CN102186790B - 板材以及用于制造板材的方法 - Google Patents

板材以及用于制造板材的方法 Download PDF

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CN102186790B
CN102186790B CN200980141040.5A CN200980141040A CN102186790B CN 102186790 B CN102186790 B CN 102186790B CN 200980141040 A CN200980141040 A CN 200980141040A CN 102186790 B CN102186790 B CN 102186790B
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M·A·布努尔马达莱纳
F·J·埃斯特索拉
A·J·加西亚赫雷尔
J-R·加西亚吉梅内斯
R·I·梅里诺鲁比奥
R·施马伦斯特罗特
F·普拉纳斯拉荣塔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种板材，尤其灶台盖板，包括基材（10）和至少一个层（12、14、16）。为了提供所述类型的简单、稳定并且耐温的板材，建议将所述基材（10）构造成由陶瓷的基质（18）和增强纤维（20）组成的板材。

Description

板材以及用于制造板材的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种板材，尤其灶台盖板的板材，该板材包括基材和至少一个层。本发明还涉及一种用于制造这种板材的方法。
背景技术
由EP 0819366 B1公开了一种用于制造感应灶台的盖板的板材，该盖板由基材和层组成。该基材由没有详细说明的陶瓷制成，并且建议用于层的不同可能的材料。在EP 0819366 B1的实施例中提出，制造由玻璃纤维增强的材料制成的层。
用于灶台的盖板通常由在制造中非常耗费的玻璃陶瓷材料制成。尤其在用于家用电器的应用中，所述板材必须承受高达至少700℃的温度，并且通过坚固并且光滑的表面拥有清洁特性。这种玻璃陶瓷板的较高的导热能力在用辐射加热体作为灶台的盖板时可以是有利的。然而在用作感应灶台的盖板时，放到盖板上的并且通过感应器加热的烹饪用具的热量传递到布置在玻璃陶瓷板下面的电子器件上，这通常是不希望的并且是不利的。因此，辐射灶台中已知的用于遮盖感应灶台的玻璃陶瓷板的使用没有其第一眼看得那么好。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务尤其是提供一种简单、稳定并且耐温的板材，该板材尤其在用在感应灶台中时具有改善的特性。
该任务通过按独立权利要求所述的板材或者说用于制造这种板材的方法得到解决。本发明的有利的改进方案由从属权利要求中获得。
本发明涉及一种板材，尤其灶台盖板的板材。该板材包括基材和至少一个层。
为了能够提供成本低廉的、简单的、稳定的、耐温的和/或良好隔热的板材，建议所述基材构造成由陶瓷的基质和增强纤维制成的压合材料。通过纤维增强也可以在基材的厚度较小时实现较高的稳定性，并且可以通过使用基质连同增强纤维以简单的方式实现较小的热膨胀的尤其在灶台中重要的标准。在陶瓷中玻璃纤维的较小的热膨胀承受结晶成分的膨胀，和在陶瓷中相类似，所述基材的增强纤维阻止陶瓷基质的膨胀。因此，可以实现具有较小热膨胀系数的稳定的板材。可以通过合适地选择板材的层来实现表面的清洁特性以及所需的硬度。
所述板材是多层的，并且所述基材优选形成了所述层的最厚的层。尤其当热膨胀小于0.3×10-6每开时，可以使用这种板材用于制造灶台盖板。维氏硬度优选在400HV以上并且弯曲强度优选在100MPa以上。
