CN111820089A - Planting method of weak-alkali rice - Google Patents
Planting method of weak-alkali rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN111820089A CN111820089A CN201910322383.7A CN201910322383A CN111820089A CN 111820089 A CN111820089 A CN 111820089A CN 201910322383 A CN201910322383 A CN 201910322383A CN 111820089 A CN111820089 A CN 111820089A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a planting method of weak alkali rice, which is used for effectively improving the planting quality of the weak alkali rice. The planting method of the weak alkali rice comprises the following steps of seed treatment, seedling cultivation and seedling transplantation, wherein the seed treatment comprises the following steps: coating a seed coating agent on the surface of the seed before sowing, and soaking the seed coated with the seed coating agent in a soaking solution for 5-7 days, wherein the seed coating agent contains triazole bactericidal pesticide, the soaking solution is water added with bactericide, and the pH value of the soaking solution is 6.9-7.1; seedling cultivation: paving a cushion layer in a greenhouse, paving a seedling tray on the cushion layer, paving bottom soil with the thickness of 1.5-2cm and the pH value of 6.2-6.5 on the seedling tray, sowing seeds after seed treatment on the bottom soil in the seedling tray under the condition that the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 12 ℃, and paving top soil on the seeds to enable the sum of the thicknesses of the bottom soil and the top soil to be 2.5-3cm so as to form a seedbed; controlling the pH value of the seedbed and the temperature in the greenhouse in the seed development period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a weak-alkali rice planting method.
Background
The rice is one of the main crops in China, has short growth cycle and high yield, is deeply favored by people, and also meets the national situation requirements of numerous population in China. With the development of rice planting technology and the improvement of the requirement on the per mu yield of rice, at present, more and more areas are planted with rice in a transplanting mode, the planting density of the rice can be reasonably distributed through transplanting, the development of root systems is promoted, and lodging is prevented. At present, widely planted rice is an alkaline food, researches show that acidic food can acidify blood after being digested and absorbed by human bodies to cause various diseases, and polyphagia alkaline and alkalescent food can maintain the alkalescence of the blood, so that acidic substances such as lactic acid, urea and the like in the blood are greatly reduced, and can be prevented from precipitating on blood vessel walls, and therefore the alkaline and alkalescent food has the effect of softening the blood vessels.
In the related art, weakly alkaline rice is developed and planted as an alkaline food. The planting method of weak alkali rice adopts the existing planting method of rice, and has no specific planting method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a weak alkali rice planting method which can effectively improve the planting quality of weak alkali rice.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a planting method of weak-alkali rice, seed treatment, seedling cultivation and seedling transplantation,
seed treatment: coating a seed coating agent on the surface of the seed before sowing, and soaking the seed coated with the seed coating agent in a soaking solution for 5-7 days, wherein the seed coating agent contains triazole bactericidal pesticide, the soaking solution is water added with bactericide, and the pH value of the soaking solution is 6.9-7.1;
seedling cultivation: paving a cushion layer in a greenhouse, paving a seedling tray on the cushion layer, paving bottom soil with the thickness of 1.5-2cm and the pH value of 6.2-6.5 on the seedling tray, sowing seeds after seed treatment on the bottom soil in the seedling tray under the condition that the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 12 ℃, and paving top soil on the seeds to enable the sum of the thicknesses of the bottom soil and the top soil to be 2.5-3cm so as to form a seedbed;
wherein, when the seeds are not germinated to just bud, and in the period of needle setting, the period from one leaf to one leaf and one heart, the period from two leaves to two leaves and one heart, and the period from three leaves to three leaves and one heart are till the seedling transplantation, the PH value of the seedbed is controlled to be 3.8-4.5, 4.5-5.0, 5.0-5.5 and not higher than 6.0 in sequence; during the growth of the seed root, the first leaf extending stage, the second leaf extending stage and the third leaf extending stage, the temperature inside the greenhouse is controlled to 10-35 deg.c, 10-30 deg.c, 10-28 deg.c and 10-25 deg.c successively.
Preferably, after sowing, the pH of the seedbed is controlled to 3.8-4.5 by spraying disease-resistant organic acid on the seedbed.
Preferably, the disease-resistant organic acid contains the following components in percentage by mass: n + P2O5+ K2O is more than or equal to 4.5 percent, 2.5-1.5-0.5 percent of zinc is more than or equal to 0.05 percent, and free acid is more than or equal to 12 percent.
