (OTDR) damage curve and optical fiber micro-bending, developed mixed earth Crack Monitoring sensor, feedback Rayleigh scattering light signal according to the detection optical fiber that records, draw the measurement parameter of fibre loss and fault, realized the measurement of distributed fiberoptic sensor to loss and fault.
Distributed fiberoptic sensor has obtained widespread use in fields such as electric power, petrochemical industry, traffic, building and space flight at present.But the raising along with the requirement of every profession and trade production safety, the distributed fiberoptic sensor of function singleness can not be satisfied the demand, the user is in order more fully to understand the engineering safety situation, often need simultaneously parameters such as temperature, vibration, loss and fault to be carried out comprehensive real-time monitoring, generally needing to be equipped with the different distributed fiberoptic sensor of at least two covers just can meet the demands, not only equipment investment cost is big, and has wasted a large amount of fiber resources.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of distribution type fiber-optic multi-parameter sensor, need not dispose multiple devices, just can realize the distributed measurement to temperature, vibration, loss and a plurality of parameters of fault simultaneously.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that adopts: a kind of distribution type fiber-optic multi-parameter sensor, comprise light source, light source driver module, the wavelength division multiplexer module, detection optical fiber, photodetection module and data acquisition and control circuit module, also comprise external modulator, the input end of described external modulator links to each other with the output terminal of described light source, the output terminal of described external modulator links to each other with the input end of described wavelength division multiplexer module, first output terminal of described wavelength division multiplexer module links to each other with described detection optical fiber, second output terminal of described wavelength division multiplexer module, the 3rd output terminal links to each other with three input ends of described photodetection module respectively with the 4th output terminal, the output terminal of described photodetection module links to each other with the input end of described data acquisition and control circuit module, and the output terminal of described data acquisition and control circuit module links to each other with the input end of described light source driver module.
Also be provided with the adjustable fiber amplifier of gain between described external modulator and the described wavelength division multiplexer module, the output terminal of described external modulator links to each other with the input end of described fiber amplifier, and the output terminal of described fiber amplifier links to each other with the input end of described wavelength division multiplexer module.
Described light source is narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser or narrow linewidth semiconductor laser, and described light source driver module is used for receiving the output signal of described data acquisition and control circuit module, produces the driving electric signal of Constant Electric Current signal or burst pulse.
Described external modulator is a kind of in electrooptic modulator, acousto-optic modulator, magneto-optic modulator, electroabsorption modulator and the high-speed optical switch.
Described wavelength division multiplexer module is 1 * 4 structure, have an input end and four output terminals, first output terminal of described wavelength division multiplexer module is used for pulsed light is input to described detection optical fiber, second output terminal is used for by the Rayleigh scattering light signal the same with incident wavelength or interference light signal dorsad, and the 3rd output terminal and the 4th output terminal then are used for by anti-Stokes light signal and Stokes light signal.
Described photodetection module is used for receiving the light signal of described wavelength division multiplexer module output, and converts described light signal to electric signal for subsequent acquisition.
Described data acquisition and control circuit module are used for gathering the output signal of described photodetection module.
Described detection optical fiber is multimode optical fiber or single-mode fiber.
A kind of method of using above-mentioned fibre-optical multiparameter sensor measuring optical fiber temperature, vibration, loss and a plurality of parameters of fault, it may further comprise the steps:
The step of a, measurement temperature, loss and fault:
A-1, unlatching light source driver module directly produce the driving electric signal of burst pulse, and driving light source produces the pulsed optical signals of narrow pulsewidth, wide live width;
It is logical light state that the bias voltage of a-2, adjusting laser external modulator makes it, and the pulsed optical signals that step a-1 is produced is input to the wavelength division multiplexer module behind external modulator;
A-3, the pulsed optical signals of importing among the step a-2 is input in the detection optical fiber through first output terminal of wavelength division multiplexer module, obtain the feedback signal of detection optical fiber: Rayleigh scattering light signal, anti-Stokes light signal and Stokes light signal, with the second output terminal output of Rayleigh scattering light signal by the wavelength division multiplexer module, anti-Stokes light signal and Stokes light signal are exported by third and fourth output terminal of wavelength division multiplexer module respectively;
A-4, the Rayleigh scattering light signal with exporting among the step a-3, anti-Stokes light signal and Stokes light signal are input in the photodetection module, obtain being converted into the Rayleigh scattering light V of electric signal