按本发明的板材承受具有很高温度梯度的没有损坏的载荷并且具有较高的耐热冲击性。通过所述基材的不均匀的结构降低了导热能力，这使得所述板材具有特别的能力用于感应灶台中。
所述陶瓷的基质的材料例如可以是石英或者说二氧化硅、纯净的氧化铝或者说矾土或者这些材料与很小份额其它陶瓷材料例如氧化钙或氧化镁和/或结合剂的混合物。原则上可以考虑使用大量陶瓷的底材用于制造基质。
所述增强纤维优选是玻璃纤维，也可以考虑使用聚合物纤维例如合成纤维、尼龙纤维或者类似纤维以及陶瓷的纤维例如碳纤维、莫来石或者碳化硅。在本发明的优选的实施例中，所述陶瓷的基质是氧化硅和/或硅化盐基质，并且增强纤维是玻璃纤维。也可以考虑不同的纤维类型的混合。
当所述增强纤维至少部分地形成加入基材中的组织时，通过增强纤维实现的稳定增长可以最大化。
试验证明，当增强纤维的厚度处于6和7μm之间时，能够实现最好的性能。由于所述板材的较高的稳定性，对于灶台中的使用来说所述基材在3和4mm之间的厚度足够了。
优选所述板材具有高达至少1200℃的耐温性，这比可用常规的玻璃陶瓷板实现的700℃的耐温性高出许多。本领域技术人员知道，为了实现所要求的耐温性必须排除不怎么耐温的层。
在本发明的成本特别低廉的设计方案中，所述基材可以是冷压的材料。然而也可以考虑以热压法制造的基材。
当所述层包括釉时，可以改善或者说提高表面的清洁性能和表面的硬度。可以考虑玻璃态的和陶瓷的釉。所述釉可以消除基材的表面多孔性并且提高表面的硬度。由此可以延长板材的使用寿命并且可以改善清洁性能。此外，釉的使用开启了设计中新颖的方案，所述釉也可以是多种多样的。尤其在将按本发明的板材用在家用电器的可见区域中，尤其用作灶台的盖板时实现了由灵活的设计引起的优点。尤其也可以以表面标记的形式施加所述釉。所述表面标记例如可以使得灶台的不同的加热区域可视化，包含关于使用者界面的信息并且/或者示出商标。
在本发明的另一设计方案中提出，所述层包括釉以及施加在釉和基材之间的具有表面标记的网压层。所述网压层能够有利地通过尤其透明的釉得到保护，使得其即使在用按本发明的板材覆盖的灶台的集约的使用中也不会磨损。
当所述板材从两侧涂层时，可以避免由陶瓷的基质的材料的剥落或者由小部分增强纤维的断裂引起由板材覆盖的内部空间中灰尘的形成。
当所述板材多孔时，可以相对于玻璃陶瓷板降低板材的导热能力。尤其在将板材用在感应灶台中时实现这种多孔性的优点。
在本发明的改进方案中提出，所述板材额外地包括铁磁层。该层尤其可以由石墨制成。该石墨层可以布置在基材和由碳化硅制成的层之间，并且实现板材的感应加热，而所述基材克制沿着一个方向输送热量。
如此制造的板材例如可以用于制造马弗炉，该马弗炉也可以用在工业应用中，例如窑炉或者搪瓷窑炉中。
附图说明
其它优点从下面的附图描述中获得。在附图中示出了本发明的实施例。附图、说明书以及权利要求包含大量组合特征。本领域技术人员也可以有针对性地单个考虑所述特征并且总结出其它有意义的组合。
其中：
图1是具有由板材制成的盖板的灶台，
图2是图1中具有基材和多个层的盖板板材的层结构，
图3是按本发明的另一设计方案的板材的层结构，
图4是按本发明的另一设计方案的具有铁磁层的板材的层结构，
图5是按本发明的另一设计方案的用于灶台的具有网压层的盖板，该网压层象征表面，
图6是按本发明的另一设计方案的具有以表面标记形式施加的釉的由板材制成的盖板，以及
