Summary of the invention
Technical problem is to satisfy the requirement that the vetiver plantation does not receive extraneous climatic factor or the restriction of builder's yard unfavorable factor; Also overcome simultaneously general planting method vetiver and plant the influence of factors such as the back seedling-slowing stage is long, management is loaded down with trivial details, survival rate instability, the present invention provides the bad border of a kind of simple and effective vetiver kind method for planting.
Technical scheme the present invention accomplishes through following technical proposal:
The bad border of a kind of simple and effective vetiver kind method for planting comprises:
(1) selects seedling.Transplanted preceding 2 months in reality, select the living vetiver high quality seedling of 1-2, keep about root length 5cm, about overground part length 20cm, remainder is clipped;
(2) divide seedling.Along being prone to separately the place cluster seedlings of growing thickly are divided into and are no less than 6-8 strain (tillering)/clump, and it is subsequent use to place the mud pulp-water of cleaning to dip in root immediately;
(3) be equipped with soil.Select the high-quality cohesive soil, it is subsequent use to cross 1mm left and right sides mesh screen after pulverizing;
(4) pack.Select the polyethylene plastic bag of high 12~15cm * wide 6~8cm (diameter) for use; Adorn about native 5-8cm high in the polyethylene plastic bag bottom earlier; To dip in the vetiver seedling of mud again and vertically put into bag; Keep root system nature straight configuration, the limit adds the compacting gently of native limit then, and soil surface is lower than about plastics sack 1cm in bag;
(5) grow seedlings.With the neat vertically arrangement of bagged seedlings together; When if non-vetiver normal growth season or ambient temperature are not high at that time; Must place in the 20-30 ℃ of greenhouse and grow seedlings, supply a normal root water alive several times with water sprager or thin sprinkler head again, before a seedling of turning green, keep the 60-80% water capacity always.Treat to gradually reduce the moisturizing frequency after newborn cauline leaf grows, but keep the 60-70% water capacity, and mend composite fertilizer's solution 1-2 time of executing mass ratio 1% concentration;
(6) refining seedling.When being covered with fibrous root in vetiver cauline leaf robust growth, the plastic sack, it is subsequent use to refine seedling 1-2 time again.Refining seedling intensity to heavy, makes root system become faint yellow by tender white by gently;
(7) transplant.Transplant about preceding 1 week and prune cauline leaf once, it is high that overground part keeps 20-30cm.Mending primary water in 1-2 days before transplanting, is the vetiver season of growth if transplant the back, and moisturizing is to soil saturation, otherwise the 60-70% water capacity gets final product.During transplanting, the top careless seedling many, robust growth of tillering selectively.If transplanting the back is the vetiver season of growth, overburden soil should be higher than plastics sack 1-2cm around the plastic sack, otherwise overburden soil should be lower than more than the plastics sack 2cm on every side.
If the vetiver season of growth, transplant direct covering with plastic film to the rhizosphere soil water content in back and be not less than 60% field capacity in continuous at least 10 days, and normally grow till young leaves, the new root.If off-season cultivation, transplant the back outside air temperature when dropping to 0-5 ℃ covering with plastic film to temperature stabilization take off behind the film through till 18 ℃ overcast and rainy that the backfill fine earth gets in the bag to make things convenient for the later stage rainwater a little more than sack in the plantation ditch.But, if temperature in the shed continues to be higher than 45-50 ℃ in many days, should take off film cooling 1-2h at noon during the overlay film, prevent the high temperature seedling that burns, be lowered into motility rate.
Beneficial effect the present invention compared with prior art has advantage and effect:
Advantage: adopt the present invention program; Can effectively solve the vetiver plantation difficult problem under the bad borders such as meeting with high temperature and drought, low temperature or the no pouring condition of plantation point; Thoroughly change the situation that the construction time is limited by the adverse environmental factors influence of construction ground always; Realize annual construction target, the vetiver survival rate is stable under the environment of multiple bad border reaches more than 85%.Secondly, vetiver is transplanted the no seedling-slowing stage in back, is exactly to have prolonged growth and development stage comparatively speaking.Therefore, can set up vegetational type fast, form landscape effect; In addition, can stablize the raising transplanting survival rate, also can change at any time, greatly improve plantation efficient even be short of seedling.Therefore, patent art can realize vetiver seedling standardized production under simple and crude condition, improves vetiver breeding efficiency and seedling quality.Although production cost slightly improves between nursery stage, owing to omitted the loaded down with trivial details management link under the conventional transplanting method, also improve the vetiver survival rate, thereby just saved the later stage expense of filling the gaps with seedlings, cost is low all the better by contrast.We can say, can reduce cost, also can standard production and engineering construction.Shortcoming is: the non-season of growth of vetiver grows seedlings and need in greenhouse or warm canopy, carry out, and has increased certain cost.