Preferably, in the three-leaf stage, the pH value of the seedbed is controlled to be not higher than 6.0 by spraying the acidic rice seedling strengthening agent on the seedbed.
Preferably, the acidic rice seedling strengthening agent contains the following components in percentage by mass: n is more than or equal to 10 percent, P2O5 is more than or equal to 6 percent, K2O is more than or equal to 3 percent, and Zn is more than or equal to 0.2 percent.
Preferably, the impregnation fluid is well water to which a bactericide is added.
Preferably, the pH of the cushion layer is not higher than 7.0.
Preferably, the temperature for the development of the seed roots is 25-28 ℃; the temperature of one leaf in the stretching period is 22-25 ℃; the temperature of the two leaves in the stretching period is 22-24 ℃; the temperature of the three leaves in the stretching period is 20-22 ℃.
Preferably, a plurality of temperature sensors for detecting the temperature in the greenhouse are arranged in the greenhouse, and the detection values of the temperature sensors are used for controlling the ventilation volume in the greenhouse to realize temperature control.
Preferably, the seed coating agent is a suspension type seed coating agent containing the triazole bactericidal pesticide.
The planting method of the weak alkali rice provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following technical effects: the planting method of the weak alkali rice comprises the following steps of seed treatment, seedling cultivation and seedling transplantation, wherein the seed treatment comprises the following steps: coating a seed coating agent on the surface of the seed before sowing, and soaking the seed coated with the seed coating agent in a soaking solution for 5-7 days, wherein the seed coating agent contains triazole bactericidal pesticide, the soaking solution is water added with bactericide, and the pH value of the soaking solution is 6.9-7.1; seedling cultivation: paving a cushion layer in a greenhouse, paving a seedling tray on the cushion layer, paving bottom soil with the thickness of 1.5-2cm and the pH value of 6.2-6.5 on the seedling tray, sowing seeds after seed treatment on the bottom soil in the seedling tray under the condition that the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 12 ℃, and paving top soil on the seeds to enable the sum of the thicknesses of the bottom soil and the top soil to be 2.5-3cm so as to form a seedbed; controlling the pH value of the seedbed and the temperature in the greenhouse in the seed development period. Therefore, the planting quality of the weak alkali rice can be effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The planting method of the weak alkali rice comprises seed treatment, seedling cultivation and seedling transplantation.
Seed treatment: coating a seed coating agent on the surface of the seed before sowing, and soaking the seed coated with the seed coating agent in a soaking solution for 5-7 days, wherein the seed coating agent contains triazole bactericidal pesticide, the soaking solution is water added with bactericide, and the pH value of the soaking solution is 6.9-7.1.
In this embodiment, the seed coating agent is a suspension type seed coating agent containing a triazole bactericidal pesticide. For example, tebuconazole (mass percent) is 0.25% as a suspension type seed coating agent.
In this embodiment, the dipping solution is well water to which a bactericide is added. Generally, the pH value of the well water is about 7, so that the pH value of the water sample can be prevented from being adjusted additionally, and the pH value of an impregnation liquid formed by adding the bactericide into the water sample is 6.9-7.1. The bactericide can be selected from prochloraz, the content of active ingredients is 25 percent (mass percentage), the dosage form is missible oil, and the dosage is 40 jin (seeds)/mL.
Seedling cultivation: paving a cushion layer in a greenhouse, paving a seedling tray on the cushion layer, paving bottom soil with the thickness of 1.5-2cm and the pH value of 6.2-6.5 on the seedling tray, sowing seeds after seed treatment on the bottom soil in the seedling tray under the condition that the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 12 ℃, and paving top soil on the seeds to enable the sum of the thicknesses of the bottom soil and the top soil to be 2.5-3cm so as to form a seedbed.
Wherein, when the seeds are not germinated to just bud and in the period of needle setting, the pH value of the seedbed is controlled to be 3.8-4.5; controlling the pH value of the seedbed to be 4.5-5.0 in the period from one leaf to one heart of the seeds; controlling the pH value of the seedbed to be 5.0-5.5 in the period from two leaves to two leaves and one heart of the seeds, and controlling the pH value of the seedbed to be not higher than 6.0 in the period from three leaves to three leaves and one heart of the seeds until the seedlings are transplanted.
