CN102173912B - Preparation method of cave-applied fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of cave-applied fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102173912B CN102173912B CN2010105945199A CN201010594519A CN102173912B CN 102173912 B CN102173912 B CN 102173912B CN 2010105945199 A CN2010105945199 A CN 2010105945199A CN 201010594519 A CN201010594519 A CN 201010594519A CN 102173912 B CN102173912 B CN 102173912B
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- heap
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a cave-applied fertilizer. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preparing a substrate by performing site selection, material preparation, pile construction, punching, pile sealing, fermentation, pile turning, second period fermentation and drying on straws, seedlings, tendrils and leaves; mixing potassium indole butyrate and alpha-pimacol; blending the mixture and calcium carbonate powder to obtain a growth substance; and mixing 90 to 99.5 mass percent of the substrate and 10 to 0.5 percent of the growth substance to obtain the cave-applied fertilizer. By the method, the cave-applied fertilizer can be prepared conveniently; the process is simple and easy to master; the prepared cave-applied fertilizer is applied to a transplanting link, so the root of each seedling has relative rich organic matters, fertility is enhanced, air permeability is enhanced and soil is prevented from being hardened; the applied organic matters comprise a large number of beneficial bacteria, so propagation of various pathogenic bacteria is inhibited and diseases at the seedling stage are greatly reduced; and the cave-applied fertilizer comprises the growth substance, so cell division can be promoted, growth of a root system can be accelerated, and the root system is very exuberant.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of fertile preparation method that spreads manuer in holes, the fertilizer that the fertilizer of preparation uses when being vegetables young plant field planting transplanting in planting pit.
Background technology:
Scenario has appearred in China's agriculture prodn at present: the first, and excessive dependence chemical fertilizer, inclined to one side again nitrogen fertilizer application in the chemical fertilizer of being executed.According to statistics, the arable land of China only accounts for 7% of whole world cultivated area, but dose accounts for 35% of whole world fertilizer production.The soil science expert Zhang Fusuo of China Agricultural University etc. carried out for two more than ten years to the research of China's soil acidification situation; So the result finds almost in the soil of the type that China finds; PH value 0.13～0.8 unit that on average all descended, being equivalent to soil acid amount has increased by 2.2 times on the original basis.The decline of the pH value that this large-scale soil acidification causes needs time in hundreds of thousands of year under common state of nature.Declining to a great extent of this pH value will inevitably influence the biochemical cycle of nutritive substance, destroyed the original eubiosis to a certain extent.Because the variation of ecotope has directly influenced the relation between the soil microorganisms, be in originally by harmful bacterium of antagonism state and possibly become active state.Especially various nematodes in the soil, in pH its reproduction speed multiplication of back that descends, Here it is at present eelworm harm almost be in the reason of runaway condition.Originally nematode is heavier in leguminous crop harm, and Solanaceae, Curcurbitaceae, crop in cruciferae are all retransmitted and given birth to now.The big generation of nematode must be opened the floodgates wide for the intrusion of various soil-borne diseases.The second, along with the generally use of chemical fertilizer, the fertilizer consumption in farmland reduces year by year, and the organic matter in the soil descends year by year; The developed countries soil organism is more than 5%, and China is lower than 1% mostly, has not only reduced the preserve moisture and fertility ability of soil; Make that pathogenic bacterium breed in a large number in the soil compaction soil, this just makes the root system development of crop bad, is prone to disease seedling and seedling death phenomenon; Transplanted seedling becomes to live difficult, even become to live, soil-borne disease also takes place gradually.The kind that all industrialized agricultures relate to is all grown seedlings and is transplanted this link, and through this link, whether young plant is healthy and strong most important to whole industrialized agriculture harvest.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fertile preparation method that spreads manuer in holes; Use this preparation method can conveniently produce the fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes; When the crop survival after transplant, apply and transplant the cave; Replace chemical fertilizer with fertilizer, solve because of applying many drawbacks that chemical fertilizer causes soil acidity or alkalinity to reduce and the soil organic matter content reduction brings.
