CN102119151A - 4-氧代-八氢-吲哚-1-羧酸甲基酯及其衍生物的制备方法 - Google Patents

4-氧代-八氢-吲哚-1-羧酸甲基酯及其衍生物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102119151A
CN102119151A CN2009801306666A CN200980130666A CN102119151A CN 102119151 A CN102119151 A CN 102119151A CN 2009801306666 A CN2009801306666 A CN 2009801306666A CN 200980130666 A CN200980130666 A CN 200980130666A CN 102119151 A CN102119151 A CN 102119151A
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E·屈斯特斯
M·阿克莫格鲁
P·卢斯滕贝格尔
G·塞德尔迈尔
B·施密特
G·佩恩
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Abstract

本发明涉及制备(3aR,4S,7aR)-4-羟基-4-间甲苯基乙炔基-八氢-吲哚-1-羧酸甲基酯(I)、氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-烷基酯对映体(II)和1-烷氧羰基-4-酮全氢吲哚对映体(III)的方法。

Description

4-氧代-八氢-吲哚-1-羧酸甲基酯及其衍生物的制备方法
本发明涉及氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-烷基酯对映体和1-烷氧羰基-4-酮全氢吲哚对映体的制备方法。
WO 03/47581公开了一系列对于人类代谢型谷氨酸受体(mGluRs)具有活性的乙炔衍生物。特别地,公开了化合物(3aR,4S,7aR)-4-羟基-4-间甲苯基乙炔基-八氢-吲哚-1-羧酸甲基酯,其可以游离碱或酸加成盐形式获得,并具有式(I):
Figure BDA0000046513500000011
WO 03/47581还公开上述化合物的制备方法,其包括1,5,6,7-四氢吲哚-4-酮衍生物的氢化。氢化步骤是麻烦的、低收率的以及对于(3aR,4S,7aR)立体异构体具有差的选择性。还形成不希望的副产物。
根据本发明,提供一种用于制备式(I)化合物或其可药用盐的替代方法,其包括使3-乙炔基甲苯与式(II)化合物或其盐反应以形成式(I)化合物和任选地将式(I)化合物转化成可药用盐:
Figure BDA0000046513500000012
上述反应优选地在碱的存在下进行,所述碱促进乙炔基的去质子化。在一个实施方案中,碱为烷基锂试剂如正己基锂。反应可在非质子溶剂如四氢呋喃中进行。
式(II)化合物可通过环化式(III)化合物或其盐而获得:
Figure BDA0000046513500000021
其中R1为离去基团。
环化可使用碱进行,所述碱可对环己酮环的2-位进行去质子化。举例而言,碱可包括吡咯烷和三乙胺的混合物。反应可在有机溶剂如甲苯中进行。
由R1表示的合适的离去基团对于本领域熟练技术人员是显而易见的,并包括例如卤素如氯、溴或碘、甲苯磺酸酯、甲磺酸盐(mesylate)、烷基磺酸酯如甲磺酸酯和卤磺酸酯如氟磺酸酯。
式(III)化合物优选包含过量的如上式中所示的(R)对映体,更优选所述对映体的基本上纯的形式。在一个实施方案中,式(III)化合物包含大于70%、更优选大于90%、更优选大于95%的(R)对映体。所需的对映体可通过溶解式(III)化合物的对映体混合物如外消旋混合物而获得。在一个实施方案中,使用手性高效液相色谱法(HPLC),包括使用手性固定相进行拆分。
式(III)化合物可通过使式R1C(O)OMe的化合物与式(IV)化合物或其盐反应而获得:
Figure BDA0000046513500000022
式(IV)化合物可通过环己烯-2-酮与氮丙啶或其盐的反应而获得。反应可在有机溶剂如甲苯的存在下进行。合适的步骤在本文的实施例中加以说明。
本发明包括上述用于制备式(I)化合物的方法以及它们的每个步骤和顺序步骤的所有组合。如上所述,式(I)化合物可进一步转化为可药用盐形式,特别是酸加成盐形式。酸加成盐可根据已知的方法而获得,例如通过向最后的反应步骤中加入酸或在再结晶之前加入酸。
本发明还涉及各种化合物如选自式(II)和(III)的化合物及其盐在制备式(I)化合物或其可药用盐中的用途。
式(I)化合物或中间化合物可通过常规方法如再结晶、柱层析法、蒸馏、离心分离、洗涤或干燥进行纯化和/或分离。
式(I)化合物或其可药用盐可用可药用载体或稀释剂进行配制以形成药组合物。
根据本发明的药组合物可为向温血动物(人类和动物)的肠内如鼻、直肠或口,或胃肠外如肌内或静脉内给药的组合物,所述组合物仅包含有效剂量的药理活性成分或者还包含大量的可药用载体。活性成分的剂量取决于温血动物的种类、体重、年龄和个体情况、个体药物代谢动力学数据、待治疗的疾病和给药模式。
药组合物可包含约1-95%、优选约20-90%的活性成分。根据本发明的药组合物可为例如以单位剂量形式,例如以安瓿、小瓶、栓剂、糖衣丸、片剂或胶囊的形式。
可替代地,化合物可例如以膏状物、凝胶等形式局部给药或通过例如以干粉形式吸入给药。
包含本发明试剂的组合物的实例包括例如固态分散体、水溶液(例如包含溶解试剂)、微乳液和本发明试剂的悬浮液。可通过合适的缓冲剂将组合物缓冲至pH为例如3.5-9.5的范围。
本发明的药组合物本身可以已知的方式,例如通过常规溶解、冻干、混合、粒化或成型方法而制得。
