CN102211394B - 用于聚合物熔体脱挥发分的多轴螺旋机器 - Google Patents

用于聚合物熔体脱挥发分的多轴螺旋机器 Download PDF

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CN102211394B
CN102211394B CN201110090643.6A CN201110090643A CN102211394B CN 102211394 B CN102211394 B CN 102211394B CN 201110090643 A CN201110090643 A CN 201110090643A CN 102211394 B CN102211394 B CN 102211394B
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C·尤里奇
F·莱希纳
J·舍弗尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于聚合物熔体脱挥发分的多轴螺旋机器(1)，具有至少一个带相应脱挥发分单元(40，41)的脱挥发分装置(38，39)，所述脱挥发分单元从壳体(2)到轴(16)在壳体孔(12)中延伸，并且设计成使得聚合物熔体的表面积在脱挥发分单元(40，41)上增大。将脱挥发分单元(40，41)集成在多轴螺旋机器(1)中明显增大了脱挥发分区(30，31)中的脱挥发分性能，其中多轴螺旋机器(1)的结构保持简单。

Description

用于聚合物熔体脱挥发分的多轴螺旋机器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于脱除聚合物熔体挥发成分(聚合物熔体脱挥发分)的多轴螺旋机器(multi-shaftscrewmachine)，包括壳体，所述壳体具有多个壳体部并且在所述壳体中形成至少两个壳体孔，所述至少两个壳体孔彼此平行并且穿透彼此；至少两个轴，所述至少两个轴同心地布置在壳体孔中并且能绕相关的转动轴线被以可转动方式驱动；用于处理聚合物熔体的多个处理元件，所述多个处理元件沿相应转动轴线的方向非转动地前后布置在所述至少两个轴上并且彼此紧密啮合；以及至少一个用于脱除聚合物熔体中所含挥发性组分的脱挥发分装置。
背景技术
聚合物熔体脱挥发分以改进聚合物质量在塑性材料工业生产中是常见的。挥发性组分例如单体、低聚物、聚合所需辅助材料以及有损该聚合物质量的不期望有的副产物被从聚合物熔体脱除。举例来说典型的辅助材料为溶剂或悬浮剂。通过脱挥发分尤其可以使得光学和机械性能获得改进。
由US6,024,479A已知用于高度脱除聚合物熔体的挥发成分的挤出设备。该挤出设备包括一主挤出机和通入该主挤出机的两个二级挤出机，由此，在该主挤出机的一蒸发区域中产生的气流被分为至少三部分气流，它们之后从所述挤出机排出。该挤出设备的缺点是技术支出因为要求的螺旋式机器或挤出机的数量而很高。
发明内容
本发明的目的基于提供一种用于聚合物熔体脱挥发分的多轴螺旋机器，其中以简单的结构实现高脱挥发分产量。
所述目的通过一种多轴螺旋机器来实现，其中所述至少一个脱挥发分装置具有脱挥发分单元，所述脱挥发分单元从壳体到轴延伸到壳体孔中，所述脱挥发分单元设计成，使得聚合物熔体的表面积在脱挥发分单元上增大。根据本发明认识到，如果在多轴螺旋机器的处理部件中的材料流或聚合物熔体流被分成多个更小的材料流或聚合物熔体流，则可以在低耗费下实现高脱挥发分输出，因为聚合物熔体的表面积与体积之比由此被极大地增加，进而挥发性组分可以容易地离开聚合物熔体。通过在壳体孔中从壳体延伸到轴的脱挥发分单元将材料流分开，使得聚合物熔体——由于多轴螺旋机器沿输送方向的强制输送——被输送经过脱挥发分单元或穿过脱挥发分单元。因为脱挥发分单元设计成，使得材料流在被引导经过或穿过脱挥发单元时在脱挥发分单元前被分成多个较小的材料流，所以实现希望的表面增大以及挥发性组分的脱除。由于脱挥发分单元直接布置在多轴螺旋机器的处理部件中，所述至少一个脱挥发分装置被集成在多轴螺旋机器中，因此其结构保持简单。多轴螺旋机器优选设计成紧密啮合的、共同旋转的双轴螺旋式机器。