The objective of the invention is to realize as follows: this is spreaded manuer in holes and fertile constitutes after being mixed by the growth substance of 90～99.5% matrix and 10～0.5% by quality;
Wherein, matrix is climing by stalk, the seedling of crop, leaf is built the heap fermentation as follows and formed, and concrete steps are following:
A. addressing: fermentation heap is selected in the higher plot of physical features, and heap end windrow stone stays the 30cm gap between the rectangular slab of stone, pile wide 3.5m, long 15～30m;
B. get the raw materials ready: be deposited in stalk near the fermentation heap of choosing, corn stalk will be cut into 5～7cm length, and watering makes the water cut of stalk reach 60～65% then;
C. build heap: on the rectangular slab of stone, build heap to aqueous stalk, pile high 1.5～1.8m;
D. punching: with tip wooden stick skewer hole on heap, pitch-row 80～100cm, the thickness that wooden stick can be held with grownup's palm is advisable;
E. envelope is piled: with plastics film stockpile is covered;
F. fermentation: insert in the heap with the long-tail TM, every day, secondary was observed temperature, after temperature rises to 65～70 ℃ in the heap to six days or seven days the time, and no longer intensification, the end of first fermentation period;
G. turning: open the stockpile that stops to heat up,, and give out actinomycetic fragrant for normal at stalk deliquescing, blackening, surface attachment white hypha; Open the back stirring; Moisture content is supplied 60% water cut in the material, and builds heap again in the middle part of being discharged into the outside material of initial pile as far as possible, piles high 130～160cm; With preceding method punching, envelope heap, insert good TM and began for the second fermentation week;
H. second fermentation period: equitemperature rises to 65 ℃, when temperature does not rise counter falling, stops to get final product in 2～3 days reactor startup again, the soft corruption that become of the material of this moment, and white hypha is more, and fragrant is denseer;
I. dry: through the material of second fermentation period, Air drying behind the reactor startup helps a large amount of probioticss and forms spores, treat moisture content reduce to 15～18% between the time pulverize, obtain matrix; Matrix includes abundant organic matter, and the mycelium of the probiotics of enormous amount and spore thereof also have excretory growth hormone, VITAMINs, organic acid etc. in these actinomycetes reproductive processes;
Growth substance by indolebutyric acid potassium (IBA) and α-Nai Yisuanna (NAA) by 2: 1 mixed of quality after 160 order Paris whites of same 99 times of the two mixture qualities be mixed and obtain.But the IBA hestening rooting, but take root thin and branch is many; And NAA quickens assimilation product to guide the storehouse into by the source, just carries assimilation product to eugonic position, can impel root prosperity and healthy and strong with the having complementary functions of IBA.Crushing screening repeatedly when being mixed don't fail to be evenly distributed by material.
The fertile usage of spreading manuer in holes: fertile before field planting spreading manuer in holes of preparing, can put the seedling field planting after in transplanting the cave, adding the soil mixing in spread manuer in holes fertile 90～110 grams and the cave.
Application example:
1, Gaotang, Shandong vegetables family Wang plantation eggplant
In March, 2008, every cave was with fertile 100 grams of spreading manuer in holes during transplanting at longbow canopy kind eggplant, and shared 2600 strains stay the 400 strains fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes useless to compare.The result uses the 2600 fertile strains of spreading manuer in holes, dead seedling 42 strains, dead seedling accounts for 1.6%, growing way there is not disease well, especially root knot nematode seldom, 1.2 meters of plant heights, every strain only first three flower eggplant on average weighs 7.4 jin.Control group 400 strains, dead 33 strains, dead seedling accounts for 8.3%, and the root nematode is many, and every strain has root knot 20～40 not wait, 0.9 meter of plant height, first three flower eggplant of every strain is on average less than 5 jin.
2, Qixian County, Henan vegetables family Ma plants summer squash
In by the end of February, 2009 summer squash transplant into greenhouse, every cave is with fertile 100～110 grams of spreading manuer in holes, the contrast of 200 caves is stayed in shared 1600 caves.To return seedling fast in 1600 caves as a result, and dead seedling is mended 37 caves again, accounts for 2.3%, blooms early, not excessive growth, and the knot melon is many, sick to be lacked, and every strain is all produced 9 jin.Contrast 200 caves, plant 26 caves again behind the dead seedling, account for 13%, young plant returns seedling evening, and is sick many, bloom late, and 6.8 jin in melon is on average produced in every strain.