式(I)化合物及其可药用盐可用于治疗与谷氨酸能信号传递的不规则相关的病症以及全部或部分由mGluR5引起的神经系统病症。对于mGluRs的活性可根据在WO 03/047581中描述的任意方法进行测定。
与谷氨酸能信号传递的不规则相关的病症例如为癫痫症、脑缺血、特别是急性局部缺血、眼睛的缺血性疾病、肌肉痉挛如局部或全身痉挛状态,特别是抽搐或疼痛。
全部或部分由mGluR5引起的神经系统病症包括例如神经系统的急性、外伤和慢性衰退过程,例如帕金森氏病、老年性痴呆、阿耳茨海默氏病、亨廷顿氏舞蹈病、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化和多发性硬化症、精神病如精神分裂症和焦虑症、抑郁症、疼痛、瘙痒和药物滥用如酒精和尼古丁滥用和可卡因使用疾病。
对于所有上述适应症,合适的剂量将自然地取决于例如所用的化合物、主体、给药模式和待治疗的疾病的性质和严重性而变化。然而,通常,对于动物的令人满意的结果显示将在每千克动物体重约0.5-100毫克的每日剂量下获得。对于较大的哺乳动物如人类,显示的每日剂量为约5-1500毫克、优选约10-1000毫克的化合物,所述化合物通常以每天至多4次的分剂量给药,或者以缓释形式给药。
式(I)化合物可单独给药,或者可与对治疗上述疾病有效的其它药学试剂结合给药。
对于适应症疼痛,本发明的化合物可与镇痛剂(鸦片制剂)或与非甾类抗炎药(NSAIDs)如Rofecoxib
Figure BDA0000046513500000041
Celecoxib
Figure BDA0000046513500000042
或Lumiracoxib
Figure BDA0000046513500000043
结合使用。
对于适应症尼古丁使用疾病,本发明的化合物可与丁氨苯丙酮结合使用。
本发明还提供包含式(I)化合物或其可药用盐以及较小比例的一种或多种中间化合物如选自式(II)、(III)和(IV)的化合物和其盐的组合物。
以下实施例说明本发明。
根据文献(J.E.Dolfini等人,Tetrahedron Letters,No 25,第2053-2058页,1965)合成3-(1-吖丙啶基)环己酮。
实施例1-5:氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-烷基酯的合成
将21.6毫摩尔3-(1-吖丙啶基)环己酮溶解在15毫升甲苯中并冷却至0℃。在20分钟内向清液中加入21.6毫摩尔氯甲酸烷基酯(放热反应)。将温度保持在0-10℃。将淡黄色至棕色溶液温热至室温并搅拌另外1小时。在真空(60℃/20毫巴)下除去溶剂和过量试剂,并用5毫升甲苯处理剩余油三次以在真空下除去未反应的氯甲酸烷基酯,得到:
4.95克氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-甲基酯    (实施例1)
5.22克氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-乙基酯    (实施例2)
5.53克氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-丙基酯    (实施例3)
5.92克氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-丁基酯    (实施例4)
6.27克氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-新戊基酯  (实施例5)
实施例6-15:(R)-和(S)-氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-烷基酯的合成
将5克外消旋氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-烷基酯溶解在50毫升庚烷/2-丙醇=1/1(V/V)中并将其注射在Chiralpak-AD制备柱(粒度:20微米,柱尺寸:30厘米长×10厘米I.D.)上。在室温下和400毫升/分钟的流率下使用庚烷/2-丙醇/甲醇=90/7.5/2.5(V/V/V)作为流动相,在60分钟内完成基线分离同时R-对映体总是在其S-对映体之前洗脱。在相同条件下进行第二次色谱操作,并结合对应的馏分。在真空下除去溶剂,得到:
4.6克(R)-氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-甲基酯(实施例6)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.47(m,1H),1.79(m,1H),1.92(m,2H),2.13(d,J=1.53Hz,1H),2.25(m,1H),2.31(dt,1H),2.81(b r.m.,1H),3.49(t,J=7.17Hz,2H),3.60(s,3H),3.61-3.68(m,2H),3.89-3.98(m,1H)
4.5克(S)-氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-甲基酯(实施例7)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.47(m,1H),1.79(m,1H),1.92(m,2H),2.13(d,J=1.53Hz,1H),2.25(m,1H),2.31(dt,1H),2.81(b r.m.,1H),3.49(t,J=7.17Hz,2H),3.60(s,3H),3.61-3.68(m,2H),3.89-3.98(m,1H)
