CN102177207B - 使用发泡沥青和润滑添加剂的就地冷再生方法 - Google Patents

使用发泡沥青和润滑添加剂的就地冷再生方法 Download PDF

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CN102177207B
CN102177207B CN200980138608.8A CN200980138608A CN102177207B CN 102177207 B CN102177207 B CN 102177207B CN 200980138608 A CN200980138608 A CN 200980138608A CN 102177207 B CN102177207 B CN 102177207B
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bituminous
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杰拉尔德·H·赖因克
戴维·兰格
盖隆·L·鲍姆加德纳
俄尔文·杜卡特兹
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Abstract

本发明披露了沥青的就地冷再生。可以通过向热沥青流中注入水和可选的压缩空气来生产发泡的沥青。可以向热沥青流中添加润滑表面活性剂以提高性能。可以将该发泡沥青与回收材料拌和以提供可压实至期望密度的均匀包覆的铺筑材料。

Description

使用发泡沥青和润滑添加剂的就地冷再生方法
技术领域
本披露内容涉及沥青处理,更具体地涉及沥青就地冷再生(cold-in-place asphalt recycling)。
背景技术
就地冷再生(cold-in-place recycling),通常被称为CIR,是一种处理过程,在该处理过程中,将现有沥青路面(bituminous pavement)或沥青路面和未处理集料的组合从路面表面(pavement surface)碾碎或磨碎至达到6英寸的深度,并结合新的(未利用的,virgin)沥青材料,进行拌和、及再铺筑,而无需从现有坡面(路面,grade)上去除材料。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于沥青就地冷再生的改进方法。在一种实施方式中,本发明是这样的就地冷再生方法,其中,使乙氧基化二胺表面活性剂和水与沥青结合料(asphalt binder)拌和以形成表面活性剂和沥青的发泡组合物。将所述表面活性剂和沥青的发泡组合物与碾碎的再生路面(再生铺筑材料,recycled pavement)拌和以提供能够压实为期望密度的均匀包覆的铺筑材料。
在另一实施方式中,本发明是发泡就地冷再生(foamed cold-in-placerecycling)方法,在该方法中,通过向包括润滑表面活性剂的液态沥青流中注入水和压缩空气流中的一种或多种而产生发泡的沥青结合料。在连续的拌和过程中使发泡的沥青结合料与沥青材料结合以制备再生的沥青拌和料(recycled bituminous mix)。将再生的沥青拌和料送入铺路机中,然后铺筑在现有坡面(路面)上。
在另一实施方式中,本发明是发泡就地冷再生方法,在该方法中,通过使水和润滑表面活性剂结合至液态沥青流而产生发泡的沥青结合料。在连续的拌和过程中使发泡的沥青结合料与沥青材料结合而产生再生的沥青拌和料。将再生的沥青拌和料送入铺路机中,然后铺筑在现有坡面(路面)上。
尽管本发明披露了多种实施方式,然而,通过示出并描述本发明示例性实施方式的以下具体实施方式部分,本发明的其它实施方式对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,具体实施方式应当视为示例性描述而非限制性描述。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及改进的CIR方法,在该方法中,向发泡沥青结合料中添加润滑添加剂。该方法提供了更好的包覆(coating)、更简易的构筑、改善的压实、以及降低的处理温度。改进包覆的一个指征是铺筑材料的颜色更加浓,这是因为包覆越均匀,颜色越深。当没有包覆所有颗粒时,观察到的是越发暗淡、越发褐色的常规CIR发泡拌和料。更牢固路面(垫面,mat)的另一指征是:结合料包覆于或更均匀地铺展在所有颗粒上,而没有沥青小球(小滴,small globules)散布在细小的集料颗粒之间。
CIR再生
CIR再生是这样的方法,其中,将现有沥青路面或沥青路面和未处理集料的组合从路面表面碾碎或磨碎至几英寸的深度,与发泡沥青材料结合,拌和、再铺筑。在一些实施方式中,CIR再生涉及一系列方法,其中,为了就地完成这些任务中的每一个而安排(准备,arrange)多件设备。
例如,在一系列方法中,可以将碾压机(milling machine)置于前线以将现有路面向下碾碎至期望的深度。可以将锤磨粉碎机(hammer millcrusher)置于碾压机后方,或相对于材料流的“下游”,使得锤磨粉碎机(或另一类型的碾压或粉碎机)接收来自碾压机的碾碎沥青材料。可以将搅拌机(pug)置于锤磨粉碎机的下游以在连续过程中拌和碾碎及粉碎的材料与发泡的沥青结合料。可以将载有热沥青的罐车(tanker)或其它卡车设置在锤磨粉碎机和搅拌机(pug mill)之间。