3, Shouguang, Shandong vegetables family grandson plantation capsicum
Time: in February, 2009 booth stubble capsicum transplanting early.
Test objective: investigate the fertile influence of spreading manuer in holes to dead seedling after the field planting of prevention capsicum.
Test design: long 50 meters totally 12 of booth, per from West to East 3 is one group, is divided into four groups, and wherein 1,3 group is to use the fertile test group of spreading manuer in holes, and 2,4 groups for not using the fertile control group of spreading manuer in holes.
TP and content: 1, plant 900 strains altogether in 3 groups, execute fertile 90 grams of spreading manuer in holes of the present invention in the cave during every strain field planting.2, the fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes is not used in 4 groups of yet field planting 900 strains during transplanting, compare.
Observations: shown in seeing the following form.
It is thus clear that the fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes of the present invention, effect is obvious when capsicum is transplanted.
4, brass hill Hu in Xuzhou plants watermelon
Test kind: the watermelon of field planting.
Time: in May, 2008, field planting behind the watermelon seedling culturing.
Test objective: test the fertile influence that watermelon is transplanted of spreading manuer in holes.
Test design: totally 1.3 mu in test plot, less because of whole block area, be divided into two by thing.The Westbound is test, and altogether survival after transplant is 500, and every cave is with the present invention's fertile 100 grams of spreading manuer in holes.The Sector East is contrast, 500 of same survival after transplants, the fertilizer of need not spreading manuer in holes.
The result: the 3 days slow seedlings in Westbound, well developed root system, root rot does not seldom take place in disease; Blade is thick green, and the comparison of blooming was according to early 5 days.The 7 days slow seedlings in Sector East, root rot incidence 15%, medication secondary; Bloom and test 5 days evenings.
The fertile application on watermelon is transplanted it is thus clear that originally spread manuer in holes all has effect preferably to healthy growth and diseases prevention behind the slow seedling.
The present invention can prepare the fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes easily, and technology is simple, easy master, and the prepared fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes is applied to transplant link, is a kind of fertilizer that all use in every cave.The function of this fertilizer mainly is: (1) has all had abundant relatively organic matter at the root of every young plant; Organic matter has not only strengthened fertility; And make fertilizer efficiency more lasting; The ventilation property of rhizosphere is strengthened, avoided the seedling death phenomenon that difficulty, the mashed root of appearance and rust root cause of taking root of soil compaction initiation; (2) organic matter that applies contains a large amount of probioticss, sets up the ecotope that probiotics is taken as the leading factor rapidly at rhizosphere, has suppressed the breeding of various pathogenic bacterium, has significantly reduced sprout term disease; The growth substance of (3) spreading manuer in holes and containing in the fertilizer can promote cell fission, accelerate root growth, makes root system special flourishing.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
(1), leaf climing by stalk, the seedling of crop built the heap fermentation as follows and processed matrix: fermentation heap is selected in the higher plot of physical features, and heap end windrow stone stays the 30cm gap between the rectangular slab of stone, pile wide 3.5m, long 15～30m; Be deposited in stalk near the fermentation heap of choosing, corn stalk will be cut into 5～7cm length, and watering makes the water cut of stalk reach 60～65% then; On the rectangular slab of stone, build heap to aqueous stalk, pile high 1.5～1.8m; With tip wooden stick skewer hole on heap, pitch-row 80～100cm; With black plastic film stockpile is covered; Insert in the heap with the long-tail TM, every day, secondary was observed temperature, after temperature rises to 65～70 ℃ in the heap to six days or seven days the time, no longer heated up the end of first fermentation period; Open the stockpile that stops to heat up,, and give out actinomycetic fragrant for normal at stalk deliquescing, blackening, surface attachment white hypha; Open the back stirring; Moisture content is supplied 60% water cut in the material, and builds heap again in the middle part of being discharged into the outside material of initial pile as far as possible, piles high 130～160cm; With preceding method punching, envelope heap, insert good TM and begin second fermentation period; Equitemperature rises to 65 ℃, when temperature does not rise counter falling, stops to get final product in 2～3 days reactor startup again; Through the material of second fermentation period, Air drying behind the reactor startup, treat moisture content reduce to 15～18% between the time pulverize, obtain matrix.