Wherein, when the seed root grows, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 10-35 ℃; in the first leaf extending period, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 10-30 ℃; in the two-leaf stretching period, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 10-28 ℃; in the three-leaf expansion period, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 10-25 ℃. Further preferably, when the seed roots develop, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 25-28 ℃; in the first leaf stretching period, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-25 ℃; in the two-leaf stretching period, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 22-24 ℃; in the three-leaf expansion period, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 20-22 ℃.
Wherein, the bottom soil provides environmental conditions for seed development and seedling growth; the top soil is only used for covering the seeds, and acidification and nutrition blending are not needed; the seedling disk is generally a floppy disk, and the floppy disk has the following advantages: the cultivated seedlings have good quality (such as uniformity, consistent leaf width, uniform thickness and the like), are not easy to cause diseases, can greatly improve the proportion of the seedling in the field, can promote the development of seedling cultivation to the direction of intensification and specialization (suitable for mechanical seedling transplanting), are convenient to manage, and can reduce the seedling cultivation cost.
In the embodiment, the pH value of the subsoil is 6.2-6.5 by adding the acid rice seedling strengthening agent into the subsoil.
In the prior art, the bed soil is generally made of soil with low pH value and high contents of organic matters and trace elements in the natural environment. It is understood that, in the case of an area poor in soil, the bed soil may be prepared by adding acidic substances, organic substances and trace elements so that the bed soil has a low PH and contains a large amount of organic substances and trace elements. However, in either way, the use of soil containing pesticide residues and fertilizer residues is prohibited.
Generally speaking, after the acid rice seedling strengthening agent is added into the subsoil, the subsoil needs to be subjected to stuffy mixing for 3-5 days so as to enable the pH value of the subsoil to be uniformly distributed, after the stuffy mixing, the subsoil needs to be subjected to pH value measurement at least twice so as to ensure that the pH value of the subsoil is uniformly distributed, and the interval time of each measurement is not less than 3 days. During measurement, 5-10 samples need to be taken at different positions and different depths of the soil pile and are uniformly mixed (when a plurality of soil piles exist, the different soil piles need to be sampled and the samples of the different soil piles need to be uniformly mixed), 5-10 PH values are taken for the mixed samples, and the PH values of the soil samples are obtained on average by the 5-10 PH values.
In this example, after sowing, the pH of the seedbed was controlled to 3.8-4.5 by spraying disease-resistant organic acid on the seedbed.
Further, the disease-resistant organic acid can be selected from the following components in mass ratio: n + P2O5+K2More than or equal to 4.5 percent of O, more than or equal to 0.05 percent of 2.5-1.5-0.5 percent of zinc and more than or equal to 12 percent of free acid.
In this example, the pH of the seedbed was controlled to not higher than 6.0 by spraying the acidic rice seedling-strengthening agent on the seedbed during the three-leaf period (including the period from three leaves to one heart).
Further, the acidic rice seedling strengthening agent can be selected from the following components in percentage by mass: n is more than or equal to 10 percent, P2O5≥6％，K2More than or equal to 3 percent of O and more than or equal to 0.2 percent of Zn. The pH value of the seedbed soil can rise along with the growth of the rice seedlings, the nutrient components of the seedbed soil can be reduced, the acidic rice seedling strengthening agent sprayed on the seedbed in the three-leaf period can not only supplement the nutrition of the seedbed to promote the growth and development of the rice seedlings, but also control the pH value of the seedbed.
In this example, the acidic rice seedling strengthening agent is a solid acid (e.g., Baochang rice seedling strengthening agent (strongly acidic)). The solid acid can facilitate the uniform mixing of the bottom soil and the acidic rice seedling strengthening agent during the blending of the seedbed soil.
In this embodiment, the pH of the cushion layer is not higher than 7.0. When the pH value of the cushion layer exceeds 7, the soil begins to be alkali-resistant.
In this embodiment, a plurality of temperature sensors for detecting the temperature in the greenhouse are provided in the greenhouse, and the ventilation volume in the greenhouse is controlled by the detection values of the plurality of temperature sensors to realize temperature control. The ventilation of the greenhouse can be realized by opening and closing the inlets at two sides and the dovetail grooves at two sides of the greenhouse, and the ventilation volume can be controlled by the opening degree of the inlets at two sides and the dovetail grooves at two sides of the greenhouse. In the prior art, the opening, closing and opening degrees of inlets at two sides and dovetail grooves at two sides of the greenhouse can be automatically controlled through detection values of a plurality of temperature sensors, and the opening, closing and opening degrees can also be manually controlled.