4.2克(R)-氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-乙基酯(实施例8)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.17(t,J=7.02Hz,3H),1.47(m,1H),1.78(m,1H),1.92(m,2H),2.12(dd,J=14.27,1.91Hz,1H),2.25(d,1H),2.31(dt,J=14.04,7.02Hz,1H),2.80(b r.m.,1H),3.49(t,J=7.25Hz,2H),3.63(m,2H),3.93(m,1H),4.05(q,J=7.02Hz,2H)
4.4克(S)-氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-乙基酯(实施例9)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.17(t,J=7.02Hz,3H),1.47(m,1H),1.78(m,1H),1.92(m,2H),2.12(dd,J=14.27,1.91Hz,1H),2.25(d,1H),2.31(dt,J=14.04,7.02Hz,1H),2.80(b r.m.,1H),3.49(t,J=7.25Hz,2H),3.63(m,2H),3.93(m,1H),4.05(q,J=7.02Hz,2H)
3.8克(R)-氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-丙基酯(实施例10)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.88(t,J=7.40Hz,3H),1.47(qt,J=13.49,3.87Hz,1H),1.58(m,J=7.25,7.00,7.00,7.00,7.00Hz,2H),1.79(b r.m,1H),1.92(m,2H),2.12(m,1H),2.25(b r.m,1H),2.29(dt,J=14.04,7.02Hz,1H),2.79(b r.m.,1H),3.50(m,2H),3.63(m,2H),3.85-4.09(m,3H)
3.8克(S)-氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-丙基酯(实施例11)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.88(t,J=7.40Hz,3H),1.47(qt,J=13.49,3.87Hz,1H),1.58(m,J=7.25,7.00,7.00,7.00,7.00Hz,2H),1.79(b r.m,1H),1.92(m,2H),2.12(m,1H),2.25(b r.m,1H),2.29(dt,J=14.04,7.02Hz,1H),2.79(b r.m.,1H),3.50(m,2H),3.63(m,2H),3.85-4.09(m,3H)
3.2克(R)-氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-丁基酯(实施例12)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.88(t,J=7.40Hz,3H),1.32(sxt,J=7.42Hz,2H),1.47(m,J=13.54,3.76Hz,1H),1.55(m,2H),1.78(b r.s.,1H),1.92(m,2H),2.12(dd,J=14.19,1.68Hz,1H),2.25(b r.m,1H),2.31(dt,J=14.11,6.33Hz,1H),2.81(b r.m.,1H),3.49(t,J=7.17Hz,2H),3.63(m,2H),3.93(m,1H),4.00(t,J=6.41Hz,2H)
3.4克(S)-氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-丁基酯(实施例13)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.88(t,J=7.40Hz,3H),1.32(sxt,J=7.42Hz,2H),1.47(m,J=13.54,3.76Hz,1H),1.55(m,2H),1.78(b r.s.,1H),1.92(m,2H),2.12(dd,J=14.19,1.68Hz,1H),2.25(b r.m,1H),2.31(dt,J=14.11,6.33Hz,1H),2.81(b r.m.,1H),3.49(t,J=7.17Hz,2H),3.63(m,2H),3.93(m,1H),4.00(t,J=6.41Hz,2H)
4.8克(R)-氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-新戊基酯(实施例14)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.90(s,9H),1.47(m,1H),1.79(br.m.,1H),1.94(br.m.,2H),2.13(m,1H),2.24(b r.m,1H),2.31(dt,J=14.04,6.10Hz,1H),2.82(br.m,1H),3.52(t,J=7.17Hz,2H),3.64(m,2H),3.73(br.m.,2H),3.94(m,1H)
5.2克(S)-氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-新戊基酯(实施例15)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.90(s,9H),1.47(m,1H),1.79(br.m.,1H),1.94(b r.m.,2H),2.13(m,1H),2.24(b r.m,1H),2.31(dt,J=14.04,6.10Hz,1H),2.82(br.m,1H),3.52(t,J=7.17Hz,2H),3.64(m,2H),3.73(br.m.,2H),3.94(m,1H)