The technological difficulties that the present invention solves are: vetiver general planting method transplanting back seedling-slowing stage is long, and survival rate is influenced greatly by extraneous factors such as temperature, moisture, thereby the management cost after the plantation is high, if chance extreme environmental conditions risk is very big.
In addition, nearly 5 years patent art have experienced the check of large-scale engineering bank protection practice, and in the large tracts of land practical applications, the vetiver survival rate all reaches more than 85% under the various situation.
Embodiment
Technical process specifies:
A, summer transplant the back if meet when temperature in the shed surpassed 45-50 ℃ in continuous many days, the high temperature period at noon need be taken off film ventilative 1-2 hour on the leeward, to reduce temperature of shed.And the covering with plastic film time in winter needs correct the grasp during off-season cultivation, generally ability overlay film when outside air temperature drops to 0-5 ℃.Because just can play due effect when having only outside air temperature low, temperature in the shed raises, humidity becomes big otherwise can make, but this period vetiver be in basically and stagnate for a long time, thereby it is rotten to cause vetiver cauline leaf and root to go mouldy.
B, Various Seasonal water management strategy difference.Vetiver stagnates and can not have ponding in the bag between long-term, thus transplant sack position, back winter should be a little more than earthing face on every side, prevent that rainwater or snow melt water from flowing into bag in.But can not be too arid, general soil water-holding capacity 60-70% is advisable.
After C, conditions environmental improved, the root system of vetiver can penetrate plastic film easily and can not influence it and grow.Therefore, plastic sack need be do not sloughed during transplanting, otherwise motility rate can be lowered into.But, can adopt the environmental protection bag of ability natural degradation to replace polyethylene plastic bag in the engineering practice, be intended to reduce white pollution.In addition, the size of plastics is selected strictness for use, undersizedly may reduce effect, but excessively also loses more than gain.
Select the bagged seedlings of cauline leaf robust growth, well developed root system when D, transplanting for use, general 8-10 strain (tillering)/more than the bag, help improving into chance alive.
E, when vetiver growth season plantation; Transplant back rhizosphere soil water content and be not less than 60% water capacity in continuous at least 10 days; And bagged seedlings grows young leaves, new root, perhaps when the vetiver off-season cultivation, when temperature stabilization reaches 18 ℃ after transplanting; All should in time throw off covering with plastic film, in order to avoid influence growing of vetiver.
F, present technique are applicable to area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, and other area can be consulted and used.
Embodiment 1
(1) grows seedlings
Chose 2 years living vetiver seedlings on April 28th, (1) 2005 from the academy of agricultural sciences, Jiangsu Province; It is high to prune back reservation top 20cm; Root system 5cm is long; The Da Cong seedling is prone to separately to punish into every Xiao Cong along it is no less than 6-8 strain (tillering), existing side by side is about to it and vertically is placed in the slime water, keeps root all to immerse in the slime water.
(2) take top layer, Nanjing 20cm soil (clay), it is spread out till airing on the cement court to convenient the pulverizing, it is subsequent use to cross the 1mm sieve after crushed.Water to approaching saturated the previous day in pack, and it is subsequent use to bank up after constantly stirring.
(3) select for use 15cm high, 6cm wide (diameter) polyethylene plastic bag.Place the thick fine earth that sieves of 5cm in the plastic sack bottom earlier, again the vetiver seedling is vertically put into plastic sack, keep root system nature extended configuration.The compacting gently of native limit is adorned on the limit in bag then, till native top layer is apart from the about 1cm in plastic sack top.
(4) with the bagged seedlings overall alignment in the glass booth, supply a normal root water of living, in bag till the soil saturation.After this, took the circumstances into consideration moisturizing once, a bag interior soil 60-80% water-holding capacity is got final product in approximately every separated 5-7 days.
Get into refining seedling stage after the moisturizing on June 18 in 2005, refining on June 29 seedling finishes, and moisturizing once, makes the soil moisture state that reaches capacity.And spray composite fertilizer (Ruihe Chemical Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, auspicious and board 45% (S) are (15-15-15)) solution 1-2 time of 1% left and right sides concentration;
(2) transplanting phase and management (test of simulation high temperature and drought)
After supplying moisture to soil saturation state on June 29th, (1) 2005, select 300 bags of seedlings, the stem tiller number of every bag of seedling is between 10-12.300 bags of seedlings are divided into three parts insert respectively in 3 plastic boxes, around bag, fill up thin dry ground, on plastic box, build one deck plastic canopy again; A built-in Hygrothermograph; Tight with the adhesive tape envelope all around, make to be in sealing state in the case, place in the glass greenhouse booth.