利用多轴螺旋机器，按照要求，可以将高、中或低份额的挥发性或低分子组分例如单体、低聚物或溶剂从聚合物熔体中脱除。这一点也适用于，特别是，高粘度和/或剪切敏感的聚合物或聚合物熔体。聚合物熔体可以是聚合物溶液或聚合物悬浮液。待脱除的挥发性组分例如是单体、低聚物、辅助材料，特别是悬浮剂和溶剂以及不希望的副产物和反应产物。特别是当利用夹带剂进行脱挥发分时也实现了高脱挥发分产量。
其中脱挥发分单元布置在两个壳体部之间的多轴螺旋机器结构简单并且易于组装，因为脱挥发分单元以简单的方式布置并紧固在两个壳体部之间。
板状的脱挥发分单元易于制造和组装。另外，具有相应构型的脱挥发分单元允许将材料流分成大量较小的材料流并且与之相关地明显增大材料或聚合物熔体的表面。脱挥发分单元优选设计成具有大量熔体通孔的滤板，通过所述熔体通孔可以强制输送聚合物熔体。
具有至少两个轴通孔用以引导所述至少两个轴的脱挥发分单元在轴与壳体之间的整个区域中延伸，从而确保材料流被专门地分成明显更小的材料流。因为所述至少两个轴通孔的直径仅略大于轴的直径，所以在轴的区域中避免较大的材料流。从而确保高脱挥发分输出。
这样的脱挥发分单元带来高脱挥发分输出，换言之被脱除的挥发性组分的高份额，该脱挥发分单元具有多个熔体通孔用以引导聚合物熔体，在所述至少两个轴与所述壳体之间的区域中的所述熔体通孔基本上以每单位面积相同数量布置。例如，当使用滤板时，经过处理元件脊部的以及穿过拱肩(interstice)区域的材料流减少并且实现通过滤板的熔体通孔或滤器孔的材料或聚合物熔体的强制输送。
其中所述至少一个脱挥发分装置具有形成在所述壳体部之一中的脱挥发分口的多轴螺旋机器构造简单，因为脱挥发分口集成在壳体部之一中。因此，脱挥发分单元本身不必具有自己的脱挥发分口。
其中脱挥发分口沿聚合物熔体的输送方向布置在相关脱挥发分单元下游的多轴螺旋机器确保简单地从壳体除去被脱除的组分。因为脱挥发分装置设计成正向脱挥发分装置，所以挥发性组分可以在蒸发后直接离开并且不必反向流动通过脱挥发分单元。
其中多个——特别是以相同方式设计的——脱挥发分装置连同相应相关的脱挥发分单元沿聚合物熔体的输送方向彼此前后布置的多轴螺旋机器允许脱挥发分输出适应于待脱挥发分的聚合物熔体。如所需的，根据本发明的多个脱挥发分装置可以沿输送方向彼此前后布置。各脱挥发分装置优选以相同方式设计。在相同类型的脱挥发分装置中，熔体通孔的数量、尺寸、形状和/或间距可改变。
其中沿输送方向捏和元件直接布置在所述脱挥发分单元的上游而螺旋元件直接布置在所述脱挥发分单元的下游作为处理元件的多轴螺旋机器确保了，通过脱挥发分单元输送的聚合物熔体被下游的螺旋元件迅速除去并且不会淤塞在脱挥发分单元后。因此，在脱挥发分单元后提供了用于被分割的材料流的充分自由空间，使得挥发性组分可以有效蒸发。
其中脱挥发分单元刚性连接到相邻壳体部的多轴螺旋机器允许简单地紧固脱挥发分单元。例如，设计成滤板的脱挥发分单元通过壳体部法兰直接连接到所述壳体部。
脱挥发分单元在壳体部的凹部——该凹部特别是形成在壳体部的上游侧——中的布置结构防止多轴螺旋机器在转动轴线的方向上变长。由于该凹部，脱挥发分单元被集成到壳体部中或集成到两个相邻的壳体部中。结果，壳体部可以按常规方式彼此连接，使得集成到壳体部中并且沿转动轴线方向延伸的孔可以按常规方式彼此连接，从而例如形成冷却通道。脱挥发分单元优选完全布置在壳体部的凹部中，使得两个相邻的壳体部中仅有一个必须具有凹部。所述凹部优选形成在壳体部的上游侧，使得材料流或聚合物熔体将脱挥发分单元压入该壳体部中。替代地，脱挥发分单元可布置在两个相邻壳体部的两个凹部中。
具有单一部件构型的脱挥发分单元易于制造。
具有多部件构型、特别是具有两件式构型以使轴通孔各自以一半布置在两个脱挥发分单元部件中的脱挥发分单元易于组装，因为在组装时不必越过整个轴推动脱挥发分单元部件。脱挥发分单元优选被分成两半，使得轴通孔总是以一半布置在两个脱挥发分单元部件中。这样，通过在希望的位置处安放在一起，脱挥发分单元部件便可以被简单组装。脱挥发分单元部件优选彼此贴靠密封，使得不会在脱挥发分单元的分离位置处产生材料流。脱挥发分单元部件可以简单的方式沿径向方向被推到处理部件中。