一旦将材料拌和好,就可以将其堆积(deposit)在路上,并使用拾取机(pickup machine)将材料转移至铺路机中。在某些情况下,可以将材料从搅拌机中直接倾倒入铺路机中。铺路机铺设拌和料,然后滚轧或压实拌和料。在某些情况中,已经确定将拌和料从搅拌机卸载至坡面(路面)上并使拾取机将其转移至铺路机中是有利的,因为这能减少或消除铺路机频繁的停止和启动。
在另一种方法中,使用回收机(reclaimer)撕碎(rip up)或毁坏(chewup)路面。对除去的材料进行耕碎(tilled)或回收(有时添加新的集料)并将发泡的沥青喷洒在回收的拌和料上,然后将其堆积在回收机后方。在某些情况中,使用压路机(grader)对所完成的拌和料进行厚度和坡度的成形。在某些实例中,所堆积的材料在没有成形的情况下被压实。该方法产生再生的拌和料,其适用于修补较差坡面(路面),增加压实层的深度(当使用额外集料时)以及通常获得可以在其上布置额外的热拌和沥青层的分水表面(water shedding surface)。
在另一种方法中,可以使用固定的发泡拌和体系结合就地收集并带回至中心拌和地点的碾压材料。该方法可用于产生冷拌和料,该冷拌和料可通过压路机或铺路机铺设而产生其上可添加碎石封层或覆盖层的硬分水表面。在这些中的每一种方法中,可以在发泡处理中使用润滑表面活性剂。
发泡方法(发泡处理)
在某些实施方式中,发泡的沥青结合料对CIR方法是有利的。可以使用多种不同的技术来产生发泡的沥青结合料。在一种技术中,通过以下步骤形成发泡的沥青结合料:向非常热的沥青结合料流中注入少量水和压缩空气,这导致当将水/沥青共混物喷洒在碾压的沥青材料上时沥青结合料发泡。在该方法中,将约1至5重量百分比的水注入到新的沥青结合料中,并伴随强力拌和这些成分以产生泡沫。被放置的所得拌和料强度提高非常快,这是因为添加到沥青结合料中用于产生泡沫的水的水平(含量,level)相对较低,并且因为沥青热量所致的水分蒸发损失相对较快。
在另一种技术中,从乳液中产生泡沫,该乳液包括约60至70重量百分比的沥青结合料和约30-40重量百分比的水,它们在约30℃至60℃的温度范围内结合。乳液的使用可以导致在或接近约百分之百的水平上有效包覆碾碎的材料。
在某些情况中,较快凝固(硬化,setting)的乳液为乳液赋予了化学“断裂(break)”,这使得乳液能够包覆碾碎的材料,然后使沥青颗粒化学键合至集料材料并导致水与沥青断裂或分离。与常规缓慢凝固或中等凝固乳液拌和共混物相比,这可以赋予乳液体系显著快速的固化。
在某些实施方式中,可以将润滑表面活性剂添加到沥青结合料或添加到将被注入到沥青结合料的水中,以增强发泡并润滑和增强碾碎材料颗粒上沥青结合料的铺展。因此,可以生产再生的沥青材料,该再生的沥青材料提供快速的强度提高,同时还提供大约或达百分之百的颗粒包覆,并且还提供期望的外观和密度。在某些情况中,通过润滑表面活性剂所提供的润滑效果可以防止或基本上减少某些发泡CIR拌和料粘结至铺路机整平板(screed)的趋势。此外,在使用约360°F下的结合料可以实施发泡CIR的同时,润滑、发泡增强添加剂的使用可以导致构筑(construction)所需的温度降低60°F之多。
在一些实施方式中,可以通过将水和压缩空气,连同一种或多种润滑表面活性剂注入到热沥青流中来产生发泡的沥青结合料。所述热沥青流可以是新的沥青,例如PG 52-34结合料。在某些情况中,在注入水和压缩空气之前将润滑表面活性剂加入到沥青中。在某些实例中,在注入水之前将润滑表面活性剂加入到水中。在一些实施方式中,热沥青通过管道或其它结构流动,通过第一喷嘴将水注入到热沥青流中,通过第二喷嘴将压缩空气注入到热沥青流中。在某些情况中,发泡可以在没有压缩空气注入的情况下伴随水的注入而发生。
沥青结合料
各种不同的沥青结合料是可商购的。作为实例,多种不同的沥青结合料可以商购自不同的来源。沥青结合料的非限制性实例是PG 52-34、PG58-34、PG 64-28、PG 70-28、PG 76-28、PG 70-22和PG 76-22。特定的沥青结合料是PG 52-34,其具有540泊的绝对粘度(在140°F下测量),236dmm的渗透率(在77°F),和1.03的比重(在60°F下)。
润滑表面活性剂
在发泡沥青结合料的生产中,可以使用各种润滑表面活性剂。合适的润滑表面活性剂的实例包括天然存在的化合物以及来自三类表面活性剂的较普遍的合成化学化合物:去污剂、润湿剂和乳化剂。表面活性剂可以被具体分类为阴离子、阳离子、两性和非离子表面活性剂。
合适的阴离子表面活性剂包括但不限于脂肪酸(饱和及不饱和脂肪酸)、脂肪酸沥青(pitch)(硬脂酸沥青)、脂肪酸衍生物(脂肪酸酯和脂肪酸磺酸盐(sulfonates))、和有机磷酸盐(phosphates)(烷基磷酸盐)。
合适的阳离子表面活性剂包括,但不限于,烷基胺、烷基季铵盐、杂环季铵盐、酰胺基胺类(amido amines)、和不含氮的(non-nitrogenous)硫或磷衍生物。
合适的两性表面活性剂(其包括阴离子分子部分和阳离子分子部分)包括但不限于氨基酸、氨基酸衍生物、甜菜碱衍生物(烷基甜菜碱和烷基氨基甜菜碱)、咪唑啉和咪唑啉衍生物。
合适的非离子表面活性剂包括,但不限于,具有酯键的脂肪酸(SPANS和TWEENS)、具有醚键的表面活性剂(烷基酚聚氧乙烯和聚氧乙烯化醇)、具有酰胺键的表面活性剂(烷醇酰胺(alcanolamides)、单和二乙醇酰胺以及它们的衍生物)、烯化氧化物共聚物(alkylenated oxidecopolymers)和聚氧乙烯化硫醇。