实施例16-20:1-烷氧羰基-4-酮全氢吲哚的合成
将15毫摩尔氨基甲酸(2-氯乙基)(3-氧代环己基)-烷基酯溶解在15毫升二氯甲烷中。向橙色溶液中加入1.07克吡咯烷和1.52克三乙胺。在室温下搅拌反应混合物16小时,并最终用45毫升乙酸异丙酯和30毫升水稀释。在搅拌下调节乳液的pH至pH=2并继续搅拌另外的30分钟。在相分离之后用20毫升乙酸异丙酯萃取水相两次并每次用20毫升水对结合的有机相洗涤三次。在真空(50℃/20毫巴)下除去溶剂,得到:
2.55克1-甲氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚    (实施例16)
2.70克1-乙氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚    (实施例17)
2.98克1-丙氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚    (实施例18)
3.15克1-丁氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚    (实施例19)
3.34克1-新戊氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚  (实施例20)
实施例21-30:(S,S)-和(R,R)-1-烷氧羰基-4-酮全氢吲哚的合成
将5克外消旋1-烷氧羰基-4-酮全氢吲哚溶解在50毫升庚烷/2-丙醇=1/1(V/V)中,并将其注射在Chiralpak-AD准备柱(粒度:20微米,柱尺寸:30厘米长×10厘米I.D.)上。在室温下和400毫升/分钟的流率下使用庚烷/2-丙醇/甲醇=90/7.5/2.5(V/V/V)作为流动相,在60分钟内完成基线分离,同时S,S-对映体总是在其R,R-对映体之前洗脱。在真空下除去溶剂,得到:
2.5克(S,S)-1-甲氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚(实施例21)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.58(b r.m.,2H),1.73(b r.m.,1H),1.88(m,1H),2.01(m,1H),2.14(m,1H),2.19(m,1H),2.37(td,J=10.76,5.65Hz,1H),2.82(m,1H),3.29(m,2H),3.57(s,3H),4.04(m,1H)
2.4克(R,R)-1-甲氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚(实施例22)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.58(b r.m.,2H),1.73(b r.m.,1H),1.88(m,1H),2.01(m,1H),2.14(m,1H),2.19(m,1H),2.37(td,J=10.76,5.65Hz,1H),2.82(m,1H),3.29(m,2H),3.57(s,3H),4.04(m,1H)
1.5克(S,S)-1-乙氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚(实施例23)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.16(t,J=7.10Hz,3H),1.57(m,2H),1.75(b r.m.,1H),1.88(m,1H),2.02(d,J=4.58Hz,1H),2.13(m,1H),2.19(m,1H),2.38(td,J=10.64,5.57Hz,1H),2.83(m,1H),3.28(m,2H),4.03(m,3H)
2.4克(R,R)-1-乙氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚(实施例24)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.16(t,J=7.10Hz,3H),1.57(m,2H),1.75(br.m.,1H),1.88(m,1H),2.02(d,J=4.58Hz,1H),2.13(m,1H),2.19(m,1H),2.38(td,J=10.64,5.57Hz,1H),2.83(m,1H),3.28(m,2H),4.03(m,3H)
2.3克(S,S)-1-丙氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚(实施例25)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.88(t,J=7.40Hz,3H),1.56(m,4H),1.76(b r.m.,1H),1.88(m,1H),2.02(m,1H),2.14(b r.m,1H),2.05(m,1H),2.36(dt,J=10.68,5.34Hz,1H),2.83(m,1H),3.29(m,2H),3.93(m,2H),4.04(m,1H)
2.1克(R,R)-1-丙氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚(实施例26)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.88(t,J=7.40Hz,3H),1.56(m,4H),1.76(br.m.,1H),1.88(m,1H),2.02(m,1H),2.14(br.m,1H),2.05(m,1H),2.36(dt,J=10.68,5.34Hz,1H),2.83(m,1H),3.29(m,2H),3.93(m,2H),4.04(m,1H)
