CN102186943B - 用于防尘和限制水分重新吸收的组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种组合物,该组合物便于通过在一种环境中将其施加于硬表面,在该环境中减少粉尘,或者将粉尘分散到该环境中的现象减至最少。所述组合物便于立即减少粉尘和消除容易随时间推移而发生的水分吸收在表面上的情况。本发明可用于容易在储存和运输过程中产生粉尘和吸收水分的开采的矿物或者合成的材料,因此,所述组合物可以供更安全的环境以及更久的产品储存之用。
Description
著作权说明
本专利文件的内容的一部分包含或者可能包含受著作权保护的材料。著作权所有人不反对任何人对完全为美国专利商标局专利文档或记录中呈现的形式的专利文件或专利内容进行影印复制,但在其它情况下均保留所有著作权。
技术领域
本发明涉及防尘产品的制造,所述产品在一段时间内表现出抑制残留粉尘的能力。本发明揭示了一种组合物和方法,用来将所述产品施涂于某一表面,以提供防尘,而且还便于在固化过程之后抑制残留粉尘。本发明不仅显示了初始的和残留的粉尘抑制,而且还限制了在储存和运输过程中对水分重新吸收。
背景技术
本发明描述了一种组合物,该组合物可以用于表面上的防尘,能够特别有效地用于矿物开采,加工和储存环境。所述产品能够有效地用于采矿方面,因为该产品还能够在矿物储存和运输过程中减少水分的重新吸收。另外,本发明还涉及与减尘和长期防尘有关的组合物的使用方法。
本发明可以用于防尘,其中,固体选自煤,净煤,矾土,铁矿,铜矿,砂,砂砾,粘土,泥土,磷酸盐岩,铅/锌,铁燧岩,铍,天然碱,高岭土,二氧化钛,铀,贵金属等。在用于防尘的全部表面上可以存在一种以上的固体。
抑制粉尘是指降低微细的固体颗粒材料变成悬浮在空气中的程度。很多种材料,例如煤、硫、磷酸盐、粘土、钾碱和其他微细的矿石和矿物,在采矿、运输、储存和使用过程中的输送和装卸操作条件下都会产生粉尘。在煤的开采、装卸和储存操作条件下,粉尘会带来特别严重的安全和健康危害。煤经常会由于风雨的作用、运输过程中移动的摩擦运动以及装卸过程中的磨损而变成小块碎屑。可吸入的煤粉的粒度约小于10微米,吸入这些煤粉,可能会导致肺尘症,即″黑肺病″。另外,当粉尘被限制在很小的空间内,例如煤开采操作条件下的空间的时候,可能会由于自燃而发生粉尘爆炸。
已知可以通过喷洒各种包含化学添加剂的水性体系在矿山中抑制粉尘,以改善工作环境和降低毒物危害和爆炸危险。例如,美国专利第4,425,252号描述了一种在水性配方中使用阴离子型表面活性剂(优选是十二烷基苯磺酸钠)和非离子型表面活性剂(优选聚乙氧基化的壬基酚)减少煤粉的方法。所述方法包括在煤粉区域喷洒含水的配制物,所述配制物包含最高0.1重量%的阴离子型表面活性剂(即烷基芳基磺酸的水溶性盐)与HLB为10-16的非离子型表面活性剂的混合物。最佳的是,所述混合物包含一种或多种助溶剂,所述助溶剂一般是亚烷基二醇单烷基醚,C2-C5链烷醇类,以及它们的混合物。
另外,人们使用用来抑制煤粉的可发泡组合物开发了一些技术。例如,美国专利第4,551,261号描述了一种泡沫,其包含水,发泡剂,以及不溶于水的弹性聚合物。据描述,很多种阴离子型和非离子型表面活性剂和洗涤剂润湿剂是有用的发泡剂,很多种弹性体的且非水溶性合成的有机聚合物粘合剂是有用的不溶于水的弹性聚合物。
美国专利第4,971,720号涉及一种使用发泡剂抑制粉尘工艺排放物的方法,所述发泡剂可以是选自脂肪酸盐、烷基硫酸盐和烷基芳基磺酸盐的低耐盐性表面活性剂。
美国专利第4,561,905号描述了一种稀释和发泡的乳液形式的油、水和表面活性剂的抑制煤粉的混合物。然后将所述泡沫喷洒在落下的煤块上。据描述,适合使用的油是重质工艺用油,包括溶解在中等重质油中的沥青,残余冲洗油或较高粘度的燃料油。优选的油在38℃的粘度约为600-7,000SUS,倾点约为-18℃至21℃,分子量至少为300,沸点至少为204℃。
美国专利第4,944,892号讲述了一种水性组合物,该组合物包含线型伯醇乙氧基化物表面活性剂,合适的有香味的油(例如松油或者柠檬油)和水,以及其它的助剂。
美国专利第4,929,278号揭示了一种水性浴的制剂,其包含香精油,例如橙皮油,橙油,柠檬油等。另外,所述浴制剂包含皂或表面活性剂,皂或表面活性剂可以包括直链烷基苯磺酸盐,烷基硫酸酯,烷基醚硫酸酯等等。
美国专利第3,367,878号显示了一种组合物,该组合物包含20.2重量%的水,1.0重量%的松油,1.8重量%的二甲苯磺酸钠表面活性剂。
美国专利第4,175,062号讲述了一种水性组合物,该组合物包含7.5重量%的十二烷基苯磺酸钠,0.8重量%的松油和其他助剂。
日本专利第44,495号揭示了一种水性组合物,该组合物包含20重量%的月桂基苯磺酸钠和1重量%的D-苎烯,以及其它的助剂。
因此,人们已经开发了各种技术,特别是在矿物开采中抑制粉尘和防尘,这些技术中有许多技术能够有效地减少粉尘。但是,人们仍然需要对抑制粉尘进行改进。对于微细的矿物和矿石开采,在不需要解决与现代采矿习惯作法有关的问题的情况下开发了许多现有技术。