r, stokes light V
s, anti-Stokes light V
aOutput;
A-5, signal input data acquisition and control circuit module that step a-4 is obtained are passed through V
rDirectly draw the measurement result of fibre loss and fault; With V
sAnd V
aBring formula into
Obtain measured temperature, wherein T
0For demarcating temperature, V
s(T
0) for fiber optic temperature be T
0The time Stokes light signal strength, V
a(T
0) for fiber optic temperature be T
0The time anti-Stokes light signal strength, Δ υ is Raman frequency shift, k is Boltzmann constant, h is Planck's constant, υ
aBe anti-Stokes optical signal frequency, υ
sBe Stokes optical signal frequency, υ
a=υ
0+ Δ υ, υ
s=υ
0-Δ υ, υ
0Frequency for source emissioning light;
The step of b, measuring vibrations:
B-1, unlatching light source driver module produce the Constant Electric Current signal, and driving light source produces a stable narrow linewidth continuous light signal;
B-2, adjusting external modulator make it to be operated in the pulsed modulation state, the continuous light signal of step b-1 generation are modulated into the first input end of pulsed light incoming wave division multiplexer module by external modulator;
B-3, first output terminal of pulsed light among the step b-2 through the wavelength division multiplexer module is input in the detection optical fiber, obtains the feedback signal of detection optical fiber: relevant Rayleigh scattering light signal;
B-4, the Rayleigh scattering light signal that obtains among the step b-3 is input in the photodetection module, to repeatedly sampling by certain cycle by the Rayleigh scattering light signal after the photodetection module, analyze the situation of change of each time sampled signal, draw vibration position and intensity on the detection optical fiber.
The concrete grammar of step b-3 is: the Rayleigh scattering light signal of the i time collection is designated as V
R (i), the Rayleigh scattering light signal that the interval is gathered for m time is designated as V
R (i-m), wherein m is any positive integer in 2～8; With the input data acquisition of each time sampled signal and the control circuit module of gathering, set V
R (i)With V
R (i-m)Difference be V
Φ, pass through V
Φ=V
R (i)-V
R (i-m)Draw vibration position and intensity on the detection optical fiber.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: a kind of distribution type fiber-optic multi-parameter sensor, producing two kinds of different driving signals by the control light source driver module comes driving light source to produce two kinds of different light signals, regulate the bias voltage of external modulator then, make it to be operated in light transmission state or pulsed modulation state, obtain the pulsed light of two kinds of different live widths, the wherein a kind of wide linewidth pulses light that obtains can be realized the measurement function to fiber optic temperature, loss and fault parameter, and another kind of narrow linewidth pulsed light can be realized the measurement function to the fiber-optic vibration parameter.Produce different driving signals by light source driver module, the use of external modulator, not only realized measuring at a cover distributed fiberoptic sensor function of temperature, vibration, loss and a plurality of parameters of fault, and cost of investment is low, save fiber resource, also expanded the application of distributed fiberoptic sensor; Increase the adjustable fiber amplifier of gain, then can make signal stronger, increase precision and the reliability measured.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the distribution type fiber-optic multi-parameter sensor of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the distribution type fiber-optic multi-parameter sensor of the embodiment of the invention two;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of wavelength division multiplexer module among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the basic procedure block diagram of multi-parameter measurement method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe in further detail below in conjunction with the present invention of accompanying drawing embodiment.
Embodiment one: as shown in figures 1 and 3, a kind of distribution type fiber-optic multi-parameter sensor comprises light source 1, external modulator 2, wavelength division multiplexer module 4, detection optical fiber 5, light source driver module 6, photodetection module 7 and data acquisition and control circuit module 8.Light source 1 is narrow linewidth laser, the input end of light source 1 links to each other with the output terminal of light source driver module 6, light source driver module 6 is used for driving light source 1 and produces pulsed light or continuous light, the output terminal of light source 1 links to each other with the input end of external modulator 2, the output terminal of external modulator 2 links to each other with the input end 40 of wavelength division multiplexer module 4, wavelength division multiplexer module 4 is provided with four output terminals, wherein first output terminal 41 links to each other with an end of detection optical fiber 5, second output terminal 42, the 3rd output terminal 43 links to each other with three input ends of photodetection module 7 respectively with the 4th output terminal 44, wherein second output terminal 42 is used for by the Rayleigh scattering light the same with incident wavelength, 44 of the 3rd output terminal 43 and the 4th output terminals are used for by anti-Stokes light signal and Stokes light signal, the output terminal of photodetection module 7 links to each other with the input end of data acquisition and control circuit module 8, and the output terminal of data acquisition and control circuit module 8 links to each other with the input end of light source driver module 6.