其中脱挥发分单元可更换地布置在一紧固在两个壳体部之间的框架中的多轴螺旋机器可以容易地适应于待脱挥发分的聚合物熔体。由于多部件式脱挥发分单元布置在一位于两个相邻的壳体部之间的框架中，所述框架可以被简单迅速地更换。结果，例如，具有不同数量和/或不同尺寸的熔体通孔的脱挥发分单元可以灵活地应用于多轴螺旋机器中。
附图说明
本发明的其它特征、优点和细节由以下对多个实施例的描述得出。
图1示出根据第一实施例的双轴螺旋式机器的轴向剖视图，其具有在输送方向上前后布置的多个脱挥发分装置，
图2示出图1中的脱挥发分装置中的一个的放大视图，
图3示出图2中的脱挥发分装置的平面图，
图4示出在脱挥发分装置的区域中沿图2中的剖面线IV-IV的剖视图，
图5示出根据第二实施例的脱挥发分装置的按照图2的放大视图，
图6示出在脱挥发分装置的区域中沿图5中的剖面线VI-VI的剖视图，
图7示出根据第三实施例的脱挥发分装置的按照图2的放大视图，以及
图8示出在脱挥发分装置的区域中沿图7中的剖面线VIII-VIII的剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面参照图1～4描述本发明的第一实施例。一双轴螺旋式机器1具有一壳体2，该壳体包括多个彼此前后布置的壳体部3～9，其被称为壳体段。壳体段3～9各自在端部处具有法兰10、11，通过所述法兰使壳体部3～9彼此连接以形成壳体2。
在壳体2中形成两个彼此平行并穿透彼此的壳体孔12、13，所述壳体孔在截面中具有水平“8”字的形状。在壳体孔12、13的穿透区域中，壳体部3～9具有所谓的拱肩14、15。
在壳体孔12、13中同心布置有两个轴16、17，所述轴可以绕相关转动轴线19、20被驱动马达18以可旋转方式驱动。在轴16、17和驱动马达18之间布置有分动传动机构21，而在驱动马达18与分动传动机构21之间又布置有离合器22。轴16、17绕转动轴线19、20沿相同方向被驱动，换言之沿相同的旋转方向23、24被驱动。
在第一壳体部3上相邻分动传动机构21布置一形式为料斗的供料装置25，通过供料装置可以将待制备的塑性材料或待脱挥发分的聚合物熔体引入壳体孔12、13中。在输送方向26上将聚合物熔体穿过壳体2从第一壳体部3输送到最后的壳体部9，并使之通过封闭壳体2的喷嘴板27、28离开螺旋式机器1。
螺旋式机器1在输送方向26上前后布置有供给区29、第一脱挥发分区30、第二脱挥发分区31和建压区32。在设计成带齿轴的轴16、17上各自在输送方向26上依次布置有彼此成对关联的第一螺旋元件33、第一盘状捏和元件34、第二螺旋元件35、第二盘状捏和元件36和第三螺旋元件37作为处理元件。在轴16、17上相邻布置的螺旋元件33、35和37以及捏和元件34和36彼此接合，换言之成对地紧密啮合。
在脱挥发分区30、31中各自布置有脱挥发分装置38、39，所述脱挥发分装置用于脱除位于壳体孔12、13中的聚合物熔体的挥发成分。脱挥发分装置38、39具有相关联的板状脱挥发分单元40、41，所述脱挥发分单元布置在相应相邻的壳体部5、6或7、8之间并且与其法兰10、11螺纹连接。因此，从壳体2到轴16、17，脱挥发分单元40、41延伸到壳体孔12、13的整个自由区域中。为脱除聚合物熔体的挥发成分，脱挥发分单元40、41设计成，使得聚合物熔体的表面积在(聚合物熔体)被输送经过相应脱挥发分单元40、41时增大。为此目的，脱挥发分单元40、41设计成所谓的滤板，其具有大量熔体通孔42用以引导聚合物熔体穿过并且划分聚合物熔体。脱挥发分单元40、41的熔体通孔42围绕相应的轴通孔43、44布置，通过所述轴通孔引导轴16、17。因此，轴通孔43、44相对于转动轴线19、20同心布置并且是圆的。轴通孔43、44的直径仅略大于轴16、17的直径。
脱挥发分装置38、39设计成正向脱挥发分装置并且各自具有一脱挥发分口45、46，所述脱挥发分口形成在沿输送方向26布置在下游的壳体部6或8中。原则上脱挥发分装置38、39构造成相同，但是脱挥发分单元40、41也可能在相应熔体通孔42的数量、尺寸、形状和/或间距方面不同。因为聚合物熔体随脱挥发分的增加而变得更粘，脱挥发分单元41的熔体通孔42可设计成特别是大于脱挥发分单元40的熔体通孔。然而，在两个轴16、17与壳体之间的区域中，换言之，在壳体孔12、13的自由区域中，每个脱挥发分单元40、41都优选具有每单位面积相同的数量的熔体通孔42。脱挥发分单元40、41具有单一部件构型。
