CN102132663B - Method for monitoring and regulating and controlling pH value of bed soil in seedling raising process of rice in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for monitoring and regulating and controlling pH value of bed soil in seedling raising process of rice in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN102132663B CN102132663B CN2010105358240A CN201010535824A CN102132663B CN 102132663 B CN102132663 B CN 102132663B CN 2010105358240 A CN2010105358240 A CN 2010105358240A CN 201010535824 A CN201010535824 A CN 201010535824A CN 102132663 B CN102132663 B CN 102132663B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for monitoring and regulating and controlling the pH value of bed soil in the seedling raising process of rice in saline-alkali soil. When the pH value of seedling raising bed soil is more than or equal to 6.5, the bed soil is sprayed or subjected to root drenching with acidic water, so that seedlings at the initial stage of the disease are treated effectively, the large-area seedling blight in the rice seedling stage can be prevented from occurring, and the seedling raising loss can be reduced substantially. The acidating water of which the pH value is 5.5 is sprayed to experimental bed soil of which the pH value is 5.5 before sowing and the pH value is 6.5 after sowing for 15 days, the incidence rate of the seedling blight is 0 percent, and disease-free strong seedlings of rice are cultivated finally; and the incidence rate of a control sample of the experimental bed soil is 5 percent. The acidating water of which the pH value is 4.0 is sprayed to comparison bed soil of which the pH value is 6.5 before sowing and the pH value is 7.8 after sowing for 15 days, the incidence rate of the seedling blight is below 20 percent, so the success rate of seedling raising is improved; and the incidence rate of a control sample of the comparison bed soil is over 50 percent. Experiments prove that the method is low in cost, simple in operation and obvious in effect and has the wide application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the soil management technical field, relate to the seedling cultivation of rice technology, the monitoring of bed mud acid basicity and the method for regulation and control in specifically a kind of rice in saline-alkali field seedling raising process.
Background technology
Can seedling cultivation of rice be the important step of rice mechanization cultivation, between nursery stage, cultivate anosis paddy rice strong sprout, is the key of capturing rice high yield.Cultivate paddy rice and will control many growing environment key elements anosis strong sprout, like temperature, moisture, nutrient, illumination, soil type, quality composition and acid-base value (pH value) etc.Wherein, whether the science of the size of the preceding seedling bed earth acid-base value of sowing and the acid-base value regulation and administration in the seedling raising process determines the success or failure of seedling cultivation of rice.
The technology adjustings of paying attention to sowing external crucible mud acid basicity are in the past after planting seldom carried out acid-base value monitoring and regulation and control flexibly more before transplanting, cause the appearance of weak seedling or the generation of damping off.The existing research report of the pathogenesis of rice seedling blight and harm (list of references: Yu Hongman, Huang Hongping, Tang Yong. the modulator of growing seedlings is prevented and treated the research of rice seedling blight mechanism. seed .2004,1:27-30).Numerous researchs show that the ideal pH value scope of rice seedling bed earth is between 4.5-5.5, but it is constant between whole nursery stage, to be difficult to keep this low pH state.In the rice in saline-alkali field seedling raising process; Because daytime, the intensification of rice seedling on upland field booth was higher, water evaporates is strong, very easily causes moving or showing on the salt and alkali component in the bed soil in the seedling raising process gathering; Cause the original lower continuous lifting of the native pH value of bed, bring out the occurrence probability of damping off.Especially run into early spring low temperature or degree/day change the time greatly; Rice seedling bed earth acid-base value in the green house raises too fast; Rhizoctonia solani will rapid spread, and the incidence of disease of seedling blight significantly increases, and causes the large tracts of land of rice seedling dead when serious; The harvest of profound influence paddy rice takes place in the disconnected bar phenomenon of being short of seedling in the time of can't being used for rice transplanting or causing machine rice transplantation.
Therefore; The variation tendency of bed mud acid basicity in the dynamic monitoring seedling raising process; Seek the regulate and control method of science, the problem that suppresses the too fast rising of bed mud acid basicity is to need the realistic problem of solving on the Rice Production badly, and is significant anosis strong sprout to cultivating paddy rice.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the too fast key technology difficult problem of bed mud acid basicity rising in the rice in saline-alkali field seedling raising process, the invention provides the monitoring and the regulate and control method of seedling bed earth acid-base value in the rice in saline-alkali field seedling raising process.Wherein the size of bed mud acid basicity is used the pH value representation.The ideal pH value scope of rice seedling bed earth is between 4.5-5.5; Normal fertile scope pH value is between 4.5-6.5; But it is constant between whole nursery stage, to be difficult to keep this low pH state; When bed native pH value >=6.5 after planting, will increase the danger that damping off takes place greatly, timely changing condition carry out the native pH value of bed artificial regulatory at any time according to the pH value.Key step of the present invention is at first to adopt dynamic sampling monitoring to analyze the native pH value situation of bed; When pH value >=6.5; Through adding the method that acid is watered, can suppress the continuation lifting of the native pH value of bed rapidly, reduce the incidence of seedling blight; Promote the rice seedling healthy growth and development, simple and feasible new technology is provided anosis strong sprout for cultivating paddy rice.