(2) after this, between the every day 12 noon to 3 the observed and recorded temperature of shed once, temperature of shed surpasses 45 ℃ if exist for three days on end, just opens a small gaps ventilated about 1 hour, continues to seal up opening then.
Throw off the plastic canopy that the top covers noon on August 25th, (3) 2005, and keep the skin wet immediately, soil is fully saturated in bag.Statistics regrowth rate on September 2 (having a green stem tiller at least) is 100%.
Embodiment 2
(1) grows seedlings
Chose 1 year living vetiver seedling on September 28th, (1) 2006 from the academy of agricultural sciences, Jiangsu Province; It is high to prune back reservation top 25cm; Root system 5cm is long; The Da Cong seedling is prone to separately to punish into every Xiao Cong along it is no less than 6-8 strain (tillering), existing side by side is about to it and vertically places slime water, keeps root all to immerse in the slime water.
(2) take top layer, Agricultural University Of Nanjing rice test field 20cm soil, it is spread out till airing on the cement court to easy the pulverizing, cross 1mm after soil is pulverized and sieve subsequent use.Water to approaching saturated the previous day in pack, and it is subsequent use to bank up after constantly stirring.
(3) select for use 15cm high, 6cm wide (diameter) polyethylene plastic bag.Place the thick fine earth that sieves of 5cm in the plastic sack bottom earlier, again the vetiver seedling is vertically put into plastic sack, keep root system nature extended configuration.The compacting gently of fine earth limit is adorned in the limit in bag then, till native top layer is apart from the about 1cm in plastic sack top.
(4) with the bagged seedlings overall alignment around in the glass booth of open form, build one deck frame-type plastic greenhouse above that again, a built-in Hygrothermograph.Supply a normal root water of living, in bag till the soil saturation.After this, took the circumstances into consideration moisturizing once, a bag interior soil 60-80% water-holding capacity is got final product in approximately every separated 5-7 days.Get into refining seedling stage after the moisturizing on October 18 in 2005, the refining seedling by light to weighing.The refining seedling initial stage only opens ceiling between at 10 in the morning at 3 in afternoon, after time expand gradually.Refined for the first time seedling October 29 and finish, and moisturizing once, only make that upper soll layer is moistening to get final product.And spray composite fertilizer (Ruihe Chemical Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, auspicious and board 45% (S) are (15-15-15)) solution 1-2 time of 1% left and right sides concentration; November 13 carried out refining the second time seedling, method is with for the first time, and refining on November 25 seedling finishes.
(2) transplanting phase and management (test of simulation off-season cultivation)
Keeping the skin wet on November 27th, (1) 2005 to water capacity 60-70% gets final product, and selects 300 bags of seedlings, and the stem tiller number of every bag of seedling is between 8-10.300 bags of seedlings are divided into three parts insert respectively in 3 plastic boxes, around bag, fill up thin dry ground, sack a little more than around banket.On plastic box, build one deck plastic canopy again, tight with the adhesive tape envelope all around, make to be in sealing state in the case, place outdoor.
At noon on March 10th, (2) 2006, open a gap ventilation in the shed leeward and seal up again after ventilative about 1 hour.So repeatedly, no longer seal up until the 5th day after-opening.Moisturizing at noon on March 18 once only makes that upper soll layer is moistening to get final product, and noon March 23, moisturizing once made soil fully moistening again, and finally threw off the plastic greenhouse on it.Added up the rate (having a green stem tiller at least) of being revival from transplanting, average out to 96.3% on April 7.
Embodiment 3
(1) grows seedlings
Transferred 2 years living vetiver seedlings on September 17th, (1) 2005 from limit, Taihu Lake, Suzhou; It is high to prune back reservation top 20cm; Root system 5cm is long; The Da Cong seedling is prone to separately to punish into every Xiao Cong along it is no less than 6-8 strain (tillering), existing side by side is about to it and vertically places slime water, keeps root all to immerse in the slime water.
(2) take near the vegetable field top layer of orchid construction point, Pu Zhuqu stone bridge town, Nanjing 20cm soil, it is spread out till airing on the cement court to convenient the pulverizing, it is subsequent use to cross the 1mm sieve after soil being pulverized again.Water to approaching saturated the previous day in pack, and it is subsequent use to bank up after constantly stirring.
(3) select for use 17cm high, 8cm wide (diameter) polyethylene plastic bag.Place the thick fine earth that sieves of 5cm in the plastic sack bottom earlier, again the vetiver seedling is vertically put into plastic sack, keep root system nature extended configuration.The compacting gently of fine earth limit is adorned in the limit in bag, till native top layer is apart from the about 1cm in plastic sack top.