图7是由按本发明的板材制成的马弗炉的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了具有由板材制成的盖板26的灶台。该盖板26具有用于放置烹饪用具的涂层的上侧以及背侧（没有示出），所述上侧是光滑的并且容易清洁，在背侧附近布置感应加热元件28用于加热放置在盖板26上的烹饪用具。按本发明的盖板26用在具有典型的盆地平面的的感应灶台中并且用于具有大量布置在网栅中较小的感应器的矩阵模块或者说微型模块类型的感应灶台。此外，可以考虑用在具有辐射加热体的灶台中。
图2以剖视图示出了图1中盖板26的板材，其示出了板材的层结构。该板材包括基材10和多个层12、14、16。在图2中示出的定向相应于盖板26在工作状态中的定向。所述层12形成了灶台的水平定向的上侧，并且层16形成了灶台的背侧。
如在图2中示意性地示出，所述基材10包括陶瓷的基质18以及与基质18材料均匀混合的增强纤维20。所述基材10是以冷压法制造的压力材料。为了制造该基材10，将形成陶瓷的基质18的材料与增强纤维20混合并且在很高的压力下压成板。
在优选的实施例中，所述基质18的材料是纯净的石英粉末，该石英粉末通过压力并且必要时在温度作用下通过附加的粘结剂熔焊和/或粘合。在此，例如可以在微米或纳米级的范围内在石英粉末微晶的晶界上形成玻璃相，该玻璃相产生结合以及基质18的整个陶瓷结构。
如此形成的基材10通过增强纤维20得到增强。该增强纤维20在优选的实施例中是玻璃纤维。所述基质18的材料在没有这种增强纤维20的情况下是非常软和脆的，例如像浆糊状或者石灰岩状的稠度。然而通过这种增强纤维20，当人们将力大面积地也就是以多个平方毫米的支撑面施加到材料上时，所述基材10获得了较高的抗弯刚度以及断裂强度。
在替代的实施例中，所述增强纤维20是聚合物纤维，例如特氟龙或尼龙。在其它替代的实施例中，所述增强纤维20是碳纤维、莫来石或者碳化硅。在优选的实施例中，所述增强纤维20是玻璃纤维。此外，也可以考虑这些纤维的混合。为了制造所述基质18，可以向石英掺和小部分其它的陶瓷材料。此外可以考虑由纯净的氧化铝/矾土或者由矾土与其它陶瓷材料的混合物制造所述基质18。
直接施加在基材10上的层14是网压层，该网压层形成了盖板26的表面标记。该网压层14通过由釉形成的层12得到保护。所述釉12是玻璃状的并且是透明的，使得所述网压层14以及在该区域中没有网压层14的话所述基材10对于使用者来说可以从盖板26的上侧看到。
在基材10中的增强纤维20尽可能长，并且具有6到7μm的厚度。所述基材的厚度处于3和4mm之间，所述网压层14的厚度位于50和100μm之间，并且釉12的厚度位于50和200μm之间。此外，所述盖板26或者说基材10还在背侧上装备有另一层16，该层同样是釉。由此，所述基材10的背侧的多孔性与基材10的上侧的多孔性一样地封闭，并且可以避免在微米级上脆性的基材10的松散的颗粒剥落到盖板26下面的空间中，该空间容纳灶台的电子器件。
所述基材10基本上是白色的或者淡灰的并且是不透明的，从而通过可以施加所有可考虑的颜色的网压层14连同釉12一起获得完全新颖的外观以及用于设计灶台的新颖的方案。
所述基材10具有带有几个纳米级微孔或者介子孔的孔隙率的很高的多孔性。由此强烈地降低基材10的热导能力，使得布置在盖板26下面的电子器件只能困难地加热在盖板26上的较热的烹饪用具。通过合适地选择在制造基材时以冷压法施加的压力，可以最佳地调节孔隙率大小。试验证明，大约30%或者在20%和40%之间的范围内的多孔性会引起满意的结果。
图3示出了本发明的替代的实施例，其中增强纤维20没有混合在基材10中，而是形成了加入由陶瓷的二氧化硅制成的基质18中的组织22。
所述组织22可以通过松散地混合在基质材料中的增强纤维进行补充。可以将一个或者多个组织层加入板材中。如果至少一个组织层在表面附近加入板材中，那么可以进一步改善表面强度。