The monitoring and the regulate and control method of seedling bed earth acid-base value are following in the rice in saline-alkali field seedling raising process provided by the invention:
1, grow seedlings before seedling bed earth pH value definite
In order to confirm the native acid-base value of initial stage bed of growing seedlings; Before sowing, the selected seedling bed earth or the good seedling bed earth of adjusting are taken a sample; The pH value of seedling bed earth before mensuration is broadcast; The pH value scope of the normal seedling bed earth of seedling cultivation of rice is between 4.5-6.5, and the pH value scope of the rice seedling bed earth of the desirable fertility of seedling cultivation of rice is between 4.5-5.5; If when the initial pH value of seedling bed earth surpassed described upper range before the sowing, it was interval to be corrected to this scope prior to seeding;
2, sowing and seedling management
Utilize the above-mentioned seedling bed earth for preparing to sow, the type of seeding in land for growing field crops is carried out with reference to local conventional method, the seedling-cultivating tray of use 60cm * 30cm * 2.5cm specification; Every dish seeding quantity is 80-120g; Earthing 0.5-1.0cm after planting, emerge back moisture and temperature treatment are undertaken by the common rice seedling on upland field of routine, and the mean temperature between nursery stage remains between 20-25 ℃; Temperature is too high will in time ventilate, and prevents the high temperature rice shoot of burning;
3, seedling bed earth acid-base value dynamic monitoring
After insemination and emergence, general whenever at random seedling bed earth was taken a sample at a distance from 5-10 days measured the native pH value of bed; Take 5 diagonal sampling methods, the bed soil during every some sampling 10-15g grows seedlings, natural air drying or conventional method oven dry; Get 5-10g soil after fully mixing, by soil: the ratio of water weight ratio=1: 5 adds water, the natural subsidence that stirs afterwards 30 minutes; Measure the pH value of supernatant with common pH meter; When the native pH value of bed after planting rises to >=6.5 when above, will regulate and control by following method, with the further lifting of a prevention native pH value;
4, the adjusting of seedling bed earth acid-base value and damping off resistance control
If pH value >=6.5 o'clock of monitoring seedling bed earth use the pH value pH value of seedling bed earth to be adjusted to the pH value scope of the normal seedling bed earth of described seedling cultivation of rice as the acidifying water of 4.0-5.5;
Perhaps; Had been found that part damping off spot has just occurred or damping off when large tracts of land has taken place when rice seedling bed; After having detected the native pH value of bed, though bed soil in pH value between 5.5-6.5, also must in time adopt the acidifying water spraying or the part filling root of pH value 4.0; P H value is dropped to the interval of 4.5-5.5, hinder control and treatment;
The acidifying water preparation method of described different pH values can adopt the conventional criteria curve method, and the sour agent of proofreading and correct as the pH value with the industrial concentrated sulfuric acid or acetic acid is prepared after sour agent converted water;
Acidifying water is sprayed on the rice shoot with watering can or electronic sprinkling irrigation equipment, and sprinkling amount and number of times will be confirmed according to the bed mud acid basicity size before and after the adjustment; Spray and finish after 1 day, measure the pH value of broadcasting seedling bed earth according to the method for step 3, the native pH value of adjustment bed is between described interval.
Invention effect: the monitoring and the regulate and control method of seedling bed earth acid-base value in the rice in saline-alkali field seedling raising process provided by the invention; When seedling bed earth pH value >=6.5, adopt acidifying water to spray or irritate the method for root; Can effectively treat or effectively prevent spreading of scab to the rice shoot of initial stage morbidity; Can also prevent the large tracts of land of rice seedling damping off to take place, reduce the loss of growing seedlings significantly, the prevention and the treatment of rice in saline-alkali field main disease damping off in seedling stage had remarkable result.The pH value of experiment bed soil is 5.5 before the sowing, and after planting 15 days pH value value is that 6.5 experiment bed is native, and the preventive effect that sprays the pH value and be 5.5 acidifying water damping off is good, and the incidence of disease is 0 finally to cultivate anosis paddy rice strong sprout. Its check sample incidence of disease is 5%.The pH value of contrast bed soil is 6.5 before the sowing, and after planting 15 days pH value is that 7.8 contrast bed is native, sprays that the incidence of disease of damping off is controlled at below 20% behind the acidifying water of pH4.0, the raising success rate of growing seedlings.Its check sample incidence of disease is more than 50%; Adopting p H value is that 4.0 acidifying water carries out part filling root to the morbidity seedling, and damping off incidence of disease specific leaf area sprays further reduction about 5%.