(2) be mixed with 160 order Paris whites of its 99 times of quality after by indolebutyric acid potassium and α-Nai Yisuanna and obtain growth substance by 2: 1 mixed of quality.
(3) take by weighing 98.5 kilograms of matrix and take root 1.5 kilograms of materials, behind the two thorough mixing spread manuer in holes fertile 100 kilograms.
Embodiment 2:
Method by (1) among the embodiment 1 is produced matrix, obtains growth substance by the method for (2) among the embodiment 1, takes by weighing 93.6 kilograms of matrix and takes root 6.4 kilograms of materials, joins the back altogether and becomes 100 kilograms of fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes.
Claims (1)
1. fertile preparation method that spreads manuer in holes is characterized in that: this is spreaded manuer in holes and fertilely mixes the back by quality by the growth substance of 90 ~ 99.5% matrix and 10 ~ 0.5% and constitute;
Wherein, matrix is built the heap fermentation as follows by the stalk of crop and is formed, and concrete steps are following:
A. addressing: fermentation heap is selected in the higher plot of physical features, and heap end windrow stone stays the 30cm gap between the rectangular slab of stone, pile wide 3.5m, long 15 ~ 30m;
B. get the raw materials ready: be deposited in stalk near the fermentation heap of choosing, corn stalk will be cut into 5 ~ 7cm length, and watering makes the water cut of stalk reach 60 ~ 65% then;
C. build heap: on the rectangular slab of stone, build heap to aqueous stalk, pile high 1.5 ~ 1.8m;
D. punching: with tip wooden stick skewer hole on heap, pitch-row 80 ~ 100cm;
E. envelope is piled: with plastics film stockpile is covered;
F. fermentation: insert in the heap with the long-tail TM, every day, secondary was observed temperature, after temperature rises to 65 ~ 70 ℃ in the heap to six days or seven days the time, and no longer intensification, the end of first fermentation period;
G. turning: open the stockpile that stops to heat up,, and give out actinomycetic fragrant for normal at stalk deliquescing, blackening, surface attachment white hypha; Open the back stirring; Moisture content is supplied 60% water cut in the material, and builds heap again in the middle part of being discharged into the outside material of initial pile as far as possible, piles high 130 ~ 160cm; With preceding method punching, envelope heap, insert good TM and began for the second fermentation week;
H. second fermentation period: equitemperature rises to 65 ℃, when temperature does not rise counter falling, stops to get final product in 2 ~ 3 days reactor startup again;
I is dry: through the material of second fermentation period, Air drying behind the reactor startup treats that moisture content reduces to pulverizings in 15 ~ 18% o'clock, acquisition matrix;
Growth substance is mixed with 160 order Paris whites of 99 times of quality after by the mixed of quality 2:1 by indolebutyric acid potassium and α-Nafusaku and obtains.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010105945199A CN102173912B (en) | 2010-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Preparation method of cave-applied fertilizer |
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| CN2010105945199A CN102173912B (en) | 2010-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Preparation method of cave-applied fertilizer |
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| CN102173912A CN102173912A (en) | 2011-09-07 |
| CN102173912B true CN102173912B (en) | 2012-05-09 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103782864A (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2014-05-14 | 广西大学 | Method for promoting rooting through arrangement of root hole |
| CN105967909A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-28 | 全椒县大墅镇刘邦家庭农场 | Hole application fertilizer for directly seeding peanut |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101698620A (en) * | 2009-10-19 | 2010-04-28 | 陈建国 | Method for preparing straw dairy manure organic fertilizer |
| CN101759466A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2010-06-30 | 上海拜森生物技术有限公司 | Treatment method for rice/wheat straw waste |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101759466A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2010-06-30 | 上海拜森生物技术有限公司 | Treatment method for rice/wheat straw waste |
| CN101698620A (en) * | 2009-10-19 | 2010-04-28 | 陈建国 | Method for preparing straw dairy manure organic fertilizer |
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Address after: 273100 No. 1, Pioneer Road, Qufu Economic Development Zone, Shandong, Jining Patentee after: LU HONG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Address before: 273100 No. 1, Pioneer Road, Qufu Economic Development Zone, Shandong, Jining Patentee before: LUHONG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
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Granted publication date: 20120509 Termination date: 20211209 |
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