The planting method of the weak alkali rice provided by the embodiment at least has the following technical effects: the planting method of the weak alkali rice comprises the following steps of seed treatment, seedling cultivation and seedling transplantation, wherein the seed treatment comprises the following steps: coating a seed coating agent on the surface of the seed before sowing, and soaking the seed coated with the seed coating agent in a soaking solution for 5-7 days, wherein the seed coating agent contains triazole bactericidal pesticide, the soaking solution is water added with bactericide, and the pH value of the soaking solution is 6.9-7.1; seedling cultivation: paving a cushion layer in a greenhouse, paving a seedling tray on the cushion layer, paving bottom soil with the thickness of 1.5-2cm and the pH value of 6.2-6.5 on the seedling tray, sowing seeds after seed treatment on the bottom soil in the seedling tray under the condition that the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 12 ℃, and paving top soil on the seeds to enable the sum of the thicknesses of the bottom soil and the top soil to be 2.5-3cm so as to form a seedbed; controlling the pH value of the seedbed and the temperature in the greenhouse in the seed development period. Therefore, the planting quality of the weak alkali rice can be effectively improved.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method of weak-alkali rice, seed treatment, seedling cultivation and seedling transplantation, which is characterized in that,
seed treatment: coating a seed coating agent on the surface of the seed before sowing, and soaking the seed coated with the seed coating agent in a soaking solution for 5-7 days, wherein the seed coating agent contains triazole bactericidal pesticide, the soaking solution is water added with bactericide, and the pH value of the soaking solution is 6.9-7.1;
seedling cultivation: paving a cushion layer in a greenhouse, paving a seedling tray on the cushion layer, paving bottom soil with the thickness of 1.5-2cm and the pH value of 6.2-6.5 on the seedling tray, sowing seeds after seed treatment on the bottom soil in the seedling tray under the condition that the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 12 ℃, and paving top soil on the seeds to enable the sum of the thicknesses of the bottom soil and the top soil to be 2.5-3cm so as to form a seedbed;
wherein, when the seeds are not germinated to just bud, and in the period of needle setting, the period from one leaf to one leaf and one heart, the period from two leaves to two leaves and one heart, and the period from three leaves to three leaves and one heart are till the seedling transplantation, the PH value of the seedbed is controlled to be 3.8-4.5, 4.5-5.0, 5.0-5.5 and not higher than 6.0 in sequence; during the growth of the seed root, the first leaf extending stage, the second leaf extending stage and the third leaf extending stage, the temperature inside the greenhouse is controlled to 10-35 deg.c, 10-30 deg.c, 10-28 deg.c and 10-25 deg.c successively.
2. The method for planting weakly alkaline rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH of the seedbed is controlled to 3.8 to 4.5 by spraying disease-resistant organic acid on the seedbed after sowing.
3. The planting method of weak alkali rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein the disease-resistant organic acid contains the following components in mass ratio: n + P2O5+ K2O is more than or equal to 4.5 percent, 2.5-1.5-0.5 percent of zinc is more than or equal to 0.05 percent, and free acid is more than or equal to 12 percent.
4. The method for planting weakly alkaline rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH of the seedbed is controlled to not higher than 6.0 in the trefoil stage by spraying an acidic rice seedling-strengthening agent on the seedbed.
5. A method for planting weak alkali rice as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the acidic rice seedling strengthening agent contains the following components by mass ratio: n is more than or equal to 10 percent, P2O5 is more than or equal to 6 percent, K2O is more than or equal to 3 percent, and Zn is more than or equal to 0.2 percent.
6. The method for planting weakly alkaline rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steeping liquor is well water to which a bactericide is added.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mat has a pH of not higher than 7.0.
8. The method for planting weak alkaline rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature for the development of the seed root is 25-28 ℃; the temperature of one leaf in the stretching period is 22-25 ℃; the temperature of the two leaves in the stretching period is 22-24 ℃; the temperature of the three leaves in the stretching period is 20-22 ℃.
9. The planting method of weak alkali rice as claimed in claim 1 or 8, wherein a plurality of temperature sensors for detecting the temperature in the greenhouse are provided in the greenhouse, and the temperature control is realized by controlling the ventilation rate in the greenhouse through the detection values of the plurality of temperature sensors.
10. The planting method of weak alkali rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed coating agent is a suspension type seed coating agent containing triazole pesticide.
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Application publication date: 20201027 |