Embodiment two: as shown in Figures 2 and 3, a kind of distribution type fiber-optic multi-parameter sensor comprises light source 1, external modulator 2, fiber amplifier 3, wavelength division multiplexer module 4, detection optical fiber 5, light source driver module 6, photodetection module 7 and data acquisition and control circuit module 8.Light source 1 is narrow linewidth laser, the input end of light source 1 links to each other with the output terminal of light source driver module 6, light source driver module 6 is used for driving light source 1 and produces pulsed light or continuous light, the output terminal of light source 1 links to each other with the input end of laser external modulator 2, the output terminal of external modulator 2 links to each other with the input end of fiber amplifier 3, the output terminal of fiber amplifier 3 links to each other with the input end 40 of wavelength division multiplexer module 4, wavelength division multiplexer module 4 is provided with four output terminals, wherein first output terminal 41 links to each other with an end of detection optical fiber 5, second output terminal 42, the 3rd output terminal 43 links to each other with three input ends of photodetection module 7 respectively with the 4th output terminal 44, wherein second output terminal 42 is used for by the Rayleigh scattering light the same with incident wavelength, 44 of the 3rd output terminal 43 and the 4th output terminals are used for by anti-Stokes light signal and Stokes light signal, the output terminal of photodetection module 7 links to each other with the input end of data acquisition and control circuit module 8, and the output terminal of data acquisition and control circuit module 8 links to each other with the input end of light source driver module 6.
The present invention adopts traditional optical time domain reflection technology (OTDR) to realize loss and the fault measuring function of optical fiber, adopt light time territory Raman scattering technology (ROTDR) to realize the temperature survey function of optical fiber, adopt that (Φ-OTDR) realizes the vibration survey function of optical fiber based on the phase sensitive optical time domain reflection technology.For realizing the vibration survey function of optical fiber, light source 1 is narrow linewidth laser, and its linewidth requirements and distributed measurement distance dependent, live width is more little, and laser coherence is more high, and attainable measuring distance is more long.The laser instrument that the present invention selects different live widths for use according to different measuring distances is as light source, when measuring distance during less than 1km laser linewidth get final product less than 500kHz, laser linewidth need be less than 5kHz when measuring distance reaches 40km.The present invention mainly produces two kinds of light signals by light source driver module 6 direct driving light sources 1, regulates external modulator 2 then, obtains the pulsed light of different live widths, thereby realizes temperature, vibration, loss and the fault measuring function of optical fiber.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 4, the method for the sensor that uses embodiments of the invention one being carried out the many reference amounts measurement specifically is described below:
In the embodiment of the invention one, light source 1 is selected EMCORE company narrow linewidth semiconductor laser for use, and its centre wavelength is that 1550nm, continuous power can reach 20mW, and when the laser instrument running hours, live width is less than 5kHz, and attainable vibration survey distance is greater than 40km; When the direct pulsed modulation of laser instrument was worked, because of the frequency chirp effect, the live width broadening can significantly improve the optical fiber stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold power to more than the 1GHz, meets Raman distributed thermometric demand; External modulator 2 is used for realizing the laser pulse of nanosecond order, and present embodiment is selected the electrooptic modulator (EOM) of U.S. JDSU company for use, and magnetic tape trailer is fine to be exported, and can realize the pulse width of 1ns～1us; Detection optical fiber 5 can be single-mode fiber.
The present invention adopts OTDR and ROTDR system to realize fiber optic temperature, loss and fault measuring function.In order to obtain the required light source of OTDR and ROTDR system, at first directly produce the driving electric signal of burst pulse by light source driver module 6, make light source 1 produce the pulsed optical signals of burst pulse, wide range, owing to light source 1 be subjected to pulse current directly modulation produces frequency chirp, the live width that light source 1 is exported pulsed optical signals from the 5kHz broadening to more than the 1GHz; The bias voltage of regulating external modulator 2 makes it be operated in logical light state, i.e. the maximum output state of luminous power.Modulation back live width is input in the detection optical fiber 5 through wavelength division multiplexer module 4 greater than the pulsed optical signals of 1GHz, because there is microinhomogeneity in optical properties such as the density of the material of detection optical fiber 5 and refractive index, the back scattering phenomenon will appear in the pulsed light of transmission in the detection optical fiber 5, the scattered light of reflection is respectively: Rayleigh scattering light, anti-Stokes light and stokes light, wherein Rayleigh scattering light is identical with lambda1-wavelength, all be 1550nm, the anti-Stokes center wavelength of light is 1450nm, the Stokes center wavelength of light is 1663nm, and wavelength division multiplexer module 4 utilizes three kinds of scattering light wavelengths different and respectively from second output terminal 42, the 3rd output terminal 43 and 44 outputs of the 4th output terminal.Photodetection module 7 is imported in data acquisition and the control circuit module 8 after respectively three road light signals being converted to electric signal, and Rayleigh scattering light is V after converting electric signal to
r, stokes light is V after converting electric signal to
s, anti-Stokes light is V after converting electric signal to
a
Rayleigh scattering light V wherein
rBe that the 0TDR system is required, utilize V
rCan finish the measurement of fibre loss and fault; And anti-Stokes light V
aWith stokes light V
sBe that the ROTDR system is required, by measuring both ratio
Can realize temperature survey, the relation of both ratio and temperature can be referring to formula (1),
T in the formula (1)
0For demarcating temperature, V
s(T
0) for fiber optic temperature be T
0The time Stokes light signal strength, V
a(T
0) for fiber optic temperature be T
0The time anti-Stokes light signal strength, Δ υ is Raman frequency shift, k is Boltzmann constant, h is Planck's constant, υ
aBe anti-Stokes optical signal frequency, υ
sBe Stokes optical signal frequency, υ
a=υ
0+ Δ υ, υ
s=υ
0-Δ υ, υ
0Be light source 1 radiative frequency.