(4) with the bagged seedlings overall alignment in the plastic canopy of building, supply a normal root water of living, in bag till the soil saturation.After this took the circumstances into consideration moisturizing once in approximately every separated 5-7 days, and only made complete moistening the getting final product of soil table in the bag at every turn.Get into after the moisturizing on November 18 in 2005 and refine seedling stage, refining on November 29 seedling finishes, and moisturizing once, makes about water capacity 60-70% to get final product.And spray composite fertilizer (Ruihe Chemical Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, auspicious and board 45% (S) are (15-15-15)) solution 1-2 time of 1% left and right sides concentration;
(2) transplanting phase and management (open-air off-season cultivation test)
(1) planting site is that Pu Zhuzhen one highway limit massif excavation in Nanjing is domatic, gradient 45-50 °, on November 29th, 2005 by etc. the capable requirement of height hold planting groove successfully, groove width 15cm, degree of depth 20cm.The vetiver seedling that December 2 will cultivate in advance places in the planting groove, backfill fine earth compacting gently outside bag then, sack a little more than around banket about 2cm.After all plant, film is built one deck plastic canopy in the capable utilization of height such as edge above careless seedling, film all around with using soil compaction.After this, be in the action inspection weekly once, let in air and in time to cover if find overlay film gas leakage.
16-20 day in March, (2) 2006, took off film noon every day on the leeward ventilative about 1 hour, all throw off overlay film noon March 21, and moisturizing is once, till irrigating.March 29 was confirmed delegation at domatic upper, meta and the next respectively at random, and every row is selected continuous 100 caves, and adds up regrowth rate (having a green stem tiller at least) respectively, and obtaining average survival rate is 87.3%.
Embodiment 4
(1) grows seedlings
Selected the 1 year living vetiver seedling (for plantation the previous year) in Sihong County, Jiangsu Province on April 25th, (1) 2010; It is high to prune back reservation top 20cm; Root system 5cm is long; The Da Cong seedling is prone to separately to punish into every Xiao Cong along it is no less than 6-8 strain (tillering), existing side by side is about to it and vertically places slime water, keeps root all to immerse in the slime water.
(2) take near development zone, the Sihong County vegetable field mesexine 20cm soil old river early, spread it out airing on the ground to convenient pulverizing till, again soil being pulverized the back, to cross the 1mm sieve subsequent use.Water to approaching saturated the previous day in pack, and it is subsequent use to bank up after constantly stirring.
(3) select for use 15cm high, 6cm wide (diameter) polyethylene plastic bag.Place the thick fine earth that sieves of 5cm in the plastic sack bottom earlier, again the vetiver seedling is vertically put into plastic sack, keep root system nature extended configuration.The compacting gently of fine earth limit is adorned in the limit in bag, till native top layer is apart from the about 1cm in plastic sack top.
The pot seedling overall alignment that (4) will install bag is supplied a normal root water of living in the glass booth, in bag till the soil saturation.After this took the circumstances into consideration moisturizing once in about every separated 5-7 days, as long as make the interior soil of bag show fully moistening at every turn.Get into refining seedling stage after the moisturizing on June 22 in 2010, refining on July 3 seedling finishes, and moisturizing once, makes the soil moisture state that reaches capacity.And spray composite fertilizer (Ruihe Chemical Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, auspicious and board 45% (S) are (15-15-15)) solution 1-2 time of 1% left and right sides concentration;
(2) transplanting phase and management (open-air high temperature and drought test)
(1) the plantation place the development zone, Sihong County early the riverbank of Chen He domatic on, the about 35-40 of slope of river bank °, on July 3rd, 2010 by etc. the capable requirement of height hold planting groove successfully, ditch groove width 15cm, degree of depth 20cm.The vetiver seedling that July 4 will cultivate in advance is positioned in the planting groove; Backfill fine earth compacting gently outside bag then; Select 3 row (test show area) of 100 meters length respectively in position, domatic upper, middle and lower; Make sack a little more than around banket and (guarantee that extraneous water source can not get into) about 2cm, all the other sacks all a little less than around banket.After plantation finished, film was built one deck plastics coverings shed in the capable utilization of height such as edge above seedling, film all around with using soil compaction.After this, be in the action inspection weekly once, identify problems and timely remedy.
25-27 day in August, (2) 2010, took off film noon every day on the leeward ventilative about 1 hour, all throw off overlay film noon August 28, and supply moisture one time.Added up respectively September 2 the sack height a little more than around banket, the sack height a little less than around banket two types vetiver survival rate; Method still is employed in domatic upper, meta and the next difference is confirmed delegation at random; Every row is selected continuous 100 caves; Add up regrowth rate (having a green stem tiller at least) respectively, obtain average survival rate.The result shows, sack a little more than around the planting patterns of banketing, vetiver survival rate 96.7%, sack a little less than around the planting patterns of banketing, vetiver survival rate 100%.