定义
运输组分(载体油,用来运输其它试剂)
这些烃类载体油是从石油原油提取的(例如:气味小的石蜡溶剂,Escaid 110溶剂Exxon,矿物油)。这些油也可以来自作物来源,例如源自玉米或大豆的生物柴油。也可以采用其它的作物来源,本发明不限于此。
分散剂(帮助有效地覆盖表面)
这些材料可以源自天然来源或者合成来源(例如:橙油,松油,香精油,萜烯,阳离子型、非离子型、阳离子型和阴离子型乙氧基化表面活性剂材料及其混合物)。
表面改性剂(弹性体)
此种材料是任何能够增大配制物胶粘性的物质,例如源自橡胶来源的材料,可以是天然的(天然胶乳,联合碳化物公司(Union Carbide),NC-358)或合成的(聚异戊二烯悬浮体,Kraton IR401)。
偶联剂(帮助均匀混合)
这些材料源自天然来源,例如大豆和其他作物。这些是磷脂(例如:ALC,Alcotec S,美国卵磷脂公司(American Lecithin Company))。
发明内容
本发明描述了以下关键方面:
1.本发明的一个优点是提供提高的防尘性。
2.本发明的一个优点是限制水分的重新吸收。
3.本发明的一个优点是提供抑制残留粉尘。
4.提供了一种在储存或运输过程中防尘的方法。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种防尘组合物,其由有效量的运输组分、分散剂和表面改性剂组成。该组合物用于很多种表面之上,在开放或封闭环境中有助于减尘。
所述防尘组合物还可以包含偶联剂,所述偶联剂可以使得组合物更均匀,从而有助于改进组合物的整体外观。所述偶联剂可以是表面活性剂,优选一种或多种磷脂。
所述组合物包含运输组分,所述运输组分可以是合成油或天然油的混合物。优选的运输组分是以下物质的一种或多种:生物柴油,矿物油,气味小的石蜡溶剂,Escaid 110溶剂Exxon和石蜡油。所述组合物还可以包含固化控制剂,其可以用来控制固化时间,这样固化时间可以根据表面和环境而变化。
所述组合物的分散剂组分优选是以下物质的一种或多种:橙油,松油,香精油,萜烯,阳离子型乙氧基化物,非离子型乙氧基化物,丙氧基化物和阴离子型乙氧基化物。
所述组合物的表面改性剂可以源自天然来源,例如天然胶乳,或者源自合成来源,例如聚异戊二烯悬浮体。
所述防尘组合物包含以下含量范围的组分:50-98%的运输组分,0.05-10%的分散剂,0.05-20%的表面改性剂以及0.1-50%的偶联剂。所述防尘组合物优选包含以下含量范围的组分:80-98%的运输组分,0.5-2%的分散剂,0.5-5%的表面改性剂以及5-20%的偶联剂。
本发明还包括使用所述防尘组合物的方法,在此方法中,将有效量的所述防尘组合物施涂到表面上,从而便于立即除去粉尘颗粒,并且长期保持有效。使用适当设计的喷涂棒或施涂器件施涂所述组合物。施涂有效量的组合物,以抑制储存或运输的表面的残留粉尘,以及在储存和运输过程中防止水分重新吸收。所述组合物可以用于很多种表面,这些表面包括但不限于开采的矿物,合成的干材料,道路,煤,钾碱和/或磷酸盐。
实施例
参看以下实施例可以更好地理解上述内容,以下实施例是用来说明实施本发明的方法,不用来限制本发明的范围。
应当理解,对本领域技术人员显而易见的是,可以对本文所述的目前优选的实施方式进行各种改变和改良。可以在不偏离本发明精神和范围的前提下,并且在不减少本发明预期优点的情况下,进行这些改变和改良。因此我们的意图是所附的权利要求书包括了这些变化和改良。
使用降落箱设备进行了这些测试,用实验说明了要求保护的本发明的防尘效果。降落箱设备的大部分是空心的铝片,在设备的顶部有一块可移动的钢板,从此处加载样品;在底部具有一个检测系统,其由激光器、电源、检测器以及清洁所需的可拆卸片组成。所述系统设置在底座上,所述底座具有插入件,所述插入件配合铝部件内部。以下显示了实施例中用来评价样品的测试步骤。
样品制备
使用该器件仅能测试干样品。
如果需要的话,在装了钢球的陶瓷容器中,将材料研磨成粉尘。将许多球放入装有待测材料的陶瓷容器中,使其滚动预定的时间。然后使得颗粒通过#30筛网筛分,分离掉较大的颗粒。
然后,所述材料在180℉的烘箱内,在合适的温度加热1小时(如果需要的话)。
仍在烘箱内(如果需要的话),在粉尘上施加适量的防尘剂,并完全混合。
然后使得用防尘剂配制的粉尘材料冷却至室温,然后在降落箱设备中进行测试。
取样步骤:
接通降落箱检测系统,开启数据获取系统。
使用磁铁将钢盘固定在水平位置。
在下摆盘上加载预定量的样品(样品量5-15g)。
从HyperTerminal收集数据。
通过与检测系统相连开始试验。
正式开始记录光密度。
现在,检测器将测定光散射量-时间关系。
首先检测基线,以确保激光场内无污染物。
在设定基线之后,可以除去磁铁,使得样品在设备中下落,导致光密度增大。
在预定时间之后,停止收集数据。
实施例1:(细无水钾镁钒标样)
样品Y:98%运输组分,1%分散剂和1%表面改性剂。
样品2:(煤)
样品Z由以下组分组成:
79.4% 运输组分
1.6% 分散剂
3.2% 表面改性剂
15.8% 偶联剂