Experiment showed, that method provided by the invention is with low cost, simple to operate, effect is obvious, has broad application prospects.
Embodiment
The monitoring and the regulate and control method of seedling bed earth acid-base value in the embodiment 1 rice in saline-alkali field seedling raising process provided by the invention:
The present invention was in the 4-5 month in 2009 and 2010; Utilize said method in ecological experiment station, the Chinese Academy of Sciences big peace alkali ground (red mound township, Daan City, Chinese Jilin Province) seedling cultivation greenhouse carry out experimental study and demonstration; Wherein, several 500 dishes of test seedling-cultivating tray in 2009, the seedling-cultivating tray specification is 60cm * 30cm * 2.5cm; Every dish dress seedling bed earth 3.0 ± 0.1kg, down together; Contrast 500 dishes, several 3000 dishes of seedling-cultivating tray in 2010, contrast 3000 dishes.The result proves that method of the present invention has repeatability, and effect is remarkable.
Before the sowing preprepared nutritious seedling-growing bed soil is adjusted to the pH value and be 4.5-5.5, be referred to as experiment bed soil.Be ready to the pH value simultaneously and be 7.0 ± 0.5 contrast bed soil.Begin simultaneously then to sow by conventional method, promptly adopt the seedling-cultivating tray of 60cm * 30cm * 2.5cm specification to grow seedlings, its seeding quantity is every dish 80 ± 5g, after planting earthing 0.5-1.0cm.Broadcast the back covering film seedling dish was put in the greenhouse continuous culture 40 days.Moisture and temperature treatment are undertaken by the common rice seedling on upland field of being used to row after emerging; Every primary water that watered at a distance from 2 days before leaf age 1.5 leaves; 1.5-2.5 every primary water that watered at a distance from 1 or 2 day between the leaf, water primary water every day after 2.5 leaves, and the mean temperature between nursery stage remains between 20-25 ℃; Temperature is too high will in time ventilate, and prevents the high temperature rice shoot of burning.
Whenever got the soil sample of growing seedlings at random by diagonal method after emerging at a distance from 5 days; The bed soil of 10 ± 5g in growing seedlings is approximately got in every some sampling; 10g soil is got in abundant mixing again behind the natural air drying; In soil: the ratio of water weight ratio=1: 5 adds water, and the back natural subsidence that stirs 30 minutes is with the pH value of common pH meter mensuration supernatant.Before 15 days after emerging, the pH value of detection is in described scope.
After emerging, after 15 days, find that the pH value of seedling bed earth rises to more than 6.5, but do not find damping off.And contrast bed soil pH value this moment is more than 7.8, and finds that part damping off spot occurs.
Then, spray the pH value respectively and be 5.5 or the pH value be that the acidifying water of 4.0 the industrial concentrated sulfuric acid preparation of usefulness prevents or treats, measured a pH value in per 2 days, a native pH value is remained between the 5.5-.6.0; What the result obtained is anosis strong sprout entirely.With what do not spray acidifying water is check sample, and effect is seen table 1.
Visible by table 1, the pH value of experiment bed soil is 5.5 before the sowing, and after planting 15 days pH value value is that 6.5 experiment bed is native, and the preventive effect that sprays the pH value and be 5.5 acidifying water damping off is good, and the incidence of disease is 0; Its check sample incidence of disease is 5%.
The pH value of contrast bed soil is 6.5 before the sowing, and after planting 15 days pH value is that 7.8 contrast bed is native, sprays that the incidence of disease of damping off is controlled at below 20% behind the acidifying water of pH4.0, and its check sample incidence of disease is that effect is obvious more than 50%.
Embodiment 2 present embodiments and embodiment 1 are different is that to adopt acetic acid modulation pH value be that 4.0 or 4.5 acidifying water prevents or treats, and other is identical with embodiment 1, has obtained the effect identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3 present embodiments and embodiment 1 are different is that to adopt p H value be that 4.0 acidifying water carries out part filling root to the morbidity seedling; Its pH value strictness is dropped in the interval of 4.5-5.5; Other same embodiment 1 or 2, damping off incidence of disease specific leaf area sprays further reduction about 5%.