The present invention adopts Φ-OTDR system to realize the fiber-optic vibration measurement function.Laser linewidth is 5kHz during light source 1 constant current work, satisfies long apart from the requirement of Φ-OTDR system to live width.Produce the Constant Electric Current signal by light source driver module 6, driving light source 1 produces a stable continuous light output, regulate external modulator 2, make it be operated in the pulsed modulation state, continuous light is exported after external modulator 2 is modulated into pulsed light, namely adopts the mode of external modulation to produce pulsed light, and the external modulation mode can be avoided chirp and make light source 1 when being modulated into pulsed light, live width maintenance itself is constant less than 5kHz, and the pulsed light of external modulator 2 outputs satisfies Φ-OTDR system to the demand of light source 1.Modulation back live width 5khz narrow linewidth pulsed light is input in the detection optical fiber 5 through wavelength division multiplexer module 4, because there is microinhomogeneity in optical properties such as the density of the material of detection optical fiber 5 and refractive index, the back scattering phenomenon will appear in the pulsed light of transmission in the detection optical fiber 5, the scattered light of reflection is respectively: Rayleigh scattering light, anti-Stokes light and stokes light, Φ-OTDR system only needs Rayleigh scattering light signal wherein, but Rayleigh scattering light is that live width is that the narrow linewidth of 5kHz is surveyed the light interference effect and played a major role because surveying light signal, and the Rayleigh scattering light of this moment is the Rayleigh scattering light after interfering.When disturbance takes place in the invasion position on the circuit of detection optical fiber 5, the refractive index of the relevant position of detection optical fiber 5 will change, thereby cause this place's light phase to change, because interference effect, the variation of phase place will cause that the back is to the variation of Rayleigh scattering light intensity, by the interference signal of detection variation, and utilize certain data processing method can realize vibration survey.In the present embodiment, record is V by photodetection module 7 back Rayleigh scattering light signals
r, the Rayleigh scattering light signal of the i time collection is designated as V
R (i), the Rayleigh scattering light signal that the interval is gathered for m time is designated as V
R (i-m), according to formula (2):
V
Φ＝V
r(i)-V
r(i-m)(2)
M gets 2 herein, with time sampled signal arbitrarily of collection and sampled signal input data acquisition and control circuit module with interval 2 times, the curve V that subtracts each other
ΦThe share the same light position of strong vibration of the event location that last light intensity changes is corresponding, and the intensity variations amount is corresponding with the oscillation intensity of detection optical fiber, can draw vibration position and intensity on the detection optical fiber thus.
Wherein m can get any positive integer in 2～8.