实施例3:(细无水钾镁钒标样)
样品A由以下组分组成:
79.4% 运输组分
1.6% 分散剂
3.2% 表面改性剂
15.8% 偶联剂
样品B由以下组分组成:
88% 运输组分
1% 分散剂
1% 表面改性剂
10% 偶联剂
Claims (9)
1.一种防尘组合物,其包含有效量的运输组分、分散剂和表面改性剂,其中所述运输组分是以下物质中的一种或多种:生物柴油,矿物油,LOPS,Escaid和石蜡油;所述分散剂是以下物质中的一种或多种:橙油,松油,香精油,萜烯,阳离子型乙氧基化物,非离子型乙氧基化物,丙氧基化物和阴离子型乙氧基化物;所述表面改性剂是天然胶乳或聚异戊二烯悬浮体;所述防尘组合物包含0.5-2%的分散剂,所述防尘组合物还包含5-20%的一种或多种磷脂。
2.如权利要求1所述的防尘组合物,该组合物包含固化控制剂。
3.一种防尘的方法,其特征在于,将有效量的权利要求1所述的组合物施涂于表面,从而便于立即消除粉尘颗粒,并且长期保持有效。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,使用适当设计的喷涂棒或施涂器件施涂所述组合物。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,施涂有效量的所述组合物,以抑制储存或运输的表面的残留粉尘。
6.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,施涂有效量的组合物,以在储存和运输过程中防止水分的重新吸收。
7.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述表面是开采的矿物。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述开采的矿物是煤、钾碱或磷酸盐。
9.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述表面是道路,所述粉尘颗粒是路尘。
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PCT/US2009/060826 WO2010045448A1 (en) | 2008-10-15 | 2009-10-15 | A composition for dust control and limiting moisture re-absorption |
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DE112009002464T8 (de) | 2012-05-31 |
EA020223B1 (ru) | 2014-09-30 |
BRPI0920186A2 (pt) | 2018-05-22 |
DE112009002464T5 (de) | 2012-01-19 |
DE112009002464B4 (de) | 2018-09-27 |
CN102186943A (zh) | 2011-09-14 |
CA2740419A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
CL2009001970A1 (es) | 2009-12-18 |
AU2009305761A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
AU2009305761B2 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
TN2011000173A1 (en) | 2012-12-17 |
MA32795B1 (fr) | 2011-11-01 |
ZA201103513B (en) | 2012-01-25 |
WO2010045448A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
BRPI0920186B1 (pt) | 2019-04-02 |
US20100090160A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
EA201170444A1 (ru) | 2011-10-31 |
US8808574B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 |
IL212243A0 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
US20130256589A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
CA2740419C (en) | 2017-04-04 |
IL212243A (en) | 2017-01-31 |
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