脱挥发分单元40、41各自布置在捏和元件34或36与螺旋元件35或37之间，捏和元件34或36沿输送方向26直接布置在相应脱挥发分单元40、41的上游，而螺旋元件35或37直接布置在相应脱挥发分单元的下游。在相应脱挥发分单元40、41前的聚合物熔体的表面积持续地被捏和元件34或36改变。在相应脱挥发分单元40、41后的聚合物熔体被螺旋元件35或37迅速向前输送，使得在相应脱挥发分单元40、41之后产生足够的自由空间，使挥发性组分能够蒸发并且通过脱挥发分口45、46离开。
以如下方式组装螺旋式机器1，使得壳体部3～5和轴16、17连同布置在其上的处理元件33、34首先被组装。然后将带轴通孔43、44的脱挥发分单元40推到轴16、17的端部上并且逆着输送方向26推到壳体部5并固定在壳体部5上。然后，从轴16、17的端部组装壳体部6和7及相关的处理元件35、36，将壳体部6刚性连接到脱挥发分单元40。以相应的方式组装脱挥发分单元41、壳体部8、9和处理元件37。
螺旋式机器1用来脱挥发分液态聚合物熔体。聚合物熔体可包括聚合物溶液和聚合物悬浮液。聚合物熔体从一聚合反应器供应到螺旋式机器1并且包含大量不期望有的低分子或挥发性组分例如未反应单体，低聚物，聚合所需的辅助材料，特别是悬浮剂或溶剂，和/或副产物或反应产物。
通过供料装置25将聚合物熔体供给到螺旋式机器1，并且通过螺旋元件33和捏和元件34将聚合物熔体输送到脱挥发分装置38。通过捏和元件34连续地改变聚合物熔体的表面积。由此带来的能量损失可通过捏和元件34引回聚合物熔体。因为强制输送，聚合物熔体被抑制通过脱挥发分单元40的熔体通孔42，使得聚合物熔体流被分成多个较小的聚合物熔体流。因此，在脱挥发分单元40后的自由空间中产生大量的聚合物熔体分流(strand)，其具有比经过脱挥发分单元40之前的聚合物熔体更大的表面积。由于被改变并且增大的表面积，低分子或挥发性组分可以离开聚合物熔体并且经脱挥发分口45从脱挥发分装置38或壳体2逸出。聚合物熔体的粘性因组分逸出而增大。因此，聚合物熔体变得更粘。
更粘的聚合物熔体通过螺旋元件35被输送给捏和元件36，该捏和元件又连续地改变聚合物熔体的表面积。由此带来的能量损失可以通过捏和元件36被引回聚合物熔体。因为强制输送，聚合物熔体被压过脱挥发分单元41的熔体通孔42，从而，与脱挥发分单元40一致，聚合物熔体的表面积被改变并增大，使得另外的挥发性组分离开聚合物熔体并经脱挥发分口46选出。
通过集成到处理部件中的脱挥发分装置38、39或脱挥发分单元40、41实现了脱挥发分产量的明显改进，材料和组装的附加费用比较小。
下面参照图5和6来描述本发明的第二实施例。相同结构的部件具有与第一实施例相同的附图标记，并参照对其进行的说明。具有相同功能的结构不同的部件具有相同的附图标记，后跟有字母a。与第一实施例不同，脱挥发分装置38a、39a的脱挥发分单元40a、41a集成在壳体部6a、8a中。为此目的，在上游侧、换言之面向壳体部5、7的一侧，壳体部6a、8a具有凹部47、48，脱挥发分单元40a、41a完全布置在所述凹部中并且在端部处齐平。壳体部5和6a以及壳体部7和8a通过相应的法兰10、11彼此直接连接。因为脱挥发分单元40a、41a被集成，所以螺旋式机器1的长度在转动轴线19、20的方向上不增大。另外，在壳体部3～9中沿转动轴线19、20方向延伸的孔、例如用于形成冷却通道的孔，可以按常规方式彼此紧密连接。不必引导这些孔穿过脱挥发分单元40a、41a。关于进一步的组装以及功能模式参见第一实施例。