Claims (9)
1. one kind is used distribution type fiber-optic multi-parameter sensor measuring optical fiber temperature, vibration, the method of loss and a plurality of parameters of fault, it is characterized in that multi-parameter sensor comprises light source, light source driver module, the wavelength division multiplexer module, detection optical fiber, photodetection module and data acquisition and control circuit module, also comprise external modulator, the input end of described external modulator links to each other with the output terminal of described light source, the output terminal of described external modulator links to each other with the input end of described wavelength division multiplexer module, first output terminal of described wavelength division multiplexer module links to each other with described detection optical fiber, second output terminal of described wavelength division multiplexer module, the 3rd output terminal links to each other with three input ends of described photodetection module respectively with the 4th output terminal, the output terminal of described photodetection module links to each other with the input end of described data acquisition and control circuit module, the output terminal of described data acquisition and control circuit module links to each other with the input end of described light source driver module, specifically may further comprise the steps:
The step of a, measurement temperature, loss and fault:
A-1, unlatching light source driver module directly produce the driving electric signal of burst pulse, and driving light source produces the pulsed optical signals of narrow pulsewidth, wide live width;
It is logical light state that the bias voltage of a-2, adjusting external modulator makes it, and the pulsed optical signals that step a-1 is produced is input to the wavelength division multiplexer module behind external modulator;
A-3, the pulsed optical signals of importing among the step a-2 is input in the detection optical fiber through first output terminal of wavelength division multiplexer module, obtain the feedback signal of detection optical fiber: Rayleigh scattering light signal, anti-Stokes light signal and Stokes light signal, with the second output terminal output of Rayleigh scattering light signal by the wavelength division multiplexer module, anti-Stokes light signal and Stokes light signal are exported by third and fourth output terminal of wavelength division multiplexer module respectively;
A-4, the Rayleigh scattering light signal with exporting among the step a-3, anti-Stokes light signal and Stokes light signal are input in the photodetection module, obtain being converted into the Rayleigh scattering light V of electric signal
r, stokes light V
s, anti-Stokes light V
aOutput;
A-5, signal input data acquisition and control circuit module that step a-4 is obtained are passed through V
rDirectly draw the measurement result of fibre loss and fault; With V
sAnd V
aBring formula into
Obtain measured temperature, wherein T
0For demarcating temperature, V
s(T
0) for fiber optic temperature be T
0The time Stokes light signal strength, V
a(T
0) for fiber optic temperature be T
0The time anti-Stokes light signal strength, Δ υ is Raman frequency shift, k is Boltzmann constant, h is Planck's constant, υ
aBe anti-Stokes optical signal frequency, υ
sBe Stokes optical signal frequency, υ
a=υ
0+ Δ υ, υ
s=υ
0-Δ υ, υ
0Frequency for source emissioning light;
The step of b, measuring vibrations:
B-1, unlatching light source driver module produce the Constant Electric Current signal, and driving light source produces a stable narrow linewidth continuous light signal;
B-2, adjusting external modulator make it to be operated in the pulsed modulation state, the continuous light signal of step b-1 generation are modulated into the first input end of pulsed light incoming wave division multiplexer module by external modulator;
B-3, first output terminal of pulsed light among the step b-2 through the wavelength division multiplexer module is input in the detection optical fiber, obtains the feedback signal of detection optical fiber: relevant Rayleigh scattering light signal;
B-4, the Rayleigh scattering light signal that obtains among the step b-3 is input in the photodetection module, to repeatedly sampling by certain cycle by the Rayleigh scattering light signal after the photodetection module, analyze the situation of change of each time sampled signal, draw vibration position and intensity on the detection optical fiber.
2. measuring method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the concrete grammar of step b-4 is: the Rayleigh scattering light signal of the i time collection is designated as V
R (i), the Rayleigh scattering light signal that the interval is gathered for m time is designated as V
R (i-m), wherein m is any positive integer in 2～8; With the input data acquisition of each time sampled signal and the control circuit module of gathering, set V
R (i)With V
R (i-m)Difference be V
Φ, pass through V
Φ=V
R (i)-V
R (i-m)Draw vibration position and intensity on the detection optical fiber.
3. measuring method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described light source is narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser or narrow linewidth semiconductor laser, described light source driver module is used for receiving the output signal of described data acquisition and control circuit module, produces the driving electric signal of Constant Electric Current signal or burst pulse.
4. measuring method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described external modulator is a kind of in electrooptic modulator, acousto-optic modulator, magneto-optic modulator, electroabsorption modulator and the high-speed optical switch.
5. measuring method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described wavelength division multiplexer module is 1 * 4 structure, have an input end and four output terminals, first output terminal of described wavelength division multiplexer module is used for pulsed light is input to described detection optical fiber, second output terminal is used for by the Rayleigh scattering light signal the same with incident wavelength or interference light signal dorsad, and the 3rd output terminal and the 4th output terminal then are used for by anti-Stokes light signal and Stokes light signal.
6. measuring method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that also being provided with between described external modulator and the described wavelength division multiplexer module the adjustable fiber amplifier of gain, the output terminal of described external modulator links to each other with the input end of described fiber amplifier, and the output terminal of described fiber amplifier links to each other with the input end of described wavelength division multiplexer module.
7. a kind of measuring method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described photodetection module is used for receiving the light signal of described wavelength division multiplexer module output, and converts described light signal to electric signal for subsequent acquisition.
8. a kind of measuring method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described data acquisition and control circuit module are used for gathering the output signal of described photodetection module.
9. a kind of measuring method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described detection optical fiber is multimode optical fiber or single-mode fiber.
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