Table 1
Claims (2)
1. the monitoring and the regulate and control method of seedling bed earth acid-base value in the rice in saline-alkali field seedling raising process is characterized in that step is following:
(1) grow seedlings before seedling bed earth pH value definite
In order to confirm the native acid-base value of initial stage bed of growing seedlings; Before sowing, the selected seedling bed earth or the good seedling bed earth of adjusting are taken a sample; The pH value of seedling bed earth before mensuration is broadcast; The pH value scope of the normal seedling bed earth of seedling cultivation of rice is between 4.5-6.5, if the initial pH value of seedling bed earth surpasses going up in limited time of said scope before the sowing, it is interval to be corrected to this scope prior to seeding;
(2) sowing and seedling management
Utilize the above-mentioned seedling bed earth for preparing to sow; The type of seeding in land for growing field crops is carried out with reference to local conventional method, the seedling-cultivating tray of use 60cm * 30cm * 2.5cm specification, every dish seeding quantity is 80-120g; Earthing 0.5-1.0cm after planting; Moisture and temperature treatment are undertaken by the common rice seedling on upland field of routine after emerging, and the mean temperature between nursery stage remains between 20-25 ℃, and temperature is too high will in time ventilate;
(3) seedling bed earth acid-base value dynamic monitoring
After insemination and emergence, whenever at random seedling bed earth was taken a sample at a distance from 5-10 days, measure the native pH value of bed; Take 5 diagonal sampling methods, every some sampling 10-15g seedling bed earth, natural air drying or conventional method oven dry; Get 5-10g soil after fully mixing, by soil: the ratio of water weight ratio=1: 5 adds water, the natural subsidence that stirs afterwards 30 minutes; Measure the pH value of supernatant with common pH meter, when a native pH value after planting rises to >=6.5 the time, will regulate and control by following method;
(4) adjusting of seedling bed earth acid-base value and damping off resistance control
If pH value >=6.5 o'clock of monitoring seedling bed earth use the pH value pH value of seedling bed earth to be adjusted to the pH value scope of the normal seedling bed earth of described seedling cultivation of rice as the acidifying water of 4.0-5.5;
Perhaps; Had been found that part damping off spot has just occurred or damping off when large tracts of land has taken place when rice seedling bed; After having detected the native pH value of bed, even the native pH value of bed between 5.5-6.5, also must in time adopt the acidifying water of pH value 4.0 to spray or the local root of irritating; The pH value is dropped to the interval of 4.5-5.5, hinder control and treatment;
The acidifying water preparation method of described different pH values adopts the conventional criteria curve method, and the sour agent of proofreading and correct as the pH value with the industrial concentrated sulfuric acid or acetic acid is prepared after sour agent converted water;
Acidifying water is sprayed on the rice shoot with watering can or electronic sprinkling irrigation equipment, and sprinkling amount and number of times will be confirmed according to the bed mud acid basicity size before and after the adjustment; Spray to finish after 1 day, measure the pH value of seedling bed earth according to the method for step (3), an adjustment native pH value is between described interval.
2. the monitoring and the regulate and control method of seedling bed earth acid-base value in the rice in saline-alkali field seedling raising process as claimed in claim 1, the pH value scope that it is characterized in that the normal seedling bed earth of described seedling cultivation of rice is between 4.5-5.5.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103109670A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-05-22 | 江苏海景园林发展有限公司 | Method for maintaining and managing afforestation of saline and alkaline land |
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| CN107889585A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-04-10 | 韦彩燕 | A kind of implement of big data scientific management |
| CN111820090A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-10-27 | 上海北禾水土环保科技有限公司 | Alkali soil seedbed management method |
| CN111820089A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-10-27 | 上海北禾水土环保科技有限公司 | Planting method of weak-alkali rice |
| CN111685002A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-22 | 徐州惠满丰种业有限公司 | Seedling raising method for colored rice and using method thereof |
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| CN1299584A (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2001-06-20 | 中国科学院长春地理研究所 | Large rice seedling growing technology in container for resiting cultivation in saline-alkaline land |
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| CN1299584A (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2001-06-20 | 中国科学院长春地理研究所 | Large rice seedling growing technology in container for resiting cultivation in saline-alkaline land |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103109670A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-05-22 | 江苏海景园林发展有限公司 | Method for maintaining and managing afforestation of saline and alkaline land |
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