其它表面活性剂和非表面活性剂添加剂可以在2007年10月12日提交的名为“WARM MIX ASPHALT BINDER COMPOSITIONSCONTAINING LUBRICATING ADDITIVES”的美国专利申请系列No.11/871,782中找到,此处通过引用将该申请整体并入本文。
在某些实施方式中,润滑表面活性剂是乙氧基化二胺。合适的乙氧基化二胺的示例性但非限制性实例是DT-3、或三(2-羟乙基)-N-牛脂-烷基-1,3-二氨基丙烷(tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-tallow-alkyl-1,3-diaminopropane)。在某些实施方式中,可以在沥青结合料中使用约0.5重量百分比的DT-3。
组合物
在某些实施方式中,可以通过将约0.5至5重量百分比的水和约0.05至约3重量百分比的乙氧基化二胺表面活性剂注入到液态沥青流中来生产发泡沥青。液态沥青流可以是沥青结合料,例如PG 52-34。在某些实施方式中,还可以将压缩空气以约20至约50psi的压力注入到液态沥青流中以增强发泡。在某些实施方式中,在发泡处理期间,液态沥青流在约300°F至约380°F的温度范围内。在某些情况下,液态沥青流在约320°F至约360°F的温度范围内。
所得发泡沥青可以与碾碎的沥青材料(就地或者在中心场所)结合,结合的比例为:发泡沥青结合料为碾碎沥青材料的按重量计约0.5至4百分比。这种材料,一旦铺设并压实,其密度能达到所放置拌和料理论最大密度的至少约88至约95百分比(压实后两天进行测量)。
实施例1
使用就地冷再生的“系列方法”进行试验。使用PR1000T履带车(Caterpillar)碾压机将现有的路面碾碎约3.5英寸深。使用具有双筛层(double screen deck)的便携式3033 Cedar快速锤磨粉碎机(3033 CedarPapids hammer mill crusher)将碾碎的材料粉碎至尺寸为1英寸和更小的尺寸。使用具有约10英尺长双轴的便携式巴伯格林(Barber Green)搅拌机拌和碾碎的材料和发泡的沥青结合料。在将沥青引入到碾碎的材料之前,使用Soter喷油管(Soter spray bar)将水注入到沥青流中来实施该发泡处理。拌和碾碎的材料和发泡沥青之后,将该拌和料置于搅拌机后方的堆料(windrow)中,并使用拾取机将该拌和料转移到铺路机中,铺路机随后铺设该拌和料。铺路机上的整平板提供初步压实,然后用气胎和钢轮压路机完成拌和料的最终压实。
所使用的沥青结合料是在360°F标称温度下的PG 52-34。用罐车将沥青运送至工程(地点),并将沥青转移至更小的罐中,该罐被设计为跨过(staddle)堆料,并因此在工程(地点)进行整个碾碎和拌和系列操作时,其可移动落至(move down)铺筑工程处。在铣刀头(milling head)上添加1至2百分比的水以冷却刀头并抑制灰尘,在操作的粉碎阶段过程中再添加1-2%的水。这些水是除注入到喷头中以产生发泡沥青的水之外的水。该工程中的环境温度是70°F。总计向碾碎的材料中加入按重量计1.65%的新的52-34结合料。对于该试验,向PG 52-34结合料中添加了按重量计0.5%的DT-3乙氧基化二胺润滑添加剂。
与未添加润滑添加剂而进行的对比试验相比,拌和室中的喷油管上拌和料的颜色为更深更浓的视觉颜色。堆料中的拌和料更加可操作并且易于被拾取而转移至铺路机中。良好的料流(flow)通过铺路机、刮板(flights)和整平板下方。包覆是均匀的并且与未添加润滑添加剂而生产的相同拌和料相比颜色更深。与未处理的相似拌和料相比,铺路机后方的路面更牢固。该拌和料滚轧良好,且压路机下方的路面看起来更牢固。常规发泡CIR拌和料与利用润滑添加剂而生产的CIR拌和料之间具有明显的颜色差别。构筑后两天,从常规和测试部分中取核心部分(cores)。测试这些核心部分的密度。在常规部分中,5个核心部分的平均密度为127.3lbs/ft3(磅/立方英尺)。取自用润滑添加剂生产的部分的4个核心部分的平均密度为129.0lbs/ft3
实施例2
使用就地冷再生的“系列方法”进行另一试验。将现有路面的一部分碾碎、粉碎并与发泡的沥青结合料拌和。
在将沥青引入碾碎的材料之前通过向沥青流中注入水来进行发泡处理。碾碎的材料与发泡沥青拌和之后,将拌和料转移至铺路机中,铺路机随后铺设拌和料。铺路机上的整平板提供初步压实,然后用气胎和钢轮压路机完成拌和料的最终压实。
所使用的沥青结合料是在360°F标称温度下的PG 52-34。用罐车将沥青运送至工程(地点),并将沥青转移至更小的罐,该罐被设计为跨过堆料,并因此在工程(地点)进行整个碾碎和拌和系列操作时,其可移动落至(move down)铺筑工程处。在铣刀头上添加1至2百分比的水以冷却刀头并抑制灰尘,在操作的粉碎阶段过程中再添加1-2%的水。这些水是除注入到喷头中以生产发泡沥青的水之外的水。
到了上午(mid-morning),随着路面和空气温度升高,我们发现由于细料和结合料的粘度增加,沥青拌和料具有粘结到整平板上的趋势。我们通过进行以下尝试以解决该问题:将结合料含量从1.2或1.3加仑/英尺减少到0.8加仑/英尺。我们发现这一尝试可缓解但并未消除该问题。此外,这导致结合料含量小于最佳含量。我们发现通过向结合料中添加0.3重量百分比的DT-3,可以在消除拌和料粘结问题的同时将结合料含量保持在1.2加仑每英尺。
在不背离本发明范围的情况下,可以对所讨论的示例性实施方式进行各种修改和增加。虽然上述实施方式提及了特定的特征,但是本发明的范围还包括具有不同特征的组合的实施方式和不完全包括上述特征的实施方式。