2.3克(S,S)-1-丁氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚(实施例27)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.88(t,J=7.40Hz,3H),1.32(dq,J=14.97,7.42Hz,2H),1.54(m,4H),1.75(b r.m.,1H),1.88(m,1H),2.02(m,1H),2.13(b r.m,1H),2.19(m,1H),2.73(dt,J=10.83,5.42Hz,1H),2.83(m,1H),3.29(m,2H),3.99(m,3H)
2.0克(R,R)-1-丁氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚(实施例28)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.88(t,J=7.40Hz,3H),1.32(dq,J=14.97,7.42Hz,2H),1.54(m,4H),1.75(b r.m.,1H),1.88(m,1H),2.02(m,1H),2.13(br.m,1H),2.19(m,1H),2.73(dt,J=10.83,5.42Hz,1H),2.83(m,1H),3.29(m,2H),3.99(m,3H)
1.7克(S,S)-1-新戊氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚(实施例29)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.90(s,9H)1.59(m,2H)1.75(br.sm,1H)1.90(m,1H)2.03(m,1H)2.14(b r.M,1H)2.20(m,1H)2.36(dt,J=10.83,5.34Hz,1H)2.84(m,1H)3.33(m,2H)3.68(br.m,2H)4.07(br.m.,1H)
1.5克(R,R)-1-新戊氧甲酰基-4-酮全氢吲哚(实施例30)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.90(s,9H),1.59(m,2H),1.75(br.sm,1H),1.90(m,1H),2.03(m,1H),2.14(br.M,1H),2.20(m,1H),2.36(dt,J=10.83,5.34Hz,1H),2.84(m,1H),3.33(m,2H),3.68(br.m,2H),4.07(br.m.,1H)

Claims (14)

1.一种制备式(I)化合物或其可药用盐的方法:
Figure FDA0000046513490000011
所述方法包括使3-乙炔基甲苯与式(II)化合物或其盐反应以形成式(I)化合物和任选地将式(I)化合物转化成可药用盐:
Figure FDA0000046513490000012
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中式(II)化合物通过式(III)化合物或其盐的环化获得:
Figure FDA0000046513490000013
其中R1为离去基团。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中式(III)化合物通过使式R1C(O)OMe的化合物与式(IV)化合物或其盐反应获得:
Figure FDA0000046513490000021
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中式(IV)化合物通过使环己烯-2-酮与氮丙啶或其盐反应获得。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法,其进一步包括将式(I)化合物配制成药组合物。
6.一种制备式(II)化合物或其盐的方法:
Figure FDA0000046513490000022
所述方法包括环化式(III)化合物或其盐:
Figure FDA0000046513490000023
其中R1为离去基团。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中式(III)化合物根据权利要求3或4获得。
8.一种制备式(III)化合物或其盐的方法:
Figure FDA0000046513490000024
其中R1为离去基团;
所述方法包括使式R1C(O)OMe的化合物与式(IV)化合物或其盐反应:
Figure FDA0000046513490000031
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中式(IV)化合物根据权利要求4获得。
10.一种式(II)化合物或其盐:
Figure FDA0000046513490000032
11.一种式(III)化合物或其盐:
其中R1为离去基团如卤素。
12.权利要求10或11的化合物在制备如权利要求1所定义的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐中的用途。
13.式(IV)化合物或其盐在制备如权利要求1所定义的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐中的用途:
Figure FDA0000046513490000034
14.环己烯-2-酮、氮丙啶或其盐在制备如权利要求1所定义的式(I)化合物或其可药用盐中的用途。
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