下面参照图7和8来描述本发明的第三实施例。相同结构的部件具有与以上实施例相同的附图标记，并参照对其进行的说明。具有相同功能的结构不同的部件具有相同的附图标记，后跟有字母b。与上述实施例的重要区别在于，脱挥发分装置38b、39b的脱挥发分单元40b、41b可更换地布置在各自相关联的框架49、50中。框架49、50布置在壳体部5和6或壳体部7和8之间，并且通过相应的法兰10、11刚性连接在壳体部5和6或壳体部7和8上。为更换脱挥发分单元40b、41b，它们具有两件式构型并且被对半分成两个结构相同的脱挥发分部件51、52。由于这种分割，轴通孔43、44对半布置在脱挥发分单元部件51、52中。框架49、50的组装对应于第一实施例中的脱挥发分单元40、41的组装来进行。然后，将脱挥发分单元40b、41b或者说其脱挥发分单元部件51、52沿径向推入相关联的框架49、50中并固定在所述相关联框架上，使得用于聚合物熔体的脱挥发分单元部件51、52彼此紧密贴靠。根据待脱挥发分的聚合物熔体，使用不同的脱挥发分单元40b、41b，它们可以在熔体通孔42的数量、尺寸、形状以及间距方面不同。关于进一步的组装以及进一步的功能模式参见以上实施例。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于聚合物熔体脱挥发分的多轴螺旋机器，包括：
-壳体(2b)，所述壳体具有多个壳体部(3～9)并且在所述壳体中形成至少两个壳体孔(12，13)，所述至少两个壳体孔彼此平行并且穿透彼此；
-至少两个轴(16，17)，所述至少两个轴同心地布置在所述壳体孔(12，13)中并且能绕相关的转动轴线(19，20)以可转动方式被驱动；
-用于处理聚合物熔体的多个处理元件(33～37)，所述多个处理元件沿相应转动轴线(19，20)的方向以非转动方式前后布置在所述至少两个轴(16，17)上并且彼此紧密啮合；以及
-多个用于脱除聚合物熔体中所含挥发性组分的脱挥发分装置(38b，39b)，
其中，
-所述多个脱挥发分装置(38b，39b)沿聚合物熔体的输送方向(26)彼此前后布置，并且每个所述脱挥发分装置(38b，39b)都具有相应相关的形成在所述壳体部(6，8)之一中的脱挥发分口(45，46)，
其特征在于，
--每个所述脱挥发分装置(38b，39b)都具有相应的脱挥发分单元(40b，41b)，所述相应的所述脱挥发分单元(40b，41b)设计成板状的滤板、从所述壳体(2b)到所述轴(16，17)在所述壳体孔(12，13)中延伸，
--相应的滤板(40b，41b)具有所述至少两个轴(16，17)被引导穿过其中的至少两个轴通孔(43，44)，
--相应的滤板(40b，41b)具有多个熔体通孔(42)用以引导聚合物熔体穿过，使得聚合物熔体的表面积在相应的所述滤板(40b，41b)上增大，
在输送方向(26)上，盘状捏和元件(34，36)直接布置在相应的滤板(40b，41b)的上游而螺旋元件(35，37)直接布置在相应的滤板的下游作为处理元件，
其中，相应的所述滤板(40b，41b)布置在两个壳体部(5，6，7，8)之间，
相应的所述滤板(40b，41b)具有两件式构型，使得所述轴通孔(43，44)各自对半布置在滤板(40b，41b)的两个部件(51，52)中，
相应的所述滤板(40b，41b)可更换地布置在框架(49，50)中，所述框架紧固在两个壳体部(5，6，7，8)之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多轴螺旋机器，其特征在于，在所述至少两个轴(16，17)与所述壳体(2b)之间的区域中的所述熔体通孔(42)基本上以每单位面积相同数量布置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多轴螺旋机器，其特征在于，所述脱挥发分口(45，46)沿聚合物熔体的输送方向(26)布置在相关的所述滤板(40b，41b)的下游。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多轴螺旋机器，其特征在于，所述脱挥发分装置(38b，39b)以相同方式设计。
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EP2374601A1 (de) 2011-10-12
ES2432156T3 (es) 2013-12-02

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