Claims (11)

1.一种发泡就地冷再生方法,包括:
通过将水和压缩空气流中的一种或两种注入含有润滑表面活性剂的液态沥青流中来产生发泡的沥青结合料;
在连续的拌和过程中使所述发泡的沥青结合料与沥青材料结合以产生再生的沥青拌和料;
将所述再生的沥青拌和料送入铺路机中;以及
将所述再生的沥青拌和料铺设在现有路面之上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,将水和压缩空气分别注入所述液态沥青流中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,将水而不是压缩空气注入所述液态沥青流中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括压实所述再生的沥青拌和料的层以形成密实的路面。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,通过将水和压缩空气流注入含有润滑表面活性剂的液态沥青流中来产生发泡的沥青结合料包括:向含有0.05至3重量百分比润滑表面活性剂的液态沥青流中注入0.5至5重量百分比的水和以20至50psi注入单独的压缩空气流。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在连续的拌和过程中使所述发泡的沥青结合料与碾碎的沥青材料结合以产生再生的沥青拌和料包括:以沥青结合料为碾碎的沥青材料的0.5至4重量百分比的比例使所述发泡的沥青结合料与碾碎的沥青材料结合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述润滑表面活性剂包括阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂或非离子表面活性剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述液态沥青在300℉至380℉的温度下。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述液态沥青在320℉至360℉的温度下。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述沥青材料包括使用回收机生成的沥青材料。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述沥青材料包括就地生成的碾碎的沥青材料。
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