图4示出了本发明的另一替代的实施例，其中由陶瓷的基质18和增强纤维20制成的基材10用尤其由石墨制成的铁磁层24进行涂层。所述基材10是多孔的并且包括空气夹杂物，该空气夹杂物强烈地降低了基材10的热导能力。通过由碳化硅制成的层12来保护所述铁磁层24。
图4中铁磁层24能够由背侧（图4中下方）感应加热。因此，可以使用按图4的板材有利地用于制造马弗炉32，其中所述层12面对马弗炉32的内部空间，并且基材10对外隔离该马弗炉32（参见图7）。
图5示出了具有表面标记30的感应灶台的按本发明的盖板26，所述表面标记通过釉12得到保护。所述表面标记30构造成网压层并且能够构造成每种任意的颜色，或者也可以构造成多种颜色的。
图6示出了本发明的另一替代的实施例，其中所述表面标记30是层14的部分（图2），该层构造成彩色的釉。这种彩色的釉通过透明的第二釉得到保护，该釉形成了层12。
图7示出了用于火炉或者窑炉、尤其用于工业的搪瓷窑炉的马弗炉32，其中该马弗炉32的壁根据图4中的实施例由按本发明的板材制成，该板材装备有由石墨制成的铁磁层24。
在所述马弗炉32的外面布置了感应器34，该感应器从外面加热所述铁磁层24（图4）。可以避免马弗炉32外部的加热元件，这显著改善了清洁特性。与布置在马弗炉32外面的辐射加热体以及由金属制成的马弗炉相比，可以显著地节省重量并且能够改善效率。
附图标记列表
10 基材
12 层
14 层
16 层
18 基质
20 增强纤维
22 组织
24 层
26 盖板
28 感应加热元件
30 表面标记
32 马弗炉
34 感应器
D 厚度

Claims (13)

1.一种用于感应灶台的灶台盖板，包括基材（10）和至少一个层（12、14、16），其特征在于，所述基材（10）是由陶瓷的基质（18）和与基质（18）的材料均匀混合的增强纤维（20）制成的压合材料，其中所述基材（10）是多孔的并且具有20%和35%之间的孔隙率，并且在所述基材（10）上设有用于感应加热所述灶台盖板的铁磁层（24）。
2.按权利要求1所述的灶台盖板，其特征在于，所述增强纤维（20）包括玻璃纤维。
3.按权利要求1所述的灶台盖板，其特征在于，所述增强纤维（20）至少部分地形成组织（22）。
4.按权利要求1所述的灶台盖板，其特征在于，所述基材（10）的厚度（D）在3mm和4mm之间。
5.按权利要求1所述的灶台盖板，其特征在于，所述陶瓷的基质（18）至少基本上由多晶的石英制成。
6.按权利要求1所述的灶台盖板，其特征在于，所护灶台盖板具有至少1200℃的耐温性。
7.按权利要求1所述的灶台盖板，其特征在于，所述基材（10）是冷压的材料。
8.按权利要求1所述的灶台盖板，其特征在于，所述层（12）包括釉。
9.按权利要求1所述的灶台盖板，其特征在于，所述层（12）包括以表面标记的形式施加的釉。
10.按权利要求1所述的灶台盖板，其特征在于，所述层（12、14）包括釉以及施加在釉和基材（10）之间的具有表面标记的网压层（14）。
11.按上述权利要求1-10中任一项所述的灶台盖板，其特征在于，所述灶台盖板在两侧具有层（12、14、16）。
12.具有按上述权利要求1-11中任一项所述的灶台盖板的灶台。
13.用于制造板材的方法，所述板材用作按权利要求1-11中任一项所述用于感应灶台的灶台盖板，其中将至少一个层（12、14、16）施加到基材（10）上，其特征在于，所述基材（10）通过冷压或者热压由陶瓷的基质（18）和与基质（18）的材料均匀混合的增强纤维（20）制成，其中所述基材（10）是多孔的并且具有20%和35%之间的孔隙率，并且设有用于感应加热所述灶台盖板的铁磁层（24）。
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